1、神经科学中英文词汇中英文专业对照表acetylcholinesterase， AChE 乙酰胆碱酯酶-amino-3-hydroxy- 5methyl- 4-isoxa -zoleppropionate，AMPA -氨基-羟基-5-甲基-4-异噁唑-丙酸accessory 附属细胞acetyl coenzyme A，乙酰CoA 乙酰辅酶AAcetylcholine，ACh 乙酰胆碱acid-sensing ionic channel，ASIC 酸敏感离子通道acquisition 获得action potential,AP 动作电位Acute autonomic paralysis,Acute
2、 dysautonomia 急性自主神经功能不全adapter protein 衔接子蛋白adeno-associated virus (AAV) 腺病毒相关病毒载体adenosindeaminase (ADA) 腺苷脱苷酶adenosine triphosphate,、ATP 三磷酸腺adenovirus vector (AdV) 腺病毒载体adenylyl cyclase, AC 腺苷酸环化酶ADP-ribosylation ADP核酶化adrenal medulla chromaffin cell 肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞adrenocorticotropic hormone releasin
3、g hormone, ACTH 促肾上腺激素释放激素advanced glycation end products，AGEs 晚期糖化终产物Agenesis of corpus callosum 胼胝体不发育agrin 聚集蛋白airway hyperresponsiveness,AH 气道高反响性A-kinase-anchoring-protein,AKAP 锚定蛋白alar plate 翼板allodynia 触诱发痛alpha gamma coactivation -共同激活Alzheimer disease, AD 阿尔茨海默病aminoguanidine， AG 氨基胍aminoxy
4、acetic acid， AOAA 氨氧乙酸Ammon 海马amnesiac 没记性amphetamine 苯丙胺- amyloid deposition A沉积- amyloid pre-protein, -APP -淀粉样前体蛋白-amyloid protein,-AP -淀粉样蛋白Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,ALS 肌萎缩性侧索硬化症anatomically addressedsynapse 解剖定向突触Anencephaly 无脑畸形angiotensinogen, AGT 血管紧张素原angiotensin或angiotonin，Ang 血管紧张素an
5、isotropi 弥散的各向异性anterior column (horn) 前柱角antidiuretic hormone, ADH 抗利尿激素antigen-presenting cells，APC 抗原提呈细胞anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotide 反义寡脱氧核苷酸anti-sense techniques 反义技术apoptosis body 凋亡小体apoptosis inducing factor, AIF 细胞凋亡诱导因子apparent diffusion coefficient，ADC 表观弥散系数arginine-vasopressin, AVP 精
6、氨酸升压素arm projection neurons 臂投射神经元aromatic alkylamine N-methyl transferase，AANMT 芳香烃胺氮位甲基移位酶aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase， AADC 芳香族氨基酸脱羧酶Arrhythmicity 无节律artery spin labeling, ASL 动脉质子自旋标记法association region 结合区associative learning 结合性学习astrocyte 星形胶质细胞Atrial natriuretic factor，ANF 心钠素atrial n
7、atriuretic peptide, ANP 心房钠尿肽attention deficit hyperactive disorder, ADHD 注意力障碍多动症autocoids 部分激素或自身活性物质autogenetic inhibition 自生性抑制automatic pathway 自动加工通路Autonomic Nervous System 自主神经系统autoreceptor 自身受体axon 轴突baclofen 氯苯氨基丁酸ball and chain model 球与链模型band pass filter 带通滤波器barrel field 桶区basal plate
8、基板Bedding 笼底铺垫物benzodiazepine， BZ 安定bicuculline 荷包牡丹碱Biological clock 生物钟biotin-avidin system 生物素-亲合素系统black widow spider venom 黑寡妇蜘蛛毒blood brain barrier，BBB 血-脑屏障Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent, BOLD 血氧程度依赖blood perfusion imaging 血流灌注显像bolus injection 团注bone marrow stem cells 骨髓干细胞bradykinesia 运动徐缓bra
9、dykinin, BK 缓激肽brain ischemia 脑缺血brain-derived neurotrophic factor ,BDNF 脑源性神经营养因子-bungarotoxin， -BGT -银环蛇毒Bursts of openings 爆发型开放buspirone 丁螺环酮Ca2+ -overload Ca2+ 超载cadherin,CAD 钙粘着蛋白Calcineurin 钙调蛋白calcitonin gene-related peptide, CGRP 降钙素基因相关肽calcitonin, CT 降钙素calcium/calmodulin-dependent protei
10、n kinase II，CaM KII 钙/钙调素-依赖性蛋白激酶IICalpain 钙离子依赖性中性蛋白水解酶Calyculin A，CA 花萼海绵诱癌素cAMP response element binding protein ，CREB-1 cAMP反响元件结合蛋白-1-carboline -咔啉类化合物casein kinase-1，CK-1 酪蛋白激酶-1caspase 半胱氨酸/天冬氨酰蛋白酶Catalytic subunit 催化亚单位catecholamine， CA 儿茶酚胺catechol-o-methyl transferase，COMT 儿茶酚胺-氧位-甲基转移酶Cau
11、dal subnuclei 尾侧亚核caudate nucleus 尾核celiac plexus 腹腔神经丛cell apoptosis 细胞凋亡cell death gene (ced) 细胞死亡基因cell division cycle，cdc 细胞分裂周期cell engineering antibody techniques 细胞工程抗体技术cell line 细胞系cell lineage 细胞谱系cell therapy 细胞治疗cells adhesion molecules (CAMs) 细胞粘着分子central benzuzepine receptor 中枢性BZ受体ce
12、ntral nervous system (CNS) 中枢神经系统central pattern generator,CPG 中枢构型发生器ceramide 神经酰胺cerebellar plate 小脑板cerebral infarction 脑梗死cerebral vasospasm，CVS 脑血管痉挛cervical flexure 颈曲cGMP-dependent protein kinase， CG-PK或PKG cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶chemical shift imaging CSI 化学位移成像chemically addressed synapse 化学定向突触chemoat
13、traction 化学吸引chemokine 趋化因子chemorepulsion 化学排挤chlorpromazine 氯丙嗪cholecystokinin, CCK 缩胆囊素choline acetyltransferase， ChAT 胆碱乙酰基转位酶Choline, Cho 胆碱Cholineacetylase， ChAC 胆碱乙酰化酶cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor 胆碱分化因子/白血病细胞抑制因子chorda mesoderm 脊索中胚层ciliary neurotrophic factor
14、receptor ,CNTFR 睫状神经营养因子受体ciliary neurotrophic factor, CNTF 睫状神经营养因子cingulate motor cortex 扣带运动区Circadian osci11ator 日节律Circadian pacemaker 日起律器Circadian time，CT 日时Circadian timing system 日节律定时系统clasp-knife reflex 折刀反射classical conditioning reflex 经典条件反射clonidine 氯压定clozapine 氯氮平co-agonist 辅助冲动剂coca
15、ine 可卡因cochlear Potential 耳蜗电位cognitive stimulation imaging 认知激活显像collapsin 萎陷蛋白colliculur plate 丘板 conditioned response 条件反响conditioned stimulus，CS 条件刺激conjugate eye movement 结合眼运动connexon 连接蛋白Constant darknessDD 无光照的恒暗constitutive secretory 非A源性途径或构成型分泌constitutive NOS， cNOS 构造型或原生型NOScontext -dep
16、endent 前后关系相依赖的convergence 会聚convergence-facilitation theory 会聚-易化学说convergence-projection theory 会聚-投射学说coordination bonds 配位键cortical atrophy 大脑皮质萎缩cortical plate 皮质板corticormotoneuronalcell，CM细胞 皮质运动神经元corticostriatal loops 皮层-纹状体攀corticotropin releasing factor， CRF 促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子corticotropin rele
17、asing hormone, CRH 促皮质激素释放激素counter-response 对抗反响Creatine/Phosphocreatine, Cr/PCr 肌酸/磷酸肌酸creep 蠕变Creulzfeldt-Jakob disease,CJD 海绵状脑病cross cerebellar dysconnection，CCD 穿插性小脑联络不能crossed extension reflex 穿插伸反射或对侧伸肌反射cross-linking 广泛交联cross-talk 对话cyclic ADP-ribdse， cADPR 环ADP-核糖cyclic-AMP-dependent pro
18、tein kinase， PKA 环磷酸腺苷依赖性蛋白激酶cyclin-dependent kinase，cdk 周期蛋白依赖性激酶Cycloheximide 环己亚胺，一种蛋白合成抑制剂cycloleucine 环亮氨酸Cyclosporin A ,CSA 环胞菌素Acytokine 细胞因子DAT , dopamine transporter 多巴胺转运体Deactivation 去活化decerebrate rigidity 去大脑僵直declarative memory or explicit memory 陈述记忆degranulation 脱粒delayed neuronal de
19、ath，DND 迟发性神经元坏死delayed neuronal degeneration，DND 延迟性神经细胞退化delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCV) 迟发性CVSdendrite 树突dendritic cells 树状突细胞Deoxy-hemoglobin, Deoxy-Hb 脱氧血红蛋白Derepression 去抑制diacylglycerol，DAG 二酰基甘油diaschisis，DC 远隔离机能障碍diazepam binding inhibitor， DBI 致焦虑肽diencephalon vesicle 间脑泡diffuce noxious
20、inhibitory controls, DNIC 广泛伤害抑制diffusible inducing factor 可扩散诱导因子diffusion weighted imaging, DWI 弥散加权成像diffusion-sensitizing gradient pulses，DSGP 弥散敏感梯度脉冲18F-DOPA 18氟-多巴directed synapse 定向突触dishabituation 去习惯化disinhibition 去抑制divergence 分散DNA fragmentation factor, DFF DNA断裂因子docking 搭靠docking 锚靠doc
21、trine of specific nerve energies 特殊神经能量定律dopa-decarboxylase，DDC 多巴脱羧酶dopamine hydroxylase， DH 多巴胺-羟化酶Dopamine ,DA 多巴胺Dopamine and cAMP regulated phosphoprotein, DARPP32 多巴胺和cAMP调节的32kDa磷蛋白dopamine transporter 多巴胺转运体Dopa-responsive dystonia 多巴反响性肌张力障碍droperidol 氟哌啶Drosophira；Fruit- fly 果蝇dual nerve s
22、upply 双重神经支配Duchenne muscular dystrophy, DMD 假肥大型肌营养不良症dunce 笨蛋dynamic equilibrium 动态平衡dynamic response 动态反响dynamic stretch reflex 动态牵张反射dynorphin，Dyn 强啡肽dystroglycan 肌营养不良蛋白多糖dystrophin 肌营养不良素early gene 早期基因early LTP 早期LTPecho planar imaging, EPI 回波平面成像Ectoderm 外胚层ectomeninx 外脑脊膜effector cells 效应细胞
23、elaborate semantic retrival 精细复述提取elctrogenic potassium pump 生电性钾泵electrochemical potential, 电化学电位electrotonic synapse 电紧张突触encapsulated cells 包囊细胞endocochlear potenyial,EP 耳蜗内电位endogenous opioid peptides 内源性阿片样肽endomeninx 内脑膜endorphlins 内啡肽类endothelial NOS， eNOS 内皮NOSendothelin, ET 内皮素endothelium E
24、c 微血管内皮细胞endothelium-derived relaxing factor，EDRF 内皮细胞源性血管舒张因子ENK , enkephalin 脑啡肽enterochromaffin cell 嗜铬细胞Entrainment 协同性epidermal grouth factor,EGF 表皮生长因子epilepsy 癫痫epinephrine或adrenaline， E或AD 肾上腺素episodic memory 事件记忆Erythromalalgia 红斑性肢痛症event related potential, ERP 事件相关电位ex vivo 离体转移法excitator
25、y amino acid ，EAA 兴奋氨基酸excitatory postsynaptic current,EPSC 兴奋性突触后电流excitatory postsynaptic potential,EPSP 兴奋性突触后电位exocytosis 胞吐exteroceptor 外感受器extinction 消退extracellular signal related protein kinase，ERKs 细胞外信号相关的蛋白激酶facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy, FSHD 面肩肱型肌营养不良症fast transmission 快速突触传递18
26、F-2-F-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 18F-FDG 18氟-2-氟代-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖feedforward inhibition 前馈抑制fibroblast growt factor,FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子final pathway 最后通路Firing rate 放电频率fixating system 眼固定系统flexion reflex afferents,FRAs 屈肌反射传入纤维flexor reflex 屈肌反射floor plate 底板6-fluotryptophan 6-氟色氨酸fluoxetine 氟西汀forebrain or prosencep
27、halon vesicle 前脑泡Forkhead 叉头蛋白，一种诱导凋亡的转录因子Forskolin，FK 富司克林520free choline 游离胆碱Free induction decay FID 自由感应衰减Freerunning 自律Frequency coding 频率编码functional magnetic resonance imaging， fMRI 功能性核磁共振显像functional MRI, fMRI 脑功能磁共振成像fusion 交融GABA -氨基丁酸Gadolinium,Gd 钆galanin, Gal 甘丙肽gap junction 缝隙连接gating
28、 currents 门控电流GDNF, glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor 胶质源性神经营养因子gene augmentation 基因增强gene constraint 基因抑制gene correction 基因修正gene engineering antibody techniques 基因工程抗体技术gene inactivation 基因失活gene replacement 基因置换gene therapy 基因治疗gene transfer techniques 基因转染技术general somatic afferent 一般躯
29、体传入核团general somatic efferent 一般躯体传出核团general viseral efferent 一般内脏传出核团generator potential 发生器电位genetically engineered cells 遗传工程细胞或遗传修饰细胞Genicu1ohypotha1amic tract,GHT 膝丘束glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, GDNF 胶质细胞源性神营养因子globus pallidus 苍白球Glutamate/Glutamine, Glu /Gln, 总称Glx 谷氨酸/谷氨酰胺glu
30、tamic acid decarboxylase，GAD 谷氨酸脱羧酶glutathione S-trasferase，GSTM1 谷胱甘肽硫基转移酶glycation 异常糖化Glycerophosphocholine 甘油磷酸胆碱130kDa glycoprotein gp130glycoprotein 糖蛋白glycosylation 糖基化glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage,GPI 糖基磷脂酰肌醇键goaldirected 目的指向gonadotropin releasing hormone, GnRH 促性腺激素释放激素Gr kinase 大鼠小脑源性钙/钙调素-依赖性蛋白激酶gradient echo 梯度回波graphesthesia 书写觉growth cone 生长锥growth hormone releasing hormone, GRH 生长激素释放激素growth hormone, GH 生长激素GSH , glutathione 谷胱甘肽guanine nucleoside regulatory proteins 鸟核苷酸调节蛋白，G调节蛋白，简称G蛋白Guillain-Barre syndrome, GBS 格林-巴利综合征habituation 习惯化Half-Center m
