1、AHundreds of villages in rural India are using clean energy powered by the sun.This month,61 households in the village of Baripatha in eastern India were given two solar lamps.Villagers had been using kerosene lamps at night.Kerosene produces pollution and can lead to fires.The Indian government wan
2、ts to increase the use of solar energy by 500 percent in the next seven years.If it is to reach that goal,100 gigawatts of power must come from solar by 2022.Now,just 4 gigawatts of power created in the country come from the sun.Officials say they want to slow the amount of greenhouse gas emissions.
3、India is now the third largest producer of this gas.The gas contributes to climate change.Arunabha Ghosh is the head of the Council on Energy,Environment and Water,a policy research group in New Delhi.He says“in terms of the share of electricity capacity that Germany achieved through renewables,that
4、 transition took about 22 years for Germany.In Indias case,which is a much poorer economy,India is planning to have a similar shift towards renewable energy and non-fossil energy” within 15 years.Indias goal may be helped by the decreased cost of developing solar energy.The government says it wants
5、investors to spend $ 100 billion over seven years in solar power.It is reducing taxes for some solar-related investments.And it is permitting non-Indians to invest.This week,Germany said it would spend more than $ 2 billion on solar projects in India.SunEdison,an American renewable-energy company,sa
6、ys it wants to invest $ 15 billion.SoftBank,a Japanese company,has announced it will partner with companies in India and China to spend up to $20 billion on solar energy projects.Trina Solar,a Chinese company,plans to spend $500 million to make solar panels.Some people in India are worried that ther
7、e is not enough land for some of these projects.Many of the projects need large plots of land.Inderpreet Wadhwa created a company called Azure Power.It was one of the earliest investors in solar projects.He said most of them are being built in dry areas of the country,on land that cannot be farmed.2
8、1.The underlined word “kerosene” in Paragraph 2 means.A.electricity B.natural water C.a kind of oil D.solar energy22.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.India Wants to Promote Use of Solar Energy B.How to Use Solar Energy in IndiaC.India Wants to Reduce the Air Pollution D.Th
9、e United States Helps India in Solar Energy23.Where is the text probably taken from?A.A news website. B.A science book. C.A college textbook. D.A life magazine.语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。为了减少温室气体排放,印度政府决心大力推广太阳能,并希望本国的和外国的公司前来投资。答案及剖析:21.C猜测词义题。根据第二段第二、三句Villagers had been using kerosene lamps at night.Kerosene
10、 produces pollution and can lead to fires.可知,这种灯可以用来照明,但是它有污染,能引起火灾。由此可推知,这是一种过去使用的油类燃料。故选C。22.A主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了印度政府计划大力推广太阳能,并希望本国的和外国的公司前来投资。A项最能概括文章主旨,适合作为本文的标题。故选A。23.A推理判断题。本文话题较新,时效性强,符合新闻报道的特点,最有可能出现在报纸或新闻网站上。B（2018全国）We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the
11、 first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices （装置）well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much
12、power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energ
13、y use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As
14、we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kidsroom,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 199
15、2 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放）more than doubling du
16、ring the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution （解决方案）?The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.They found t
17、hat more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.24.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.
18、25.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.26.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet.C.The LCD T
19、V. D.The desktop computer.24.A推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“.these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.”可知,这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源,也就是说新的设备更环保。25.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To figure out how much power these devices are using.”可知,Babbitt和她的同事们进行这项研究的目的是弄清这些设备的用电量。26.B推理判断题
20、。根据最后一段中的“They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.”可知,在平板电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐节目,而不是看电视和台式电脑,可以将能耗降低44%,再根据第二段中的“LCD TVs entered.showed up in 2007”可知,平板电脑消耗最少的能源。CFor many years,machines have been doing work that
21、 people once did,including some difficult jobs.Search and rescue operations in dangerous environments are often seen as the first areas that will employ high technology robots.But there is another area where they may soon take jobs traditionally held by human beings: the restaurant industry.Teams fr
22、om around the world competed in early June at the DARPA Robotic Challenge Finals in California.A team from R.O.Korea and its robot,called DRC-Hubo,won first place in the competition.The second and third place finishers were from the United States.The robots were required to drive a vehicle,climb up
23、steps and do mechanical work.Such activities are easy for humans to perform,but more difficult for machines.Not all of the competitors were successful.The failures showed how difficult it is to design effective walking machines.Recently,crowds gathered for the food machinery and technology show in T
24、okyo,Japan.They witnessed a robotic chef preparing food.Other machines cooked,baked tasty pastries and even made sushi.Akihiro Suzuki works at Yaskawa Electric,a company that develops robots.He says robots cannot do everything a human can,but they are able to work without becoming tired.He says robo
25、ts cannot taste food,change heating levels or seasonings to get the best flavor.But he says if a food can be easily prepared,a robot can repeat the same movement to reproduce the same meal.One Japanese woman who saw the robots working wanted to bring them home.Masayo Mori says she would like to have
26、 a husband who could work like a robot.Suzumo Machinery demonstrated its sushi maker robot.It performs the often difficult work of wrapping the popular Japanese food.Hiroshi Monden is an official with the company.He says people all over the world now eat sushi,but there are not enough skilled worker
27、s to prepare for it.He says his machine can help anyone make sushi.27.Where may robots be used soon?A.In the car factory. B.In the rescue scene.C.In the restaurant industry. D.In the underwater research.28.Why did some competitors fail at the DARPA Robotic Challenge Finals?A.Their robots cannot be a
28、pplied at home. B.Their robots can just repeat the same movement.C.Preparing food is really difficult for robots. D.Designing effective walking robots is difficult.29.Whats the basic function of a robot?A.Doing mechanical work. B.Doing everything a human can.C.Tasting food. D.Changing heating levels
29、.30.According to the last paragraph,peoples attitudes towards robots should be.A.worried B.indifferent C.positive D.negative机器人一直帮助人类做一些困难甚至危险的工作,而本文介绍了能代替人类在餐饮业工作的机器人。27.C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句But there is another area where they may soon take jobs traditionally held by human beings: the restaurant indust
30、ry.可知,机器人即将在餐饮业使用。所以答案为C项。28.D细节理解题。根据第四段第二句The failures showed how difficult it is to design effective walking machines.可知答案为D项。29.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句The robots were required to drive a vehicle,climb up steps and do mechanical work.可知答案为A项。根据第六段中的He says robots cannot do everything a human can 和第七段中的He
31、 says robots cannot taste food,change heating levels 可排除B、C、D三项。30.C推理判断题。根据文章最后一段所举的例子可知,很多日本人愿意家中拥有一台机器人,帮他们完成厨房工作,由此可推知,对机器人的使用他们的态度是肯定的,所以答案为C项。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Whether youve been in college or youre looking forward to going to university in the future,you and your family likely spend some time worrying about the cost of your college education.31. However,that will pay off for years to come.Earning scholarships is a great way to help you.The Financial Aid Office at Illinois State helps students identify scholarship op
