1、成语典故中英对照惊弓之鸟 Birds Startled by the Mere Twang of a Bowstring 战国时期（公元前403221年中国中原地区各诸侯国连年争战的时代）魏国有个名叫更羸的人。一天，他对国王说：“我只要拉开弓，空射一下，就能把天上的鸟射下来。”国王不相信。更羸便对准天上飞来的一只雁射去，果真那只雁听到拉弦的声音就掉了下来。国王感到很奇怪。更羸说，“那是一只受过伤的雁。它一听到我拉开弓弦的声响，就惊慌得支持不住，自然要掉下来了。” In the Warring States Period, there was a man in the State of Wei
2、called Geng Lei. One day he said to the king: I can shoot down birds by simply plucking my bowstring. When the king expressed doubt, Geng Lei pointed his bow at a wild goose flying in the sky, twanged the bowstring, and the goose fell to the ground. Geng Lei said, This goose has been hurt in the pas
3、t. Hearing the twang of the bowstring, it assumed that it was doomed. So it simply gave up trying to live. “惊弓之鸟”这个成语比喻受过惊恐之后，有一点动静就特别害怕。 This idiom means that if one has been frightened in the past ones will may become paralysed in a similar situation.毛遂自荐 Mao Sui Recommending Himself 战国时代，秦国军队攻打赵国
4、的都城。赵国的平原君打算亲自到楚国去请救兵，想挑选一个精明能干的人一同前去。有一个名叫毛遂的人，自告奋勇愿意同去。平原君到楚国后，与楚王谈了半天，没有一点结果。毛遂怒气冲冲地拿着宝剑，逼近楚王，终于迫使楚王答应出兵，与赵国联合共同抵抗秦国。 In the Warring States Period, the State of Qin besieged the capital of the State of Zhao. Duke Pingyuan of Zhao planned to ask the ruler of the State of Chu personally for assista
5、nce. He wanted to select a capable man to go with him. A man called Mao Sui volunteered. When the negoti-actions between the two states were stalled because the ruler of Chu hesitated to send troops, Mao Sui approached him, brandishing a sword. At that, the ruler of Chu agreed to help Zhao, against
6、Qin. “毛遂自荐”这个成语用来比喻自己推荐自己，不必别人介绍。 This idiom means to recommend oneself.世外桃源 A Haven of Peace and Happiness 东晋的文学家陶渊明写了一片著名的文章叫桃花源记。叙述一个渔人出外捕鱼的时候，偶然来到了桃花源这个地方。从这里通过一个山洞，发现了一个村子，这里的居民是秦朝时避难人的后代。这是一个与世隔绝、没有剥削和压迫、人人安居乐业的美好社会。渔人告别村民回家以后，再也找不到这个地方了。 Tao Yuanming, a famous writer of the Eastern Jin Dynast
7、y (317-420), wrote the well-known essay Peach-Blossom Spring. In it he tells a story which goes like this: A fisherman happened to come upon a place called Peach-Blossom Spring. Squeezing through a cave, he found a village, the residents of which were descendants of refugees from the Qin Dynasty. It
8、 was a paradise isolated from the outside world, without exploitation or oppression, and everybody living and working in peace and contentment. The fisherman left the villagers and went home. But he could never find the place again. 后来，由这个故事产生了“世外桃源”这个成语，用来比喻与世隔绝的、理想的美好世界。 This idiom is derived from
9、 the above story, and is used to mean an isolated, ideal world.南辕北辙 Going South by Driving the Chariot North 从前有个人要到南方去，他坐的车子却向北方行驶。过路人说：“你去南方，车子怎么向北行驶呢？”他回答说：“我的马很能跑路，我的车夫驾车的技术也很高明，加上我又带了充足的路费。”这个人没有考虑到，方向弄反了，他的条件越好，离他要去的地方就越远。 Once a man wanted to go to the south, but his carriage was heading nort
10、h. A passer-by asked him: If you are going to the south, why is your chariot heading north? The man answered, My horse is good at running, my driver is highly skilled at driving a carriage, and I have enough money. The man didnt consider that the direction might be wrong; the better his conditions w
11、ere, the further he was away from his destination. 后来人们就把这个故事概括为“南辕北辙”，比喻一个人的行为和他的目的正好相反。 The idiom derived from this story indicates that ones action was the opposite effect to ones intention.画龙点睛 Putting the Finishing Touch to the Picture of a Dragon 南北朝(公元420-589)时期，有个画家叫张僧繇。有一次，他到一个寺庙去游玩，在墙壁上面画了
12、四条龙，可是都没有画出眼睛。看画的人觉得很奇怪，问他为什么不画出眼睛。他说：“眼睛是龙的关键，画上眼睛，龙就会飞走了。”大家不相信他说的话。张僧繇拿起笔来，刚给两条龙点上眼睛，立刻电闪雷鸣，两条龙飞向天空，墙上只剩下两条没有画眼睛的龙。 In the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period (420-589), there was a painter called Zhang Sengyou. Once he visited a temple and painted on the wall four dragons, but gave none of th
13、em eyes. The onlookers felt that this was odd, and asked why he hadnt painted the eyes. He answered, Eyes are crucial for dragons. With the eyes painted on, the dragons would fly away. Nobody believed this, so Zhang Sengyou took up his brush and added eyes to two of the dragons. No sooner had he fin
14、ished than the two dragons flew into the sky amid a thunderstorm. The two without eyes stayed painted on the wall. “画龙点睛”这个成语用来比喻讲话或写文章时，在关键地方加一两句重要的话，使内容更加生动有力。 This idiom is used to describe how, when writing or speaking, one or two key sentences will enhance the contents.画蛇添足 Drawing a snake and
15、Adding Feet 战国时代有个楚国人祭他的祖先。仪式结束后，他拿出一壶酒赏给手下的几个人。大家商量说：“我们都来画蛇，谁先画好谁就喝这壶酒。”其中有一个人先画好了。但他看到同伴还没有画完，就又给蛇添上了脚。这时，另一个人也画好了，夺过酒壶吧酒喝了，并且说：“蛇本来是没有脚的，你怎么能给它添上脚呢？” In the Warring States Period, a man in the State of Chu was offering a sacrifice to his ancestors. After the ceremony, the man gave a beaker of wi
16、ne to his servants. The servants thought that there was not enough wine for all them, and decided to each draw a picture of a snake; the one who finished the picture first would get the wine. One of them drew very rapidly. Seeing that the others were still busy drawing, he added feet to the snake. A
17、t this moment another man finished, snatched the beaker and drank the wine, saying, A snake doesnt have feet. How can you add feet to a snake? “画蛇添足”这个成语比喻做了多余而不恰当的事，反而把事情弄糟了。 This idiom refers to ruining a venture by doing unnecessary and surplus things.班门弄斧 Showing Off Ones Proficiency with the Ax
18、e Before Lu Ban the Master Carpenter 古代有一个建筑和雕刻技术非常高超的人，名叫鲁班，木匠行里尊称他为祖师。传说他曾用木头制作了一只五彩斑斓的凤凰，能够在空中飞翔三天不掉下来。在鲁班门前摆弄斧子，当然显得有些自不量力了。 Lu Ban was supposed to be a consummate carpenter in ancient times. It is said that he once carved a wooden phoenix that was so lifelike that it actually flew in the sky fo
19、r three days. Thus it was considered the height of folly to show off ones skill with an axe in front of Lu Ban. “班门弄斧”这个成语，用来比喻在行家面前显示本领。 This idiom excoriates those who show off their slight accomplishments in front of experts.怒发冲冠 So Angry That One s Hair Lifts Up One s Hat 战国时代，赵国的大臣蔺相如出使到秦国。在他向秦
20、王索回玉璧的时候，秦王蛮不讲理，蔺相如气愤得连头发都竖了起来，向上冲着帽子。 In the Warring States Period, Lin Xiangru, chief min-ister of the State of Zhao, was sent as an envoy to the State of Qin to ask the ruler of Qin to return a fine piece of jade to Zhao. But the ruler of Qin was rude and unreasonable. Lin was angry, and his hair
21、 stood up so stiffly on his head that it lifted up his hat. 后来人们用“怒发冲冠”这个成语形容人愤怒到了极点。 This idiom came to be used to mean being extremely angry.画饼充饥 Allaying Hunger with Pictures of Cakes 三国时代魏国的皇帝曹睿，准备选拔一个有才能的人到朝廷来做官。曹睿对他的大臣说：“选择人才，不能光找有虚名的人。虚名好像是在地上画的一块饼，只能看，不能解决肚子饥饿的问题啊！” In the Three Kingdoms Per
22、iod (220-280), the king of the Wei, Cao Rui, wanted to select a very capable man to work for him. He said to his ministers: When choosing a talented person, always beware of one with a false reputation. A false reputation is just like a picture of a cake; it can t relieve hunger. 后来人们就用“画饼充饥”这个成语比喻用
23、空想安慰自己，不能解决实际问题。 Later, this idiom came to be used to mean comforting oneself with unrealistic thoughts, without solving practical problems.一鸣惊人 Amazing the World with a Single Feat 战国时代，齐威王即位后做了三年国君，只顾享乐，不理政事。有个善于说笑话的人叫淳于髡，一天对齐威王说：“城里有一只大鸟，三年不飞也不叫，你知道这是什么道理？”齐威王说：“这鸟不飞则罢，一飞就冲天；不鸣则罢，一鸣就惊人。”在淳于髡的激发下，
24、齐威王开始治理国家，取得很大成绩，齐国的声威一直保持了几十年。 In the Warring States Period, Duke Wei of Qi neglected state affairs, for the first three years of his reign, giving himself over to dissipation. One of his ministers, Chun Yukun who had a good sense of humour, said to him: There is a big bird which has neither taken
25、wing nor sung for three years. The duke answered, Once that bird starts to fly and sing, it will astonish the world. The duke thereupon devoted himself to his duties and built his state up into a powerful one. “一鸣惊人”用来表示平时默默无闻，一旦行动起来，却做出惊人的成绩。 This idiom is used to indicate that a person may rise fr
26、om obscurity and achieve greatness.守株待兔 Sitting by a Stump, Waiting for a Careless Hare 春秋时代，宋国有个农夫，一天在耕田的时候，忽然跑来一只兔子，恰巧碰在树桩上，脖子折断死了。农夫把兔子拾回家去，美美地吃了一顿兔肉。晚上他想：“我何必辛辛苦苦地种地呢？每天在树下能捡到一只兔子就够我吃的了。”于是，他从此不再耕作，每天坐在树下等待兔子的到来。 In the Spring and Autumn Period, a farmer in the State of Song was one day working
27、in the fields when he saw a rabbit bump into a tree stump accidentally and break its neck. The farmer took the rabbit home, and cooked himself a delicious meal. That night he thought, I neednt work so hard. All I have to do is wait for a rabbit each day by the stump. So from then on he gave up farmi
28、ng, and simply sat by the stump waiting for rabbits to come and run into it. “守株待兔”这个成语，讥笑那些不想经过努力，存在侥幸心理，希望得到意外收获的人。 This idiom satirizes those who just wait for a stroke of luck, rather than making efforts to obtain what they need.狐假虎威 Basking in Reflected Glory 老虎在山林里捉到了一只狐狸，要吃掉它。狐狸连忙说：“你不能吃我，我是天
29、帝派来统治百兽的。你要吃了我，就违抗了天帝的命令。你不信，就跟我到山林里去一趟，看百兽见了我是不是都很害怕。”老虎相信了狐狸的话，就跟在狐狸的后面走进山林。百兽见了果然都纷纷逃命。老虎以为百兽真的害怕狐狸而不知道是害怕自己，于是就把狐狸给放了。 A tiger caught a fox in a forest, and was just about to eat it, when the fox said, You mustnt eat me. I was sent by Heaven to rule the animals. By eating me, you will violate th
30、e command of Heaven. If you dont believe me, just follow me to see whether the animals are afraid of me. The tiger agreed, and followed the fox as it walked around the forest. The animals all ran away on seeing them. The tiger thought they were afraid of the fox, so he let it go. He didnt realise th
31、at it was him that the beasts were really afraid of. “狐假虎威”这个成语用来比喻倚仗别人的势力去欺压人或吓唬人。 This idiom means relying on anothers power to bully or frighten others.破镜重圆 A Broken Mirror Made Whole Agian 南朝陈国(公元557-589)将要灭亡的时候，驸马徐德言把一面铜镜破开，跟妻子各留下一半。双方约定：如果将来夫妻失散了，就把它当作信物。后来，夫妻二人真的失散了，凭借着各人留下的半面镜子，他们最终又得到团圆。 In
32、 the Northern and Southern Dynasties when the State of Chen (A.D. 557-589) was facing its demise, Xu Deyan, husband of the princess, broke a bronze mirror into halves. Each of them kept a half as tokens in case they were separated. Soon afterwards, they did lose touch with each other, but the two halves of the mirror enabled them t
