1、初中英语必背知识点名词数词疑问词用法及练习一、词性的分类1.名词 noun n. student学生boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2.代词 pronoun pron. you 你who, she, it3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的good, right, white, orange4.副词 adverb adv. quickly迅速地very, often, quietly, slowly5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割am, is, are, have, see6.数词 numeral num. one,
2、 two, three, first, second, third, fourth7.冠词 article art. a 一个an, the8.介词 preposition prep. at 在. in, on, from, above, behind.9.连词 conjunction conj. and 和but, before .二、名词名词的单复数(只用在可数名词)1. 基本变化规则一般在名词后加s，变成复数。如boyboys, penpens等。以s, x, sh, ch结尾的，在后面加es。如classclasses, foxfoxes, brushbrushes, watchwat
3、ches。但stomach的复数为stomachs。 “以辅音字母+y”结尾的，y变为i，然后再加es。如babybabies,familyfamilies。 以f或fe结尾的名词英语中共有100多个，其中直接加s的有92个，但这些绝大多数不常用，如safe, roof, belief等；把f或fe改为v, 再加es的只有13个，但13个都是常用的名词，如thief, life, wife, shelf, self, knife, half, leaf, wolf等。thiefthieves,lifelives以o结尾的名词，除有生命的“两人两物”Negro, hero, tomato, po
4、tato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s。如kilokilos, photophotos, zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos, videovideos。.以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加s,读|z| 2. 不规则变化名词单数变复数的不规则变化要注意以下几点：含man的名词，一般变man为men。如womanwomen, policemanpolicemen, EnglishmanEnglishmen。但GermanGermans。将oo改为ee的有footfeet, toothteeth, goosegeese等。复数以en结尾的有chil
5、dchildren, oxoxen等。将ouse改为ice的有mousemice, louselice(虱子)等。单复数同形的有sheep, deer, fish, means, works(工厂), Swiss, Japanese,Chinese等。 复合名词变复数一般的复合名词，只把中心词变为复数（中心词一般是第二个名词） apple treeapple trees pencil-boxpencil-boxes由man和woman 构成的复合名词，二者均变为复数 man doctormen doctors woman teacherwomen teachers除人民币外，美元、英镑、法郎等
6、都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars3.集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 people（人们） police（警察） cattle（牲畜）是复数 （Right：a person，a policeman，the English， the French，the Chinese，the Japanese） （Wrong： a people，a police，a cattle ） 4.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词 1.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 2.news是不可数名词。 5.表示由两部分构成的东西， glasses（眼镜
7、） trousers（长裤） clothes（衣服） 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双) a pair of glasses结构：数词或冠词+量词（s）+of+不可数名词。例如：a bottle of milk two bottles of milk a piece of news four pieces of news6. 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思 goods （货物） waters （水域） woods（森林）名词所有格：名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。 2）(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s。如：Chil
8、derns Day(儿童节), my sisters book(我姐姐的书) (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加。如：Teachers Day(教师节) (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加s. todays newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes break(十分钟的课间休息),Chinas population(中国的人口). (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).3） s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my
9、 aunts(我阿姨家), the doctors(诊所) 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and Bs 的形式,如：Lucy and Lilys bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my fathers(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)单复数练习一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange_2、class _3、monkey_4、piano_5、child _ 6、shelf _7、 bed_ 8、country_ 9、family_10、toy_ 11、 foot _ 1
10、2、radio_13、photo_ 14、tomato_ 15、woman_16、knife_17、sheep_18、ship_ 19、dish_ 20、mouse_ 二、用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：1. There are three_(chair) in the classroom. 2.These_ (tomato) are red.3. My brother looks after two_ (baby) 4. My father likes to eat_ (potato). 5. Chinese_ (people)like to eat noodles.6. I have a
11、 lot of _ (toy) in my bedroom.7. My mother wash_ (dish) in the kitchen. 8. I have two_ (pencil-box). 9. There are some_ (bus)in the street.10. Monster has eight_ (foot).三、选择填空 1. There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2. This car made in Sha
12、nghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D. are4. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples5. There some in the river. A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish6. There two in the box. A. is ,wa
13、tch B. are ,watches C. are ,watch D. is ,watches7. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth8.The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers9. There are three on the farm. A.bird B.sheep C.cat D.duck10. There is no in the
14、bag. A.apples B.oranges C.cakes D.egg11. The pig has four _. A. foot B. feet C. foots 12. My two brothers are _. A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen 13. Mr Black often drink some _. A. milk B. milks C.milkes 14. There are some _on the floor. A. child B. man C. books15. The cat eats two _ on Mond
15、ay. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse 16. I need a pen and some _. A. books B. desk C. chair 三、数词 1、基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeigh
16、tyninetyone(a) hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveone hundred and one1000one(a) thousand, 1000000one million, 108one hundred and eight, 146one hundred and forty-six, 500five hundred , 1001one thousand and one, 1813one thousand eight hundred and thirteen. 2、序数词：表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1） 英语的序数词基本变法： (1) 一般在基数词
17、后加th, (2)-ve结尾的改为-fth (3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth, (4)熟记特殊词。1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12thfirstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-seco
18、ndtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthone hundred and first1000thone thousandth, 1000000th one millionth., 第703the seven hundred and third, 第5480the five thousand four hundred and eightieth.2） (1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如：thirty-sixth, (2) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如：Im in the third grade.(3) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如：1
19、/5one fifth ; 2/3 two thirds ; 4/7 four sevenths ; 1/2 a half ; 1/4a quarter ; 3/4 three quarters ;50% fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).4、数词的用法：1、表示年份：2002: twenty thousand and two ; 1976 : nineteen seventy-six.2、表示日期： 12月1日: Dec.1st或the first of December；2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.3、表示时刻： 5：15 fi
20、ve fifteen或a quarter past five ; 8：30 eight thirty或half past eight ; 10：45 ten forty-five或a quarter to eleven.4、表示编号：Room 105Room one 0 five; Bus No.13Bus Number Thirteen; P.5Page Five; Tel.No.7658659Telephone Number seven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine5、小数的读法：5.7 five point seven, 0.16 zero point one
21、 six.6、“半”的表达： 1/2half, 半小时half an hour, 1.5小时one and a half hours或one hour and a half. 7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如：The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三课相当难)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗？)一、特殊疑问句定义：以特殊疑问词开头，对陈述句中的某一部分提出疑问,回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用yes或no的句子叫特殊疑问句。1.特殊疑问代词
22、：what which who whose whom （1）who whose whom只能指人who 常作主语/宾语 eg:Who taught you English last year?whom作宾语，可用who替代 eg:Whom did you see?whose常作定语/表语 eg:Whose father works in Shenzhen?（2）what用来询问物或数量，当用来询问人是涉及人的职业、身份或外貌 eg：What would you like to eat today？ What is your mother？（3）which 用来询问人或物，一般有特定的选择范围
23、eg：Which is your sisiter of the two girls？2.特殊疑问副词：when where why how （how much/many/long/old/far/fast/often/soon）疑问副词在句中通常作状语，可表时间、方式、原因等。 eg：When will you come back? Where did you put your mobile phone? Why are you late? How long did you stay in Beijin?3. 特殊疑问句要点：1) 改句时，原句中如有助动词(be, can, must, sha
24、ll, will 等)的，把第一个助动词提前；原句中如没助动词(be, can, must, shall, will 等)的，加do(各时态)2)对主语提问时，用what或who代替划线部分，动词不变，如： Jim works hardest in our class. Who works hardest in your class?3) 对形容词、副词、及表方式的介词短语提问，用howPeople work out difficult problems with computers. How do people work out difficult problems?4) 对频率(如once
25、 a week, twice a month, always, sometimes)提问，用how often I visit my grandparents twice a month. How often do you visit your grandparents? 5) 对时间提问，用when; 对钟点时刻的时间提问用What time.I usually get up at 6 in the morning?What time do you usually get up in the morning?I was born on September 10th,2001.When wer
26、e you born?练：对画线部分提问1.They bought a new bike yestoday. 2.She is a nurse. 3.The girl in red is my cousin. 4.He read the book for three hours. 5.She made a living by selling newspapers. 6.Julia often talks with me after class. 7.There were 50 students in our class last term. 8.They come from Hubei. 9.
27、Tim went to school late because he got up late. 10.It is windy. 单项选择 ( )24. If you_a meeting, you go to the meeting place on time, sit there, listen and take notes. A. attend B. quit C. discuss ( )25. A_is a close look at or a careful check on our body by a doctor. A. final decision B. Business agre
28、ement C. Medical examination ( )26. Rich people prefer the first-class tickets because the service is better and the seats are more_. A. comfortable B. expensive C. interesting ( )27. -Can I pay in cash? -sorry, sir, but we only_ credit cards here. A. receive B. accept C. refuse ( )28.-The sales man
29、ager wants to_new markets in the Far East. -Wow, thats great. If he succeeds, he will be very rich. A. open up B. act as C. take off ( )29. A friend who_ help you is a true friend. A. has no choice but to B. Is unwilling to C. Is always prepared to ( )30. -Mary, it was impolite of you to interrupt Kate just now. -Sorry mum, I will listen to others_ nex
