1、高考英语全国通用版优编增分二轮全国通用版试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 二二、细节理解间接信息题(2018全国，A)Washington，D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington，D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamou
2、smonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration：3hours (4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington，D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsa
3、ndhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike，helmet，cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.Duration：3hoursMorningorAfternoon，thisbiketouristheperfecttourforDC.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington，D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwitht
4、hemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents，Congress，memorials，andparks.c-o/mfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线) makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration：3hours (7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington，D.C.Getupclose
5、tothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike，helmet，andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?ACherryBlossomBikeTou
6、rinWashington，D.C.BWashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CCapitalCityBikeTourinWashington，D.C.DWashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.答案A解+析细节理解题。根据第一项自行车旅行中的最后一句可知，这项自行车旅行需要提前预订。其他三项自行车旅行都没有提到需要预订。22WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?AMeetfamouspeople.BGotoanationalpark.CVisitwell-knownmuseums
7、.DEnjoyinterestingstories.答案D解+析细节理解题。根据第三项自行车旅行中的第二句可知，在CapitalCityBikeTour中，导游会为你讲述关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事。23Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?ACitymaps. BCameras.CMeals. DSafetylights.答案D解+析细节理解题。由题干中的atnight可定位到最后一项自行车旅行。根据最后两句可知，在晚上进行的这项自行车旅行给游客配备了安全灯。一、题型解读1话题特点常考查间接信息理解类的话题有：(
8、1)人物类；(2)故事类；(3)文化教育类；(4)史地自然类；(5)社会生活类；(6)科普说明类。2设问形式特殊疑问句形式或填空形式：(1)Accordingtotheauthor/passage，.(2)Whatcanwelearnabout.?(3)Whatwasthereasonfor.?二、解题技巧“断章取义”定答案第一步：阅读题干，确定关键词，锁定原文相关信息；第二步：定位题干关键词的转换形式；第三步：利用正确选项特征，确定答案。正确选项特征：(1)用同义或近义词复现。如【真题感悟】第21题题干中bookinadvance“提前预定”与原文中“Reserveyourspotbefor
9、eavailabilityandthecherryblossomsdisappear(在有效期和樱花消失前预约)”意思相同，可知答案为A项。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化。简化原文中的复杂语言现象，并设置为答案。(4)反义词复现。把原文中的意思反过来表达。A(2018山东枣庄一模)NatalieTraylingisafamousstreetartistinMelbourne.Atfirst，thosewhohappenedtopassbyherandsparesomechangedidntevenrealizewhatamusical1geniuswasplaying.Theemoti
10、onaltunewasnotonlymasterfullyplayedbutalsocomposedbyNatalieherselfwhenshewasonly14.Gradually，aslongassheappears，peoplewillstop，absorbedinhermusic.Hermusicmakesyouthinkaboutcalmness，thegoodthingsinlife，andnevergivingup.Butwhatpeopledonotknowisthatbehindthebeautifulmusicoftheoldwoman，itisfullofbittern
11、ess.Attheageof12，shewonamusic2scholarshipatSantaMariaCollege.At15sheknockedbackascholarshiptotheRoyalAcademyofMusicinLondonbecauseherparentscouldntpaynon-tuitioncosts.Whensheleftschool，shetaughtpianoatSantaMaria.Latershemetherhusband，Denis.Theyhadfourchildren，butthetwoofthemdied.In1984，Denisaskedfor
12、adivorce.Nataliesson，Nathan，wasgivenmedicationfordepression.NatalielivedeitheroutdoorsinRoyalParkorinboardinghousesfornineyears.Inlate2003Nataliecollapsedwithanaemia(贫血) andwashospitalizedforsixmonths.Forhalfacentury，Nataliehasbeen3teasedbyfate.Butevenso，shenevergaveupherloveformusic.Whenaskedwhymus
13、icwassoimportanttoher，shesaid，“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”WhenNataliewentontheInternet，shebecameasignofMelbourne.Peopleareimpressedbyher4persistenceindreamsandtheoptimismoflife.Nowsheisnolongerwanderingaround.Shecanplaythepianoatanytime，butaslongastheweatherisgood，shewil
14、lwalktothestreetsofMelbourne，andplaya9touchingmelodyfortherushofthecity.1WhyisNataliesmusicsotouchingtothepassers-by?AItisfullofbitterness. BShecomposeditherself.CItsareflectionofherownlife. DItremindsthemofthebeautyoflife.答案D解+析细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句可知，路人听到娜塔莉的演奏都会驻足聆听，因为娜塔莉的乐声让你沉静下来，思考生命中那些美好的事物，让你觉得永远都不
15、要放弃。故选D。2Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“knockedback”inParagraph2?AGaveup. BObtained.CAccepted. DWasawarded.答案A解+析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“becauseherparentscouldntpaynon-tuitioncosts”可知，娜塔莉在15岁时拒绝了伦敦皇家音乐学院的奖学金，因为她的父母负担不起学费以外的费用。故选A。3WhatdoesmusicmeantoNatalie?AItsherhobby.BItsthesourceofhermis
16、fortune.CItispartofherlife.DItsawaytoearnaliving.答案C解+析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”可知，对娜塔莉而言，音乐就是一切，她觉得自己是它的一部分，音乐是全世界。故选C。4Whatdoestheauthortrytotellus?ANatalieisamusicalgenius.BLifeisnoteasyforeveryone.CNevergiveuphalfway.DNataliehasastrongandbraveheart.答案
17、D解+析推理判断题。根据最后一段得知娜塔莉在网上走红后，一下子成了墨尔本的标志。人们被她对梦想的执着和对生活的乐观精神所打动。说明作者想通过本文向我们介绍墨尔本坚强、勇敢的街头艺术家娜塔莉。故选D。B(2018山东泰安质检)Honestyisthebestpolicy.Wemayagreethatadmittingmistakesandbehavinginagenuinewayistherightwaytoleadourlives，butistheresomethinginourhumannaturethatmakesusimmoral？Forexample，insomeshopsandcar
18、parksyoucanfindanhonestyboxaboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinitbutitreliesonyoutoputtherightamountofcashin.Thisreliesonpeoplebeinghonestandnottryingtocheatbutitdoesprovidea5temptationto6getawaywithnotpayingthefullamount.PhilipGraves，apsychologist，suggeststhatthistemptationispartofour7evolut
19、ion.Hesays，“Wehaveevolvedwiththeabilitytobedishonest.Itspartofourevolutionarypsychologicalmake-upbecauseifwecangainanadvantageoverthepeoplearoundus，wehaveagreaterchanceofsurviving.”Sowhydoweplacesuchimportanceonbeinghonestifwebenefitfrombeingdishonest? Itsbecauseitisselfishbehavior.Ifeverybodyacteds
20、elfishlyanddishonestlyallthetime，theworldwouldbeaveryunpleasantplace.AsPhilipGravessays，“Thereisabalancetostrikebetweentheextenttowhichwecanfeatherourownnest，sotospeak，andtheriskofbeingostracized(排斥) bythegroup.”So，forsocietiestoworktogetherweneedtotrusteachotherandthereforeweneedtobehonest.Beingtru
21、stworthywithmoneyisofcoursevitalforaneconomytosurvive.Butbeinghonestwithwordsisanothermatter，sayingwhatwethinktosomeonecangetusintohotwater.However，anewanonymousmessagingapphasbeendesignedthatletsanyonewithalinktoyourprofile(简介) tosendyouamessagewithoutknowingwhoitsfrom.Theappnowhas300millionuserswh
22、ichperhapsindicateshowhonestwereallyliketobebutinallhonesty，doyouwanttoknowwhatpeoplethinkaboutyou? Ishonestyalwaysthebestpolicy?语篇解读这是一篇议论文。在生活、工作中，诚实一定是上策吗？本文讨论了诚实守信是人的本能还是社交生活的必然产物。5Whatdoesanhonestyboxrequirepeopletodo?AGetthechangeoutofitfreely.BPutthecorrectamountofmoneyinit.CDonatethepocketmo
23、neytoothers.DPayalargeramountofmoney.答案B解+析细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，诚实盒子要求人们在盒子里放入正确数目的钱。故选B。6AccordingtoPhilipGraves，beingdishonest.Aisadisadvantage Bshouldbe8advocatedCispartofourevolution Dhelpspeoplesurvivebetter答案C解+析细节理解题。根据第二段Philip Graves的话可知，不诚实是我们进化的一部分。故选C。7WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?ATher
24、easonforbeinghonest.BThebenefitofbeingdishonest.CThe10outcomeofselfishness.DTheimportanceofgroupwork.答案A解+析段落大意题。根据第三段内容尤其是该段首句可知，此段主要向我们叙述要诚实的原因。故选A。8Whatcanweinferfromthetext?AHonestyisalwaysthebestpolicy.BTheauthorisinfavorofdishonesty.CThemarketofthenewappispromising.DBeinghonestwithwordsissomet
25、imesimproper.答案D解+析推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，诚实的话有时候是不恰当的。故选D。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1Chaplinwasnotjustagenius，buthewasamongthemostinfluentialfiguresinfilmhistory.天才2Angelas7,000tuitionatuniversitythisyearwillbepaidforwithscholarships.奖学金3Heteasedthedogbypullingitstail.戏弄4Itrequirestimeandpersistenc
26、e，sostickwithit.毅力；坚持5Resistthetemptationtobuytheitemuntilyourecertainyouneedit.诱惑6Thosewholieandcheatwillnevergetawaywithit.(做了错事)不受惩罚7Thetheoryofevolutionisthescientificideathatplantsandanimalsdevelopandchangegraduallyoveralongperiodoftime.进化8Weadvocatestrictcontrolofpollutiontoprotecttheenvironme
27、nt.提倡(二)同义词语替换9Themovieisaboutasweet，touchingromancestorybetweenagirlandaboyaftertheironlineencounter.moving10Fiveminutesfromtheend，theoutcomeofthematchwasstillindoubt.result.长难句理解1Whenaskedwhymusicwassoimportanttoher，shesaid，“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”句式分析本句话主干为简单句五种句型
28、中的主谓宾结构，主干的主语是she，谓语是said，宾语是直接引语“Musiciseverything.Idofeelpartofit.Thewholeworldismusic.”。Whenaskedwhymusicwassoimportanttoher是状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为Whenshewasaskedwhymusicwassoimportanttoher。精美译文当被问到为什么音乐对她那么重要时，她说：“音乐就是一切，我觉得自己是它的一部分，音乐是全世界。”2Forexample，insomeshopsandcarparksyoucanfindanhonestyboxaboxwh
29、ereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinitbutitreliesonyoutoputtherightamountofcashin.句式分析本句是并列句，第一个简单句是youcanfindanhonestybox；aboxwhereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinit是同位语，对前面的anhonestybox加以解释；whereyoupayforsomethingbyputtingmoneyinit是定语从句。第二个简单句是itreliesonyoutoputtherightamountofcashin。精美译文例如，在一些
30、商店和停车场，你会发现诚实盒子，就是你往里面放你买东西所花的钱的盒子，但是在盒子里放入正确数目的钱这依靠你自己。专题强化练(十四).阅读理解A(2018广西桂林适应性考试)Findingyourfeetinanewtowncanbehard，especiallyifyourecoveredinfuranddontspeakthelanguage.ButforpetsnewtoMarlborough，helpisathand.MarlboroughSPCAandtheRailwayCaf，inBlenheim，havejoinedforcestohelpwelcomepetsandtheirpe
31、opletotheregionwithafortnightlymorningtea.Theyhopethemorningteaswillgettailsandtongueswaggingaswellasgivingadviceonhowtomakethemovesmoother.RailwayCafownerLeanneHarriscameupwiththeinnovative(创新的) planasawaytohelpwelcomepeopletothearea.LeannemovedtoMarlboroughfromAucklandtwoyearsagoandsaidsheinitiallystruggledtofindfriendsandfeelpartofthecommunity.“ComingfromAucklandIthoughtpeoplewouldopentheirdoorsandthattherewouldbeneighbourscallingroundwithcake.Iexpectedpeopletocometomeand，ofcourse，itwasntlikethat.Ididgetlonely
