1、大学英语必掌握语法大全大学英语六级必掌握语法汇总一倒装结构1）完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前，通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。句型模式是：谓语+主语+1. There be/ appear/ come/ remain+主语(+地点或时间状语)例如：There appeared to be a woman in red.那里有个穿红衣服的女人。2. 副词+谓语动词+名词主语+出于修辞需要，表示方向的副词：out, down, in, up, away, on。例如：Down jumped the burglar from the tenth floor when he he
2、ard someone shouted at him.出于习惯用法：here, there, now, thus, hence, then。例如：Here comes the taxi.3. 过去分词或现在分词+be的各种形式+主语+例如：Scattered on the floor were several books and magazines.2）部分倒装部分倒装指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。1. 下列否定词及含有否定意义的词组修饰状语时，若置句首，句子的
3、主谓要部分倒装 ：never, no, neither, not only, hardly, scarcely, little, seldom, rarely, not until, nowhere, at no time, on no account, in no respect, in no sense, by no means, in no way, no longer, no less, no more, no sooner than, under no circumstances, in vain, still less。例如：Not only is its direct attac
4、k on their discipline, it bypasses the essence of what sociologists focus on. Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state.2. 以only修饰状语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装例如：Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.3.
5、以下列副词或短语开头的句子，句子的主谓要部分倒装 ：often, so, well, to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point，many a time。例如：So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.3）特殊从句的倒装1. 让步从句的倒装(1)
6、 as引导让步状语从句，必须采用倒装结构，但不是主谓倒装，而是将被强调的内容置于句首。例如：Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.(2) 出现在句型be+主语+其他中。例如：Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledgebe it scientific or artistic. The business of each day, be it sellin
7、g goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. Come what may, Ill be on your side.2. 比较从句的倒装as, than引导的比较从句中，如果主语是名词短语且较长，经常采用倒装结构(不倒装也可以)。注意：这种结构主语一般为名词，如果是代词则不倒装。例如：Hydrogen burns much more cleanly than do other fuels and is easy to produce. Reading is to the mind as is exercise to the body.二情态动词的
8、基本用法1. can基本含义与用法(1)(表示能力)能;会，(2)(表示可能、许可)能够;可以，(3)(表温和的命令)请做;得，(4)(用于疑问句中，表请求、提议)能不能;要不要，(5)(用于疑问句中，表惊讶、怀疑等)“(到底)可能有这样的事吗?”，(6)构成特殊句式：cannot/ can never.too.或cannot.enough “无论怎么也不过分;越越好;非常”。One cannot be too careful. 越认真越好。I cannot thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。cannot help doing./ cannot help but do./ ca
9、nnnot but do.“禁不住;不由得;不得不”。【注意】情态动词完成式的用法：表示已经发生的情况，cant/ couldnt have +过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“(昨天)一定没”。 例如： Mary couldnt have received my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now.表示虚拟语气，could have+过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以”。例如： What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more t
10、actfully.2. may基本含义与用法(1)(表准许、请求)可以、(2)(表愿望、祝福)但愿;祝。此时，句子要用倒装语序、(3)(用于目的状语从句中)为了;为了能够、(4)(用于让步状语从句中)即使;无论、(5)构成句型：may/ might as well do sth. “还是做某事的好;不妨去做某事” （6）表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。【注意】情态动词完成式的用法：表示已经发生的情况，may/ might
11、 have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许”。例如：At Florida Powers Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician.表示虚拟语气，may/ might have + 过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“(那样)也许会”。例如： It might have been better to include more pun
12、chy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers.3. must基本含义与用法(1)(表义务、必要性、命令)必须，得，要，mustnt表“禁止、不准”、(2)(表必然性)必定、(3)(表固执、不满等)偏偏;硬要;偏要，例如：If you must know，Im going to help him look for an apartment.【注意】情态动词完成式的用法：must have +过去分词，表示对已发生情
13、况的肯定推测，译为“(昨天)一定”。例如： My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”4. shall基本含义与用法(1)用于疑问句中，与第一、三人称连用，表示征求对方的意见，may用于征求对方的许可，shall用于征求对方的意见或指示、(2)用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等、(3)(用于法律、规则等条文中)应，须，得5.
14、 should基本含义与用法(1)(表义务、责任)应该、(2)(表预期)应该会，想必会，一定会吧、(3)(表惊讶、遗憾)竟然;居然、(4)(与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等)究竟是;到底、(5)(用于条件状语从句中)一旦;万一、(6)(用于表示命令、建议、请求的动词后面的that从句中，且should可省略)应该;必须，例如：She demanded that they (should) leave at once.(7)(用于以lest，for fear that，in case引导的状语从句中)以免;唯恐，例如：She gave me a list just in case I sho
15、uld forget what to buy. 【注意】情态动词完成式的用法：表示虚拟语气，should/ should not have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，或本不应该做但实际上做了, 译为“本(不)应该”。如：I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully.6. would基本含义与用法(1)(表过去的习惯性动作)(从前)常常;经常、(2)(表示说话者的厌烦、焦躁)老是;偏要、(3)(用于否定句中，主语一般是事物，表示某事物暂时的特性)就
16、是(不能)、(4)表示请求或个人的想法、看法，使语气婉转，例如：Would you mind if I opened the window?二、表推测情态动词辨析1. must，can/ could，may/ might可以用来对事情进行推测。must表推测时只能用于肯定句，是对现在或过去的事情进行的推测，不能表对将来事情的推测，语气非常肯定，译为“一定”。can/ could表推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句，也是对现在或过去的事情进行推测，但could偶尔可用于肯定推测。may/ might表推测时一般用于肯定句或否定句，可对现在、过去或将来的事情进行推测，语气不很肯定，译为“可能”。2. “
17、情态动词+have done”结构用于对过去事情的推测。might have done和could have done除了表对过去事情的推测外，还可表示一种责备语气，意为“(过去)本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到”，此时不能用may或can。例如：He might have given you more help，even though he was very busy.3. 表责备语气情态动词should，ought to，could，might，need等常用来表示说话人对过去事情的不满或遗憾，带有较强烈的责备语气。should (ought to) have done “本应该”
18、，表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情，含有责备或遗憾的语气，其否定形式为“should not/ought not to have done”，should have done还可以表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。例如：Its wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.could/ might have done “本来能够(会)”，表示过去本来可以(能够)做某事，但实际上没有做到。neednt have done“本来不需要”，表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。三、几个情态动词常考的句型1. may/ mi
19、ght (just) as well“不妨，最好”，与had better相近。例如： Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.2. cannot/ canttoo “越越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannotover。例如： You cannot be too careful when you drive a car. The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be ove
20、remphasized.三；语态英语有两种语态， 主动语态和被动语态， 主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。例如：I have repaired the radio.我修好了收音机。The radio has been repaired.收音机被修好了。The students cleaned the classroom.学生们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室被学生们打扫了。被动语态的构成：be + 过去分词A building was damaged by the storm.暴风
21、雨毁坏了一座建筑物。Our plate was made in China.我们的盘子是中国生产的。My bike was stolen.我的自行车被盗了。常用的被动语态的时态变化如下，以 ask 为例：一般 进行 完成现在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked过去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked将来I shall be asked, I shall have been asked过去将来I shall be asked被动语态的疑问句是把助动词提前到句首。Has your TV
22、 set been repaired?你的电视机修了吗?Was the kite broken?风筝破了吗?Has the work been done?工作结束了吗?被动语态的否定式是在助动词后面加 not.The letter has not been sent out.信还没有发出去。The little boy has not been found out.小孩还没有找到。The cap has not been mended yet.帽子还没有补好。Their money has not been sent to them.他们的钱还没有送到他们手中四：suggest1) It is
23、 demanded / necessary / a pity + that结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。句型：(1)suggestedIt is (2)importantthat+ (should) do(3) a pity(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted; + (should) do(2)important, necessary, natural, strangea pity, a shame, no wonder(3)It is
24、suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2)在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) doI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted
25、that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:(错)You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
26、(对) I insisted that you were wrong.3)在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.五，数量词一、 none 无1) none作主语，多与of 构成
27、短语 none of。 在答语中，none可单独使用。Are there any pictures on the wall?None.2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。It is none of your business.二、few 一些，少数few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。三、some 一些1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2) 当做某一解时，也可与单数名词连用。(= a certain)You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。A certain (some) perso
28、n has seen you break the rule.某些人不同意你的看法。注意：(1)在肯定疑问句中用some代替any。(2)some用于其他句式中:a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。Would you like句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：Would you like some coffee?b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：If you need some help，let me know.c. some位于主语部分,Some students havent been there before.d. 当否定的是整体中的部分时，some
29、可用于否定句。如：I havent heard from some of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。四、any 一些1)any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时，any可用于肯定句。Here are three novels. You may read any.这有三本小说，你可任读一本。五、one, ones 为复数形式ones必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不用ones。Have you bought any rulers?Yes，I ve bought som
30、e.六 only一、only引导的词组或句子放在句首作状语时，通常要用倒装结构。如Only in this way can you solve the problem.只有通过这种方式你才能解决问题。Only if you study hard can you pass the exam.只有努力学习才能通过考试。Only then did I realize my mistake.只有那时我才意识到错了。二、not only.(but also)出现在句首时，如果架连接的是两个句子，常用倒装。如Not only did we lose all our money,but we also came close to losing our lives.我们不仅丢了钱，还差点把命丢了。Not only did he speak correctly,but he also spoke easily.他不仅说得准确，而且说得很轻松。三、only放在不定式前面，常表示不愉快或出乎人们的意料的结果。如I
