1、随着动力设备的出现，输送机的类似原理应用一直持续到了19世纪，英国人用编织物、钢丝绳为牵引带输送机。输送机的原理应用，在17世纪时也有记载输送机，1880年德国公司开发出由蒸汽驱动的带式输送机。随后英国人和德国人又推出了惯性输送机，若从输送机原理的应用上来讲输送机，制作出倾斜的带式输送机，以链条等作牵引输送机。各种输送机在这段时间里相继出现输送机，是以人力、水力等力量驱动。各种结构的输送机相继出现了。1887年美国人制造出了螺旋输送机，使企业内部、企业之间乃至城际输送成为可能。输送机的发展历史非常久远，他们代替了原始动力为输送机提供驱动力。古时人们开始应用水翻车和高转筒车输送机，以后中诺皮带输
2、送机在水利工程中开始大显威力。 输送机在19世纪八十年代后期得到了快速的发展，输送机本身也在工业生产中扮演着越来越重要的角色。进入二十世纪以后输送机的发展，在1905年瑞士人生产了钢带式输送机，以龙骨叶板、筒做输送容器来实现物料的搬运输送机，机械制造、钢铁冶金等行业的技术不断提高。美国人鲁宾斯在1896年经申请成为了带式输送机的发明人。输送机械按运作方式可以分为：1：带式输送机 2：螺旋输送机 3：斗式提升机未来输送机的将向着大型化、使用范围广、能量消耗低、污染较少、物料自动分拣等方面发展。 大型化包括输送能力增大、输送距离的增大及输送倾角增大等几个方面。例如，水力输送装置的输送距离已达440
3、公里以上，带式输送机的输送距离将近15公里，由若干台组成联系甲乙两地的“带式输送道”也不断出现。不少国家正在探索长距离、大运量连续输送物料的更完善的输送机结构。扩大输送机的使用范围，是指发展能在高温、低温条件下有腐蚀性、放射性、易燃性物质的环境中工作的，以及能输送炽热、易爆、易结团、粘性物料的输送机。通过对螺旋输送机发展历程的了解，我们可以预见未来螺旋输送机的发展方向如下：运量更大、高速度、高使用寿命。高速度意味着高的生产率，减少单位时间生产成本。磨损是限制螺旋输送机寿命的主要原因，降低物料与螺旋之间的摩擦系数，增强螺旋轴间的耐磨性，改善物料的性能，这样可以在很大程度上延长输送机的使用寿命。低
4、的能源消耗以及减少能量的消耗。螺旋输送机的大部分能源消耗都在摩擦损失上。 因此如何降低能源的消耗是研究和设计螺旋输送机亟待要解决的难题和今后的发展方向。智能化方向的发展。未来的螺旋输送机和电脑有着越来越密切的联系，适合程序的控制、智能操作。物料的装卸、机器上网安装和维护都应当能实现智能化管理。空间的可弯曲输送。为了克服水平和垂直螺旋输送机由于构造上的限制而只能直线输送物料的不足，近些年来出现了可弯曲的螺旋输送机，弹簧螺旋输送机等。另外其他的各种螺旋输送机也应该为了实现空间、可弯曲输送不断研制新的机型。组合复合化的输送，向大型化发展。在使用螺旋输送机的过程中，结合各种连续输送机械，来完成复杂物料
5、的输送。大型化包括单机长度的大型化、运输能力的大型化、输送角度的大型化等。扩大应用范围。目前，螺旋输送机的受到限制，要不断扩大其应用范围，研究其在低温、高温条件下有腐蚀性、放射性、易燃性物质的环境中工作的，以及能输送炙热。易爆、易结团、粘性物料的螺旋输送机。环保设计，减少污染，实现绿色设计的目的。传统的螺旋输送机是在敞开的状态下工作的，在输送粉状、颗粒状物料时，物料易散落飞扬，严重影响周边的环境，特别是在输送化肥、水泥、矿石、煤炭等粉末易飞扬物料时尤为严重。为了解决这个问题，我们应当提前研制多种形式的环保输送机，而螺旋输送机对于解决这个难题，无疑具有很大的发展空间。THE HISTORY AN
6、D DEVELOPMENT TREND OF BELT CONVEYORConveyor is a common dont have flexible traction component continuous conveying machinery, also called continuous conveyor.It is a material handling equipment, it with handling ability strong, persistent, direction, flexible, and other advantages in industrial pro
7、duction in large being applied. Although many types of belt conveyor, but its working principle is basic similar, most are driving draught device and drive transmission container transport materials. Conveyor can undertake level, the tilt and vertical conveyor, also can make the space transport rout
8、es, transmission lines is usually fixed, is a modern production and logistics transport indispensable important mechanical equipment. It has transmission capacity is strong, long distance transportation etc.With the development of industry, conveyor also obtained fast development, conveyor products
9、have been also gradually improved. With the emergence of the power equipment of similar principle is applied, conveyor continuing into the 19th century, britons use basketwork, wire rope for traction belt conveyor. The principle of belt conveyor, when applied in the 17th century also recorded convey
10、or, in 1880 German company developed driven by steam belt conveyor. Then the British and German and launched inertial conveyor, if the conveyor belt, the application of the principle, creating a tilt of the belt conveyor, belt, traction with chains. All sorts of conveyor during this time arise conve
11、yor, based on human, hydraulic power drive such. All the structures conveyor successively appeared. In 1887 americans produced the screw conveyor, make enterprise internal, between enterprise and inter-city transportation possible. The development history of belt conveyor, they very ancient instead
12、of the original motive for conveyor provide driving force. Ancient people began to use water overturned and high TongChe conveyor, in turn after the water conservancy projects belt conveyor begin in power. Quick-tempered exaltsConveyor in 19th century eighties obtained fast development, conveyor its
13、elf is in industrial production plays a more and more important role. After entering the development of the 20th century, in belt in 1905 Swiss produced steel belt conveyor, keel leaf board, canister to do to achieve the material conveying container handling conveyor, machinery manufacturing, steel
14、metallurgical industries technology enhances unceasingly. Americans LuBinSi in 1896 after application became the inventor of belt conveyor.According to the mode of operation conveying machinery can be divided into: 1: belt conveyor 2: screw conveyor 3: dou pattern lift machineThe future of large sca
15、le, will toward belt use scope, energy consumption, low pollution less, material automatically grading, etc.Large-scale including conveying capacity increases, conveying the increase of space and transportation Angle increases, etc. For example, the transmission distance hydraulic transmission devic
16、e 7.3 kilometers above, the transmission distance of belt conveyor by nearly 15 kilometers, composed some Taiwan contact between party a and party b belt conveyers word also appear constantly. Many countries are exploring long-distance large-capacity continuous conveying material more perfect convey
17、or structure. Enlarge conveyor scope of application, refers to development can be in high temperature, low temperature condition corrosive, radioactive, inflammable material environment, as well as hot, explosive, easy to transport the Rachel regiment, viscous material conveyor.Based on the developm
18、ent process of the spiral conveyer, we can know the future development direction of the spiral conveyer are as follows:（1） The traffic volume greater, high speed, high service life. High speed means high productivity, reduce production cost per unit time. Wear is the limit screw conveyor life of mai
19、n reason, reduce material and spiral, enhance the friction coefficient between screw axis wear and improve material between the performance, so can largely prolong the service life of belt conveyor.（2） The low energy consumption and reduce energy consumption. Screw conveyor in most of the energy cos
20、ts on friction losses. Therefore, how to reduce energy consumption is research and design screw conveyor to be solved urgently problems and the future direction of development.（3） The development of intelligent direction. Future screw conveyor and computer has more and more closely linked, suitable
21、for program control, intelligent operation. Material handling, machine online installation and maintenance are should be able to realize intelligent management.（4） May be bent of the space transfers. In order to overcome the horizontal and vertical screw conveyor due to the limitations of structure
22、only conveying material shortage, straight years appeared flexible screw conveyor, spring screw conveyor, etc. Other various screw conveyor should also in order to achieve the space, can develop new type bending conveying constantly.（5） The combined transport, compound to the large-scale development
23、. In the process of using screw conveyor, combining various continuous conveyor machinery, to perform complex material conveying. Large-scale including single length of large-scale, transportation capacity of large-scale, transmission Angle units, etc.6 Expand application scope. At present, screw co
24、nveyor, the limited expanding their application scope, and study the low temperature, high temperature conditions in a corrosive, radioactive, inflammable material environment, and can transport hot. Explosive, easy group, viscous material screw conveyor.7 Environmental design, reduce pollution, ach
25、ieve the purpose of green design. The traditional screw conveyor is in open under the condition of work, in transportation powder, granule raw materials, materials, serious impact is flying over the environment around, especially in conveying fertilizer, cement, ore, coal and other powder easy feiya
26、ng material particularly serious. In order to solve this problem, we should develop various forms of environmental protection in advance, and screw conveyor belt to solve this problem, undoubtedly have very big development space.设计目的及方案要求（1）设计目的：通过本毕业设计将学过的基础理论知识进行综合应用，培养结构设计，计算能力，熟悉一般的机械装置设计过程。（2）设
27、计方案要求：工作条件：两班制工作运送水泥，每班工作8小时，单向运转；螺旋输送机的效率0.94使用期限及检修间隔：使用期限为10年，检修间隔为2年 生产批量：小批量生产。驱动装置是同轴式单级齿轮减速器 连接顺序 1.发动机2.联轴器3.同轴式减速器4.联轴器5.螺旋轴输送机螺旋叶片直径D=300mm，每段不大于3m，物料是水泥，总长度为H=10m（3）设计方案的选择：螺旋输送机按其空间位置，可分为水平及微斜的、垂直的及空间可弯曲的三种结构。垂直螺旋输送机的输送过程与水平螺旋输送机不同，垂直输送物料是依靠适当的螺旋转速所引起的作用在物料颗粒上的离心力及由此对管壁所产生的摩擦力而进行运动的，这种输送
28、机的运输阻力比水平螺旋输送机大，消耗功率也大，因此，在这里选用水平螺旋输送机。螺旋输送机的组成 1螺旋输送机通常由螺旋输送机本体、进出装置、驱动装置三大部分组成。 螺旋机本体由头节、中间节、尾节三部分组成。一般情况下，出厂总装时将螺旋输送机中间节按长度长短依次排列,最长的中间节靠近头节，相同长度的中间节则挨在一起，如果有特殊要求，则在订货时给出排列顺序。 在螺旋输送机头节内装有支推轴承承受轴向力，在中间节和尾节内装有用轴承支承螺旋轴，此外，在螺旋输送机尾节内还装有可轴向移动的径向轴承以补偿螺旋轴长度的误差和适应温度的变化。螺旋输送机螺旋面的形式有实体螺旋（S制法）和带式螺旋（D制法）两种。各螺
29、旋轴之间采用法兰式联接， 保证了联接轴的互换性，便于维修。 螺旋输送机机盖为瓦片式并用盖扣夹紧在机壳上，若需改进密封性能，用户可自行在机盖与机壳间加防水粗帆布。 螺旋输送机进、出料装置有进料口，方型出料口，手推式出料口，齿条式出料口四种，由用户在使用现场在机体上开口焊接。布置螺旋输送机进、出料口位置时应注意保证料口至端部的距离，同时避免料口与吊轴承加油杯、机壳联接法兰、底座等相碰。目前, 各水泥企业机械维修中还没有一个定型加工螺旋输送机叶片的设备。为适应叶片加工需要, 我公司于2004 年研制成绞龙叶片拉伸机经过3 年的实际应用, 该机达到了理想的设计要求, 效果良好。现将该机性能和应用情况做
30、以介绍, 以供参考。1 Gx400 螺旋输送机叶片拉伸机的性能这部输送机叶片拉伸机具有省工料、省力、不需能源的特点, 属于手摇式冷轧范畴。加工的叶片质量好, 成品率达100%。1.1 结构如图1 所示, 是该机的结构简图。它由左右旋丝杠（ 1） ; 丝杠备帽（ 2） ; 轴承压盖（ 3） ; 固定叶片螺栓（ 4） ; 固定叶片螺帽（ 5） ; 移动导向槽（ 6） ; 活动套（ 7） 构成。制造简单, 适应性强。1.2 工作原理此机属于冷轧拉伸工艺, 应用杠杆力学原理。通过手摇柄将力传给主管内的丝杠, 带动反、正螺母同时运转, 使牵头沿着螺旋角正、反方向呈斜角拉开, 牵头分别牵引叶片毛坯内径两端
31、缓缓拉开, 内径边缘紧紧围绕主体管外壁上, 达到理想位置, 即做功完毕, 由于反正螺母同时在一个丝杠上, 螺距一样, 受力大小、运行快慢一致, 使叶片受力均衡、变形平稳。故加工叶片平整规范, 成品率100%。1.3 效果由于该机加工叶片时不需加温, 使毛坯各部位受力均匀, 容易变形。同时在拉伸过程中,叶片内径紧紧在主体管壁上, 通过相互挤压磨擦, 使切割后残留的毛刺自行脱落, 内径弧线光滑, 节省了车削加工, 达到了提质降耗的目的。2 操作与使用 在切割好的叶片毛坯内径两端, 按牵头的直径（ 1718mm） 钻两个工艺孔, 将毛坯套进主体管, 两孔对准牵头套入, 转动手柄带动丝杠转动, 牵头牵引叶片两端拉伸, 因叶片毛坯内径边缘凸凹不平拉伸时会产生摩擦阻力, 为防止叶片不规则变形, 可用手锤或大锤敲打受阻力处,消除内应力, 直至叶片成型, 退出牵头。3 新旧两种加工工艺对比如图（ 二） 所示: 是传统的叶片加工工艺简图, 它是用厚8mm 铁板加工成叶片模型, 焊接在主体管壁上, 加工叶片时, 将车削后的毛坯放在模具上, 按模具型状用大锤敲打, 使之拉伸,达到模具型状, 此工艺粗糙、工序杂乱、加温受力难以
