1、高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题168页2020高考英语社会生活类阅读理解精选试题答案解析1.DDuring the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the rank
2、s not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the sta
3、tus seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable b
4、ehavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein exam
5、ined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It
6、clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play datesharing, kindness, opennesscarry over to later years and make you better able to relate
7、and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences t
8、hat help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said.1. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.2. What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescentsC. The importan
9、ce of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.3. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.4. What is the best title for
10、 the text?A. Be NiceYou Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the BestYou Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受欢迎度对青少年的影响。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, whi
11、ch allowed me to keep my high social status.可知，在美好的小学时光里，作者喜欢分享她的娃娃和笑话，由此推断出，作者在早年的小学时期是一个慷慨的女孩。A. Unkind不友善的；B. Lonely寂寞的；C. Generous慷慨的；D. Cool冷静的。故选C。【2题详解】主旨大意题。第二段Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.（临床心理学
12、教授Mitch Prinstein将受欢迎的人分为两类:讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主题句，本段内容分别对the likable 和the status seekers做了解释，所以本段主要介绍了两种受欢迎的分类，故选A。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment （它清楚地表明，讨人喜欢可以促使健全的调整）推断出，心理学教授Mitch Prinstein的研究表明，讨人喜欢的孩子适应性更强，故选B。【4题详解】主旨大意题。通过阅读全文内容，尤其是最后一段
13、，可知这篇文章主要讲了受欢迎度对青少年的影响，讨人喜欢对青少年成长都有深远的有益影响。与选项A“友善一点你将不会排在最后（你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后）”一致，故选A。2.CMarian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Ame
14、ricans, shes not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I pr
15、efer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tap
16、ping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with who
17、m hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “Its a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone
18、. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided t
19、he statistics for the report.5. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety.B. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.6. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect
20、 data for her report.7. What do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. Hes fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. Hes familiar with the barkeeper.8. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C
21、. The stress from working overtime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.【答案】5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。据一份报告显示，越来越多的美国人喜欢独自用餐，并通过两个实例加以说明，文章总结了人们喜欢独自用餐的原因。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段A lunchtime escape all
22、ows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. Today, I just wanted some time to myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis if he wants to have a littl
23、e interaction.可知，Mazoleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里安静查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。【8题详解】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示美国人喜欢独自用餐的趋势，并总结了人们选择独自用餐的原因，故选A。3.BMoney with no strings attached. Its not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dol
24、lar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges
25、 of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段) shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it
26、to the board.“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “Theres a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number
27、took as much as they could.While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.“After all, everyone has bad days an
28、d good days,” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”9. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.B. Money not legally made.C. Money offered without conditions.D. Mone
29、y not tied together.10. What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?A. Women tended to be more sociable.B. The activity attracted various people.C. Economic problems were getting worse.D. Young couples needed financial assistance.11. Why did Bridges carry out the project?A. To do a test on
30、 peoples morals.B. To raise money for his company.C. To earn himself a good reputation.D. To promote kindness and sympathy.【答案】9. C 10. B 11. D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上用别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人，组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中But at Union Station in Los Angeles
31、 last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”可知，但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站，一块牌子上用别针别满了美元，上面写着“给予你所能给与的，拿走你所需要的”。所以通过下文的语境，判断出第1段中的money with no strings attached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。故C项正确。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段照片没给“People of all ages,
32、races, and socio-economic(社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took,” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.”可知，发起该项活动的泰勒布里奇斯说：“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前，拿走了一些钱。所以泰勒布里奇斯提到新娘是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。故B项正确。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.可知，尽管这段
