1、直接引语和间接引语转化详解直接引语和间接引语转化详解引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。扩展1、直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。2、直接引语若有明确的表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态不变。3、若直接引语中含有could,must,should等情态动词，变间接引语时，时态不变。4、直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。5、用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语变间接引语的五点变化1.时态变化直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为
2、间接引语的宾语从句的时态如下表： 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）CancouldMaymightMustmust/ had toeg:l like English very much,he said.他说：“我很喜欢英语。”He said that he liked English very much.He said, It will rain soon.他说：“很快就会下雨。”He said that it would rain soon.注意：1 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间
3、接引语时时态不变：The teacher said to us, Knowledge is power.老师对我们说：“知识就是力量”The teacher told us that knowledge is power.2有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时态状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：He said that his daughter was born in 1997.他说：“我的女儿是1997年出生的。”He said that his daughter was born in 1997.2时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和动词的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，有些时间状语，地点状语，指示代词和
4、动词也要作相应的变动。 直接引语间接引语时间状语now 现在then 那时；当时 时间状语 today 今天that day 那天时间状语 tonight 今晚 that night 那天晚上 时间状语 this week 本周that week 上周 时间状语 yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天 时间状语 the day before yesterday 前天 two days before 前两天 时间状语 two days ago 两天前three days before 三天前 时间状语 last week 上周 the last week 前一周时间状语 t
5、omorrow 明天the next day 第二天 时间状语 next week 下周the next week 第二个星期 指示代词this 这that 那指示代词these 这些those 那些地点状语here 这里there 那里动词come 来go 去注：直接引语转换成间接引语时的变化应视实际情况而定。假如就在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等就不需改变；如果在当地转述，here也不必改为there，come也不必改为go。另外，在过去时的引述动词之后，当转述客观真理或是为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍是事实时，也经常用一般现在时。例如：1.He said,
6、Light travels much faster than sound. 他说：“光的传播速度比声音快多了。”He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光的传播速度比声音快多了。2.He said,lm sleeping now .他说：“我现在在睡觉。”He said that he was sleeping then.各类句子由直接引语变间接引语的方法1.当直接引语为陈述句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，跟在引述的动词之后（that也可以省略）。eg:She said :My sister
7、doesnt want to come here.她说：“我妹妹不愿意来这。”She said that her sister didnt want to go there .3.当直接引语为一般疑问句时，变间接引语的方法：将直接引语变为由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句跟在叙述动词之后。用陈述句语序，主句动词用ask。eg:ls everybody here? the teacher asked.老师问道：“大家都到齐了么？”The teacher asked if / whether everybody was there.4.当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语的方法是：将直
8、接引语变为由“疑问词”引导的宾语从句，跟在引述之后，用陈述句语序，主句动词用ask。eg:She asked ,:Where does he live?“ 她问：“你住在哪里？”She asked where he lived.5.当直接引语为祈使句时，变为间接引语的方法是：使用ask / tell / order sb. to do sth. 这一结构进行转换，若祈使句为否定式则用ask / tell / order sb. not to do sth., 其中ask, tell, order 的选择要根据句子的语气而定。eg:Get up early tomorrow , Bill,he
9、said. 他说：“比尔，明天早点起床。”He told Bill to get up early the next day.6.直接引语如果是感叹句，改为间接引语时，改成用疑问代词what或疑问副词how引导的宾语从句。也可以改为that引导的从句。e.g.He said to me ,What a beautiful park it is. He told me what a beautiful park it was.或 He told me that the park was quite beautiful.1.He said he didnt like that book.2.She
10、 asked if/whether I knew the teachers name.3.Tge teacher told/asked us not to play football in that room.4.Mary asked me to lock the door when I left .5.The teacher said the Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.6.He asked how I had finished my job the day before.7.Mother said (that) I ought
11、 to clean the room that day.8.He said he had been there before I went.9.She asked when my father would go fishing .10.He asked me if /whether I wanted to join them.直接引语转化为间接引语：一、如何变人称：下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants
12、to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。
13、 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1)She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to s
14、ee his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. John, where were you going when I met
15、 you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He sa
16、id he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。6）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that h
17、e is tired out.7）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me.8）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football aft
18、er school.三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She
19、said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句，主句的动词通常勇ask sb.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you
20、go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，主句的动词通常勇ask sb，宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如：D
21、ont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.（5） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等动词 加以转述。例如： He said, Lets go to the theatre.He suggested (our )going to the
22、theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.Would you mind opening the window? he asked.He asked me to open the window.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .he advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.He suggested listening to the music.(6)
23、直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.(7)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
