1、中考英语易混淆词汇辨析中考词汇辨析1 a bit/ a little 这两个词都意为“一点儿”有时可以互换，但有时不能。二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为“一点儿” “有些”。如：1I am a bit / a little hungry. 我有点饿。2He walked a bit / a little slowly. 他走路有点慢。二者都可以作名词词组，充当主语或宾语。如： A little / bit is enough for me. 我有一点儿就够了。 I know only a little / a bit about her. 我对她的情况只了解一点。a
2、 little可直接修饰名词；a bit后须加of才可以。如：1.There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle.注意 a little of 后的名词通常特指，表“中的一些”，如： May I have a little of your tea?. 否定形式 not a little 作状语，相当于very/ quite, “很”， “非常”；作定语和宾语时，相当于much, 意为 “许多”。而not a bit 作状语时，相当于not at all, 意为“一点也不”，作宾语时则相
3、当于not much. Eg:1He is not a little (=very) hungry. 他饿极了。2He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。3She ate not a little (=much). 她吃得很多。. Not a bit 中的not 可以分开使用；not a little中的not 则不能分开。Eg:1He felt not a bit tired. = He didnt feel a bit tired. 他觉得一点也不累。2He felt not a little tired. 他觉得非常累。但不能说：He di
4、dnt fell a little tired.2 a few/ few/ a little/ little. a few和few修饰可数名词，a little和little修饰不可数名词；a few和a little表示肯定意义，few和little表示否定意义，可受only修饰。如： Few people will agree to the plan because its too dangerous.This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.3There is little water l
5、eft in glass. Will you please give me some4Dont worry, we have a little time left.3 above/over/on/upon. 方位介词，“在之上”. above 着重指：在上方，不一定含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为：below.1The sun rose above the horizon. 太阳升到了地平线上。2The aero plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。.over 表盖在上面，或铺在上面。此时不能用above.代替。含有垂直在上的意思。反义词为under.1Spr
6、ead the tablecloth over the table.把桌布铺在桌子上。. on 含有与表面相接触的意思。1The book is on the desk.2There is an oil painting on the wall. 墙上有一幅油画。.upon 也含有和表面相接触的意思。与on没有多大的区别，但较正式，口语中较少用。1He laid his hand upon the boys head. 他把手放在孩子的头上。注 up 与以上几个不同，它表示向上方或高处，含有由下而上，由低而高的意思。常和表示运动的动词连用。作副词时，表示在上方或高处。 We run up a
7、hill. 我们跑上山。 The plane was high up in the air.飞机在高空中。4 accept/receive. accept “接受”，表示其行为是由主观意愿决定的。1I accepted it without question. 我毫无疑问地接受了它。2We have accepted his proposal. 我已接受了他的建议。. receive “接到、收到、受到”表示其行为与主观意愿无关。如：1I received a letter from him. 我收到了他的来信。2He received the present, but he did not
8、accept. 他收到了礼物，但没有接受下来。3He received a good education.他受到了良好的教育。注 在表示接待、接见时，通常用 receive, 而不用 accept.如：We often receive foreign guests. 我们经常接待外宾。5 across/through/ over. across “横过、穿过”，指从的一边到另一边。含义与on有关。如：1I swam across the river. 我游过这条河（指从此岸到彼岸）2Lets help push the cart across the bridge. 我们帮着把车子推过桥吧。.
9、 through “穿过、通过”指穿过两边。是从空间较狭窄的一头穿到另一头。是从内部穿过，含义与in有关。如：1We walked through the forest. 我们穿过森林。2The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西到东流过城市。. over“横过、跨越”指横过道路、河流等“细长物”时，与across通用。Over 虽可指从表面的接触及跳（飞）越，但指渡过则不能用。从房间、原野、海洋等“平面延伸”的一端横越到另一端时也不能使用。而常用across.1She went across / over the bri
10、dge.2He jumped across / over the stream他跳过了小溪。3She swam across the straight of Dover. 她游过了多佛尔海峡。4They drove across the desert. 他们驶过沙漠。另外，over作介词还有“翻过”的意思，如：climb the mountain 翻过那座山。6 afraid/ fear. afraid “害怕”是形容词，只能作表语，而不能作定语，后接of 短语或不定式，构成be afraid of sb. 和be afraid to do sth1She is afraid of a sna
11、ke. 她害怕蛇。2The little girl is afraid to go out at night.afraid +that clause “恐怕”，是婉转拒绝别人的一种表达方式。如：1Im afraid (that) I cant go to the party. My brother is sick. 恐怕我不能去参加聚会了。我弟弟病了。. fear “害怕”是动词，与be afraid 往往通用，但不如它常用（特别是在口语中）。如：1We fear no difficulty.我们不怕困难。2e feared to speak his mind.他不敢说出自己的想法。3Fear
12、ing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.因为怕他会受凉，我走去看他。7feel like / would like.feel like 与would like 意思很相近，但feel like 后面常跟名词；动名词。构成：feel like (doing) sth. 而 would like 一般接名词；动词不定式。构成：would like (to do) sth.的句式。如：1I feel like (having) a drink. = I would like (to have) a drink. 我想喝一杯。2Do yo
13、u feel like talking a walk. = Would you like to take a walk? 你要不要散步？3I dont feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。.feel like 还表示：“觉得好像，摸起来像”。如：1It feels like silk. 它摸起来像绸缎。8. after/behind“在之后”. after “在（时间）之后”；“在（地点）之后”，指次序。如：1He came after ten oclock. 他十点以后来的。2Two days after his arrival, I called on him. 在他到达两天
14、以后，我拜访了他。3Against comes after again in this cictionary.在这本字典中 against 排在again 之后。. behind 表地点时意为：在后面、着重指位置的前后。偶尔也指时间，表按照一定的时刻而迟了的意思。1The garden is behind the house.2He stood behind me.3The train was behind time. 火车误点了。4You are two hours behind. 你迟了两个小时。9. ago/before. ago adv. “以前”指从此刻起，若干时间以前，通常与过去连
15、用。如：1It happened two days ago.这件事发生在两天以前。2I met him a few minutes ago.我在几分钟以前碰到他。. before adv, prep & conj “以前”指从那时起若干时间以前。通常与完成时、过去时等连用。还可用作前置词或连接词表时间，而ago 则不能这样用。1He said that he had seen her two days before.他说他两天前见到过她。（表从她说话那时起两天前）2I had been fine the day before.(那天)前一天的天气很好。3Ive seen that film b
16、efore.4I never met him before.10. agree to/ agree with/ agree on(up on). agree to “同意、应允”通常用于同意某件事情（我们可以同意我们自己有不同看法而并不赞同的事情）。如：1Do you agree to this plan?2He agreed to my proposal.他同意了我的提议。3I agreed to his terms. 我同意了他的条件。. agree with “同意、赞同”常常表示同某人意见一致，也可表赞同某件事情。还有“（气候、食物等）适合”之意。如：1I quite agree wi
17、th you.我很同意你。2Do you agree with me ?3I agree with all you say.我同意你所说的。4His words do not agree with his actions.他言行不一致。5Too much meat doesnt agree with her. 吃太多肉对她身体不合适。注：agree with 不能用于被动语态。. agree on /upon “对取得一致意见”指两方或多方就某个问题取得了一致的意见或达成了某种协议。如：1After discussion the two sides agreed on a cease-fire
18、. 经过讨论，双方就停火问题达成了协议。2They all agree on the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。注：此句型可转换成agree in doing sth.如： All of them agreed on / upon it. = All of them agreed in doing it. 他们对做这个问题达成了共识。11 at times / at all times / all the time. at times “不时；偶尔”如：1The tide is , at times, very high. 潮水有时涨得高。2I make mistakes at tim
19、es when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。. at all times.“随时；任何时候；总是” 如：He has a cool head at all times. 他随时都有清醒的头脑。. all the time “一直；始终” 其中time用单数形式。如：The baby cries all the time. 那婴儿一直哭。12. alive/ living/ the living/ live/ dead. alive adj“活着的”“在世的”，它既可修饰人也可修饰物。可作表语，定语。作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词之后。如：1They were alive
20、 and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着，并跟以前一样快活。2All the other comrades were killed in the battle. He was the only man alive. 所有的同志都还活着亡了，他是唯一的幸存者。.living adj,“活着的”主要用着定语，常置于名词前，有时也可置于名词后。也可作表语。如：1Every living person has a name. 每个活着的人都有一个名字。2No man living could do better. 当代人没有一个能做得比这更好。. the living “活着的人”如
21、：The living are more important to us than the dead. 对我们来说活着的人比死了的人更重要。. live adj. “活着的”读着laiv,反义词为 dead, 可作定语，放在所修饰的名词之前，一般不用来修饰人。 还可以作动词，读着liv, 意为“生活”、“生存”如：1The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。 2Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China. 熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。. lively a
22、dj. laivli(livelier, liveliest) “生动的”；“活泼的”；“充满生气的”用作表语或定语，可用来修饰人或物。如：The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games. 运动场上进行着各种球类比赛，呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。13. all/ every. all 和 every 意思十分相近，二者都可用来泛指人或物。但all可与算数的名词连用，而every 只能与单数的名词连用。如：1All Mondays are horrible. 星期一总是可怕的。2Every Monday is horrible. 每
23、个星期一都是可怕的。. all 和 every 也可用来指某一类东西中的个体。但all 后跟the 或其它“限定词”，而every后却不能。它往往强调无一例外的意思。-She is eaten all the biscuitsbiskit. What, every one? Every single one! 她把饼干都吃光了。怎么，把每一块都吃光了吗？每一块全都吃了！. all 还可和单数名词连用，表示every past of 而every却不能有此义。如：She was here all day. 她在这呆了一整天。14. all/ whole. 二者意义（“全部、都、整个”）相同，然而
24、词序不同。. all用于冠词，所有格或其它“限定词”之前。 whole 则用于冠词之后。如：1all the time. the whole time.全部时间2all my life the whole life.我的一生3all this confusion this whole confusion.整个混乱状况。. 如果没有冠词，或其它限定词，whole不能与单数名词连用。可以说：1The whole city was burning.但不能说：2Whole London was burning.whole 和 all 与复数名词连用时意思不同。Whole 的意思为“全部”，而all的意
25、思则近乎“每一个”如：1All Indian tribes(traib部首 ) suffered from white settlement in America. 所有印第安人部首都因白人移民美洲而遭殃。2Whole Indian tribes were killed off. 有些印第安人部落整个被杀光了。. whole 一般不用来修饰不可数名词（包括物质名词）1可以说：all the money 或all the wine2不可以说：the whole money 或the whole wine.3The whole of = whole 与单数名词连用。它用于冠词、所有格之前。the
26、whole of the time. the whole of my lifethe whole of this confusion16 almost/ nearly. almost“差不多、几乎”有very, nearly 的意思。如：1He has almost finished his work. 他差不多完成了他的工作。2Almost no one took any rest. 几乎没有一个人休息一下。. nearly “差不多、几乎、将近”指一差距一般比almost 大。如：1Its nearly five oclock.差不多五点钟了。2Nearly everyone knows
27、it. 几乎每个人都知道这个。3Hes nearly ready. 他快准备好了。注：almost有时可与nearly通用，但当其与no, none, nothing, never连用时，不用nearly。如以上almost的例可以互换，但例则不能。17 alone/ lonely. alone adj. “单独的”只能作表语。如：1Im alone but I dont fell lonely. 我单身一人但我从不觉得孤独。2此外alone 还可作副词。相当于by oneself,“单独地”“独自”3Ill go there alone.我将独自去那儿。. lonely adj. “孤独的”
28、“寂寞的”有时还可表示“荒凉的”“无人烟的”意思,与deserted意思相同。含有较浓的情感色彩。既可作定语也可作表语。如：1Were together most of the time, so we never feel lonely.2a lonely / deserted island18 aloud/ loud/ loudly. aloud adv. “出声地”有使能听得到的意味。如：1Please read the story aloud. 请朗读这个故事。2They were shouting aloud.他们在高声地呼喊。. loud. adv “高声地、大声地、响亮地”常指在说
29、笑等方面。如：1Dont talk so loud. 不要如此高声地谈话。2Speak louder. 说得大声点。. loudly adv. “高声地”有时与loud 通用，但含有喧闹的意味。如：1Someone knocked loudly at the door. 有人大声敲门。2Dont talk so loudly（loud）. 不要如此高声地谈话。19 already/ yet /still. already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中，通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。也可用于疑问句，但不表真心的疑问，而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于句末。如：1Ive see
30、n the film already.2The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。3Have you already had breakfast? 难道你已经吃过早餐了？. yet adv “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句，且常常置于句末。如：1He hasnt found his bike yet他还没有找到他的自行车。. still adv “仍然、还”可用于各种句中，且一般只用于句中。如：1Do you still teach in that school? 你还在那所学校教书？注：still在句中的位置不同，其意义也不同。如： He is sti
31、ll（还）standing there.2He is standing there still（adj.不动的、静止的）他站在那儿一动也不动。20 also/ as well/ too/ either “也”. also较正式，位置通常靠近动词，用于句中；且用于肯定句中。如：1He also plays football. 他也踢足球。2I was also there.我也在那儿。. too 多用于口语，通常置于句末，前边须用逗号隔开，也可用于句中，且前后均须用逗号隔开，；用于肯定句中。如：1He is a worker, too.2The two cows, too, are white.那两头奶牛也全都是白的。. as well 是副词短语，多用于口语，只用于句末。如：1She not
