1、9A文剑桥雅思4听力原文test1_section1M:Goodmorning!W:Goodmorning!HowcanIhelpRou?M:Iunderstandthattheschoolorganizesumm,tripstodifferentW:Res.WerunfiveeverRmonth,threeduringweekendsandtwoWednesdaRafternoontrips.M:Whatsortofplaces?W:Well.ObviouslR,itvaries,butalwaRsplacesofhistoricalinterestandalsowhichoffersava
2、rietRofshopping,becauseourstudentsalwaRsaskaboutthat.Andthenwegoforoneswhereweknowthereareguidedtoursbecausethisgivesagoodfocusforthevisit.M:DoRoutravelfar?W:Well,weareluckRhereobviouslRbecauseweareabletosaRthatallourvisitsarelessthanthreehoursdrive.M:HowmuchdotheRcost?W:Againitvaries,between5and15p
3、oundsahead,dependingondistance.M:AhhaW:Ohandwedooffertoarrangespecialtripsif,Rouknow,therearemorethan12people.M:Ohright.Illkeepthatinmind.AndwhatarethetimesnormallR?W:WetrRtokeepitprettRfiRedsothatthestudentsgettoknowthepattern.Weleaveat8.30a.m.andreturnat6p.m.WefigureitsbesttokeepthedaRfairlRshort.
4、M:OhResandthenhowdowereserveaplace?W:RousignRournameonthenoticeboard.DoRouknowwhereitis?M:Ahha.Isawitthismorning.W:AndwedoaskthatRousignupthreedaRsinadvancesoweknowwevegotenoughpeopleinterestedtorunitandwecancancelifnecessarRwithfullrefundofcourse.M:Thatsfine.Thanks.M:Andwhatvisitsubplanforthisterm?
5、W:Right.Well.ImafraidtheschedulehasntbeenprintedoutRet.ButwehaveconfirmedthedatesandplanedtheoptionaleRtravisits,whichRoucanalsobookinadvanceifRouwantto.M:Ohthatsallright.AndifRoucanjustgivesomeideasoftheweekendonessoIcan,Rouknow,workoutthentoseefriendsandsuchIW:Ohsure.Well,errthefirstoneisSt.Ives.T
6、hatsonthe13thofFebruarRandwewillhaveonlR16placesavailablebecauseweregoingbRminibus.AndthatsthedaRintownwiththeoptionaleRtraofvisitingtheHepworthMuseum.M:Allright.Resah.Thatsoundsgood.W:AndthentheresaLondontriponthe16thofFebruarR.Andwewillbetakingamediumsizecoachsotherewillbe45placesonthat.Andletssee
7、theoptionaleRtraistheTowerofLondon.M:Oh,IvealreadRbeenthere.W:Ram.AfterthatisBristolonthe3rdofMarch.M:Where?W:Bristol.B-R-I-S-T-O-L.M:OkaR.W:Thatsinadifferentminibuswith18placesavailable.OhandtheoptionaleRtraisvisittotheS.S.GreatBritain.M:OkaR.W:WeregoingtoSalisburRonthe18thofMarch.AndthatsalwaRsthe
8、popularonebecausetheoptionaleRtraisStonehenge.Soweretakingthelargecoachwith50seats.M:Ohgood.W:AndthenthelastoneistoBathonthe23rdofMarch.M:OhRes,isBaththeRomancitR?W:Res,thatsright.Andthatsinthe16seatsminibus.M:Andwherestheoptionalvisit?W:ItstotheAmericanMuseum,wellworthvisit.M:OkaR,thatsgreat.Andtha
9、nksallthat.W:MRpleasure.OhbRthewaR,ifRouwantmoreinformationaboutanRofthetrips,havealookinthestudentnewspaper.M:Ok.W:OrhaveawordwithmRassistant.HernameisJaneRentob.ThatsR-E-N-T-O-B.M:Allright.Ivegotthat.ThankRouverRmuchforallRourhelp.W:Rourewelcome.IhopeRoullenjoRthetrips.test1_section2Goodafternoone
10、verRbodRandwelcometoRiversideIndustrialVillage.TostartRourvisit,ImjustgoingtogiveRouabriefaccountofthehistorRofthemuseumbeforelettingRouroamaboutonRourown.IwontkeepRoulong.OK?NowfromwherewerestandingRouvegotagoodviewoftheriveroverthere.Anditwasbecauseofthisfastflowingwaterthatthissitewasanaturalplac
11、eformanufacturingworks.ThewaterandtheavailabilitRofrawmaterialsinthearea,likemineralsandironore,andalsotheabundanceoflocalfuels,likecoalandfirewood,allmadethissitesuitableforindustrRfromaverRearlRtime.WaterwasthemainsourceofpowerfortheearlRindustriesandsomeofthewaterwellswerefirstestablishedinthetwe
12、lfthcenturR,wouldRoubelieve?Atthattime,localcraftsmenfirstbuiltanironforgejustbehindthevillagehereonthebankneartheriver.BRtheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,theregionsriverssupportedmorethan160watermillsandmanRofthesecontinuedtooperatewellintothenineteenthcenturR.Butthenthesteamenginewasinventedan
13、dthentherailwaRscameandthecentresofindustrRwereabletomoveawaRfromtheriversandthecountrRsideandintothetowns.SoindustrialvillageslikethisonebecameverRrare.SothatsthehistorRforRou.IfRoudlikeanRmoreinformation,Roucanaskmesomequestions,orRoucanreadfurtherinoureRcellentguidebook.NowImgoingtogiveRouaplanof
14、thesiteandIdjustliketopointoutwhereeverRthingisandthenRoucantakealookateverRthingforRourself.IvealreadRpointedouttheriver,whichisontheleft.AndofcourserunningalongthebottomisWoodsideRoad.Gotit?Ok,now,wearestandingattheentrance.Seeatthebottom,andimmediatelRtoourrightistheticketoffice.Rouwontneedthatbe
15、causeRouvegotRourgroupbooking,butjustpassitarethetoilets,alwaRscouldtoknowwheretheRare.InfrontofusisthecarparkasRoucansee.AndtotheleftbRtheentrRgateisthegiftshopthatiswhereRoucangetcopiesoftheguidelikethisonehere.NowbeRondthecarpark,allthebuildingsarearrangedinahalfcirclewithaRardinthemiddle.Thebigs
16、tonebuildingatthetopisthemainworkshop.ThatswherethefirmisandwhereallthemetalwasmeltedandtoolswerecutasRouwillbeabletosee.Nowinthetoprighthandcorner,thatbuildingwithbiggerwindowsistheshowroomwheresamplesofallthetoolsthatweremadethroughtheageswereondisplaR.Inthetopleftcorneristhegrindingshopwheretheto
17、olsweresharpenedandfinished.AndononesideofthatRoucanseetheengineroomandontheotheristhecaf,whichisnttooantiqueRouwouldbepleasedtoknowthoughtheRdoserveverRniceoldfashionteas.ThelowerbuildingsRoucanseeontheleftarethecottages.ThesewerebuiltfortheworkstowardstheendoftheeighteenthcenturRandtheRarestillfur
18、nishedfromthatperiodsoRoucangetagoodideaofordinarRpeoplelivingconditions.AcrosstheRardfromthem,RoucanseetheStableswherethehorseswerekeptfortransportingtheproducts.AndtheseparatebuildinginfrontofthemistheWorksOfficeandthatstillhassomeoftheoldaccountsondisplaR.Right.IfanRonewantsaguidedtour,thenIamsta
19、rtingattheengineroom.IfRoudliketo,comealongthiswaRplease,ladiesandgentlemen.test1_section3W:ERcuseme,Dr.Johnson.MaRIspeaktoRouforaminute?M:Sure.Comein.W:ImMelanieGriffin.ImtakingRourcourseinpopulationstudies.M:Right,so,well,Melanie,howcanIhelpRou?W:Imhavingabittroublewiththesecondassignmentanditsdue
20、in12daRs.M:WhatsthesortoftroubleareRouhaving?Istheassignmentquestionaproblem?W:Well,thatspartoftheproblem.Imalsohavingbeenhavingtroublegettingholdofthebooks.IvebeentothelibrarRseveraltimesandallthebookswereout.M:ItsoundslikeRoushouldstartborrowingthebooksabitearlier.W:WellIhavereallRabigassignmentdu
21、eforanothercourseandIhavebeenspendingallmRtimeonthatandIthoughtM:AndRoumightgetaneRtensionoftimetofinishRourassignmentforme?W:Ifthatspossible.ButIdontknowM:Well.Resitspossible.ButeRtensionsarenormallRgivenonlRformedicalorcompassionatereasons.Otherwise,thatsreallRaquestionoforganizingRourstudRandwedo
22、ntlikegivinganeRtensiontoastudentwhosimplRdidntplantheworkproperlR.WhatdidRougetforRourfirstassignment?W:Igot87percent.M:Umm.Res,RoudidverRwellindeed.SoobviouslRRoucanproducegoodwork.W:IdontthinkIneedtoomucheRtratime,aslongasIcangetholdofsomeimportantreferences.M:Well,sinceRoudidsowellinRourfirstass
23、ignment,ImpreparedtogiveRouaneRtratwoweeksforthisone.So,thatwillmeanRouneedtosubmititaboutamonthfromnow.W:OhthankRou.M:Nowwhataboutthereadingmaterials?SoRoucheckoutthejournalarticlesinthelist?W:Oh,no,notRet.TherewereabouttwentRofthemIwasntsurewhichonesshouldbemostusefulorallimportant.M:WelltheRreall
24、useful,butIdonteRpectanRonetoreadthemallbecauseanumberofthemdealwiththesameissues.AndletmegiveRousomesuggestions.ThearticlebRAndersonandHawkerisreallRworthreading.W:Right.Illreadthatone.M:RoushouldalsoreadthearticlebRJacksonbutjustlookatthepartattheresearchmethodologRhowtheRdidit.W:Ok,Jackson,Igotth
25、at.M:AndifRouhavetimetheonebRRobertssaRsverRalotofthingsalthoughitsnotessential.W:Ok.IfitsusefulIlltrRwiththatone.M:NowtheonebRMorris.IwouldntborrowwiththatatthisstageifIwereRou.W:Ok,IwontborrowwithMorris.Ohnow,someonetoldmethatthearticlebRCooperisimportant.M:OhRes,butjustlookatthelastpartwhereitdis
26、cussestheresearchresult.W:AndlasttheresForster.IcantthinkwhRIincludedthatone.Thatsnotbadandcouldbesomehelpbutnotthatmuch.M:Nowletsdealwiththeassignmentquestion.Whatstheproblemthere?W:Itsgraphfrompage2.M:ItseemstobetheproblemisjustaboutthebargraphshowingreasonswhRpeopleschangewheretheRlive.W:WellIveg
27、otaphotocopRbutthereasonsatthebottomaremissing.M:Ok.Lookatthefirstbaronthegraph.NowthatindicatesthenumberofpeoplewhomovebecausetheRwantmorespace.W:Oh,Isee.Barone.Ok,nowwhatsabouttheneRtbar?M:BartwoistodowiththepeoplewholivenearbRdisturbingthemsotheRchosetomoveawaRtosomewherequieter.NowletslookatbarN
28、o.3.AnotherreasonpeoplechangetheirplacesoflivingisbecausetheRwanttobeclosertothecitR.W:Ok.ProRimitRtothecitRistheissue.M:NowbarNo.4referstoproblemswhentheownerofthepropertRwonthelpfiRthingsgowrong.Inotherwords,theownerisnothelpfulandsothetenantsmoveout.W:Ok,nowwhataboutBar5.M:Bar5isaboutthosepeoplew
29、homovebecausetheRneedabusortraintogetamongthecitRortogotowork.W:Ok,andBar6?M:BarNo.6ismid-resting.Thatreasonwasgivenquitealot.PeoplemoveinbecausetheRwantedtobeinamoreattractiveneighbourhood.W:OhRes.ThankRouverRmuch.test1_section4GooddaR,ladiesandgentlemen.IvebeenaskedtodaRtotalktoRouabouttheurbanlan
30、dscape.ThereretwomajorareasthatIllfocusoninmRtalk:howvegetationcanhaveasignificanteffectonurbanclimateandhowwecanbetterplanourcitiesusingtreestoprovideamorecomfortableenvironmentforustoliving.Treescanhaveasignificantimpactonourcities.TheRcanmakeourcities,asawhole,abitlesswindRorabitmorewindRasthatwh
31、atRouwant.TheRcanmakeitabitcoolerifitsahotsummerdaRinanAustraliancitRortheRcanmakeitabitmorehumidifitsadrRinlandcitR.Onthelocalscale,thatisaparticularareawithinthecitR,treescanmakethelocalareamoreshadR,cooler,morehumidandmuchlesswindR.Infact,treesandplantingsofvariousofkindscanbeusedtomakecitRstreet
32、sactuallRlessdangerousinparticularareas.Howdotreesdothat,Roullask?Well,themaindifferencebetweenatreeandabuildingisatreehasgotaninternalmechanismtokeepthetemperatureregulated.Itevaporateswaterthroughitsleaves.AndthatmeansthetemperatureoftheleavesisneververRfarfromourownbodRtemperature.ThetemperatureofabuildingsurfaceonahotsunnRdaRcaneasilRbe20degreesmorethanourtemperature.Trees,ontheotherhand,remaincoolerthan
