1、中考英语专题复习 简单句四种类型 3中考英语-专题复习- 简单句四种类型 简单句的四种类型一 按要求回答问题。1.There is only one problem. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 2.She has some bread for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ . 3.He has three different colored pencil-boxes否定句：_ 4. Sue did her homework last night否定句：_5. Therere some new machines in the ho
2、use一般疑问句：_二 单项选择。1. She is a good student, _ she? A. is B. isnt C. does D. doesnt2. -_ do you go to the park? -Once a year.A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How many times3. -_ books do you have? -Oh! I cant remember the number, but a lot of them.A. What B. Which C. How many D. How much4. Lets
3、 have a rest, _?A. wont you B. will you C. dont you D. shall you5. -_ did you move to Paris?-Because my father found work there.A. Why B. When C. Where D. How【相似题练习】一按要求回答问题。1This is a bike under the tree. (否定句，一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。)2She has some story-books. (否定句，一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。)3. It is quite a nice p
4、resent. （改为感叹句）4. The fish is very lovely. （改为感叹句）5. Let us go to the cinema together, _ _? ）（完成反意疑问句）二 选出正确选项。1. He hardly hurt himself in the accident, _?A. doesnt he B. didnt he C. did he D. does he2. The poor man needs our help, _ he?A. need B. neednt C. does D. doesnt3. Alice has to finish her
5、work now, _ she?A. has B. hasnt C. does D. doesnt4. A sign with the words“_” is often found in a bus. A. Not parking B. Not smoking C. No parking D. No smoking5. The robot can help me sweep the floor. _ smart invention it is! A. What B. What a C. What an D. How【知识链接】（1）陈述句 （2）疑问句（3）感叹句（4）祈使句【知识梳理】1.
6、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。2.简单句根据使用目的一般可分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、感叹句和祈使句四种。一陈述句：用来说明一个事实的句子叫陈述句。它有肯定式和否定式两种形式。1.陈述句的肯定式：主语+谓语（+其他）eg： He is a middle school student.（他是个中学生） She teaches us geography.（她教我们地理）2.陈述句的否定式：(1) 谓语动词如果是be动词、情态动词时,在它们的后面加“not”。 结构为：主语+be/情态动词+not+其他eg：My brother is not a te
7、acher.（我的弟弟不是教师）He can not swim.（他不会游泳）(2) 谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时,须在它的前面加do not(dont)/ does not (doesnt)/ did not (didnt)。结构为：主语+ do not(dont)/ does not (doesnt)/ did not (didnt)+动词原形+其他eg： I dont know anything about it.(此事我一无所知) We didnt have a meeting yesterday afternoon.(昨天下午我们没有开会)(3) 如果“have”作“有”讲
8、,也可以在它后面加not构成否定式,其形式与have got的否定式相同。 eg:I havent (got) any brothers or sisters.（我没有兄弟姐妹）(4)注意句子中如果有all、both、very much/well等词时,用not一般构成部分否定,如果要完全否定,则通常使用none、neither、notat all等；All of them went there.None of them went there.（他们全都去了那里他们全都没去那里）句子中含有little、few、too(太)、hardly、never、neither、nor、seldom等词时,
9、 则视为否定句。eg：Few people live there because life there is very hard.（几乎没有人生活在那里因为那里的生活太艰难了）陈述句(主语+谓语+其他)在口语中可以直接表示疑问,表示惊讶或明知故问。eg：Thats your boss?（那就是你的老板？！）陈述句一般情况下应使用正常的语序,即：主语+谓语+其他。但是有时会倒装,详见“倒装句”。所有的从句一律使用陈述句语序,即在连接词后采用“主语+谓语+其他”的顺序。eg：The old man told me that he would live here for ten more years
10、 before he returns home. （老人告诉我说他还要在这儿住几年然后回家）Could you tell me who you saw at the party last night?（能告诉我在聚会上你都看见了谁吗？）二疑问句：1.一般疑问句： 用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。（1）一般疑问句构成：句中谓语动词是be动词、情态动词时,则将它们(提前)放到主语前面。其结构为：Be/情态动词+主语+其他；eg：Is he an engineer?（他是工程师吗？） Can you explain it ?（你能解释它吗？）谓语动词如果没有上述词语而是其他动词时
11、,则在主语前面加助动词do/ does/ did, 原来的谓语动词改为原形。其结构为：Do/ Does/ Did+主语+动词原形+其他eg：Do you get up at six every morning?（你天天早晨六点起床吗？）（2）一般疑问句的回答：一般疑问句通常用简略形式来回答, 回答时所用的时态应和问句里的时态一致。eg：Will you join us in playing basketball?（你们加入我们打篮球好吗？）Yes, we will.（是的我们会。）/ No, we wont.（不我们不会。）Have you got todays newspaper?（你有今天
12、的报纸吗？）Yes, I have .（是的有。）/ No, I havent.（不没有。）（3）一般疑问句的否定结构(即否定形式的一般疑问句)表示惊奇、责怪、建议、看法等,只要将“not”置于主语之后或者将“not”放到主语之前与be, have等助动词或情态动词合并在一起就可以了。eg： Isnt your sister a Party member?（你的姐姐不是党员吗？）这种否定结构的疑问句的回答与汉语的习惯不同。如果回答是肯定的,就用“yes+肯定结构”；如果回答是否定的,就用“no+否定结构”。(情况与反意问句类似。)如： Cant he answer the question?
13、(他不能回答这个问题吗？)Yes,he can.(不,他能回答这个问题。) No,he cant. (是的,他不能回答这个问题。)2.特殊疑问句：要求具体回答的问句。(1) 特殊疑问句结构是：疑问代词+ 一般疑问句+？除who以外的疑问代词短语疑问副词eg：What do you want?（你要什么？）Whose magazine is this?（这是谁的杂志？）When did you get up this morning?（你今早什么时候起身的？）但是,“who”引出的询问主语或主语部分相关词的特殊疑问句的结构与陈述句词序相同:eg：Who is dancing over there
14、?（谁在那边跳舞？）有时“what”,“which”,“whose”也可以引出与陈述句词序相同的特殊疑问句。如：What is on the wall?（什么东西在墙上？/墙上有什么？）/ Which is yours?（哪个是你的？）/ Whose book is in your bag?（谁的书在你的书包里？）注意从陈述句改为特殊问句时,先将句子改为一般问句,再将(划线)提问部分更改为疑问词置于句首,特别要注意助动词的使用！如果只对主语或主语的修饰词提问,那么只需要将疑问部分改为疑问词即可。(2)常用疑问代词和疑问副词：疑问代词： who, whom, whose, which, what
15、,疑问副词： when, where, why, how,how构成的短语：how many (多少个) (独立用；或跟可数名词), how much (多少) (独立用；或跟不可数名词), how old (多大年纪), how far (多远), how often (频率),how long (多久,多长), how soon (多久以后),how many times (多少次),等等。(3)特殊疑问句有时也用否定式。如：Why dont you ask Jim instead?(常缩略为Why not?) (你为什么不转请Jim呢？)(4)特殊疑问句疑问部分有时可以有两个以上的疑问词
16、。如：When and where were you born? (你是何时何地出生的？)(5)疑问词如果是介词的宾语,则该介词可以在句首,也可以在句尾。如：What do you want a computer for? = For what do you want a computer? (你干嘛要一台电脑呢？)3.反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。(1) 构成：由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述
17、句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致；反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。陈述句部分附加问句部分注 意 点肯定陈述句否定的简短一般问句当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词；否则就使用do/does/did.否定陈述句肯定的简短一般问句如：He is old, isnt he? (他老了不是吗？) He isnt old, is he? (他不老是吗？) (2) 反意问句的回答：无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式” 如：The man went away, d
18、idnt he?(那人走开了,不是吗？)Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didnt.(不,他没有走。)The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗？)Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/ No, he didnt.(是呀,他不去。)4.选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。(1) 构成： 一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？ 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？(2)选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。
19、eg：Is your friend a boy or a girl? A girl. (-你的朋友是男孩还是女孩？-是女孩。) Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? Tea, please. (-你要哪一样咖啡还是茶？-请来茶吧。) 三祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。1.祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 eg：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) / Shut up! (住嘴！) 2.祈使句的否定式： Dont +动词原形 + 其他 eg：Please dont talk in low voices.
20、(请不要低声讲话。) Dont look back! (不要掉头看。)注意 （1）以“lets”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“lets”后面。如：Lets not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。)（2）肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。eg：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)四感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”1.对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的名词.eg：What a good/ kind girl (she is)!
21、 (她是多么善良的好女孩！) What bad weather (it is)! (天气真糟糕！)2.仅对形容词或副词进行感叹的结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。eg: How carefully the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) How delicious the food is! (这食品真好吃！)3.有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。eg: A nice shot! (漂亮一击！) / Good goal! (好球！)【巩
22、固练习】一选择填空。1-What program is so attractive?The guard of honor (仪仗队) of the PLA are taking part in the parade on Red Square. exciting event! A. How a B. What an C. How an D. What a2His sister had a bad cough, she?Awasnt Bdoesnt Chadnt Ddidnt3. _ more, and youll improve your spoken English.ASpeak BSpea
23、ks CSpeaking DTo speak4 _？They are reading books.AWhat do they do BWhat did they do CWhat are they doing5-_ is your pen?- Its_.A. What; blue B. What color; blueC. What; blue color D. What color; blue color二根据汉语意思完成句子。1.这个男孩在为考试做准备。 The boy _ _ _ the exam.2.今天晚上你打算干什么？ _ _ you _ _ _ this evening?3.上周
24、末我玩的很开心。 I _ _ last weekend.4.我迫不及待地想和你谈谈。 I _ _ _ talk with you.5.你的学校生活怎么样？ _ is your school life _?【真题再现】1._ people are there in your family?Three. A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How much2. _ do you go to the cinema? Once a month. A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How much3. _ schoo
25、lbag is this? I guess its Lilys.A. Whose B. Who C. What D. Which4. _ do you usually go to visit your grandmother? By bus. A. When B. How C. Where D. Why5. _ lovely girl she is! So she is. We all love her. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 【课后作业】一、单项选择1Do you want to go to Sanya or Qingdao for holida
26、y?_A. I want to go to Sanya. B. Yes, I do.C. No, I dont. D. Good idea!2Zhao Lin _ like to go to the zoo.A. isnt B. isC. doesnt D. dont3-_ do you read English newspaper?-I read China Daily every day.A. How soon B. How long C. How often4Just as the saying goes, “_” My cousin has made his dream come tr
27、ue after years of hard work.A. Practice makes perfect B. No pains, no gainsC. Every dog has its day D. Actions speak louder than words5This story is too difficult for us. _ read something easier.A.Why not B.Why not toC.Why not you D.Why dont6There _ a big tree and many flowers in front of my house n
28、ow.A. is B. are C. was D. Were7Would you mind my_ here?_. We cant stand it!A. smoke, OK. B. smoking, Certainly not.C. smoking, Of course. D. smoking, Youd better not.8 _give him a ticket to a ball game?A.Why not you B.Why dont you C. Why not to9You look rather tired. _stop to take a rest？All right. But Ill have to work for a few more minutes.A. Why not B. Why dont C. What about D. How about10-I dont know where to find something about the rainforest.-Why _on the Internet? There is a lot of information about it.A.dont go B.not to go
