1、英美文学选读自学笔记37页1爱考题目：英国文学部分： 1 Chapter 1 文艺复兴的特点有哪些？ Shakespeare 的戏剧独白分析 2 Chapter 2 新古典主义与浪漫主义的区别 3 Chapter 3 Wordsworth创作的原理以及思想特点 Jane Austen的创作风格以及作品介绍 Chapter 4 Jane Eyre的性格分析 关于George Eliot, Thomas Hardy, Lawrence and Dreiser四者的自然主义(Naturalism) 的思想.(各自的代表作品分析 , 人物性格分析以及作品的理论) 5 Chapter 5 结合美国文学部
2、分的第三章（现代主义）和英国文学部分现代主义时期各自的影响理论 T.S. Eliots “The love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”的作品分析 美国文学部分: 1 Chapter 1 Emersons Transcendentalism Hawthorne and Melville 的象征主义手法/ Hawthorne的写作特点(结合Yong Goodman Brown ) 2 Chapter 2 Mark Twains Local Colorism 3 Chapter 3 Hemmingways writing style Faulkners A Rose fo
3、r Emily (Emily的人物性格分析前言: 配合该笔记，看看选读的文章，有个大概的印象就行了。学会对文章进行分析是考查的最终目标。本人判断力不错，但记忆力不好,考前看了两遍，考了68分。如果能记下要点，应该会考得更好。这次考试的40小题选择题我做对了32题。最后,希望我整理的笔记能提高大家的学习效率,Period Life TimeNameCN NameWritingsCN WritingsThe Romantic period1782-1859Washington Irving 华盛顿.欧文The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent.The Leg
4、end of Sleep HollowRip Van Winkle见闻札记睡谷传奇瑞普.凡.温克尔Ralph Waldo Emerson拉尔夫.瓦尔多.爱默生Nature The American ScholarSelf-RelianceThe Oversoul论自然论美国学者论自助论超灵Nathaniel Hawthorne纳萨尼尔.霍桑The Scarlet LetterThe House of the Seven GablesYoung Goodman Brown红字七个尖角阁的房子年轻人古德蒙.布朗Walt Whitman华尔特.惠特曼Leaves of GrassDemocratic
5、 VistasThere Was a Child Went ForthCavalry Crossing a FordSong of Myself草叶集名主展望有个天天向前走的孩子骑兵过河自我之歌Herman Melville赫尔曼.麦尔维尔Bartleby, The ScrivnerThe Confidence ManBilly BuddMoby Dick巴特尔比自信者比利.巴德莫比.迪克Mark Twain马克.吐温The Adventures of Tom SawyerAdventures of Huckleberry FinnA Connecticut Yankee in King Ar
6、thurs Court汤姆.索亚历险记哈克贝利.费恩历险记亚瑟王朝中的康涅狄格北方佬Henry James亨利.詹姆斯The AmericanThe Portrait of a LadyThe Turn of the ScrewThe Wing of the DoveDaisy Miller美国人贵妇画像拧紧螺丝鸽翼黛西.米勒Emily Dickinson艾米莉.狄金森I Died for Beautybut Was ScarceApparently with No SurpriseTell All the Truth but Tell it SlantThis is my letter to
7、 the worldI Heard a Fly Buzz When I DiedI like to see it lap the MilesBecause I could not stop for Death我为美而死，但还未.显然没有惊奇说出所有的真理，但切莫直言这是我写给世界的信当我死的时候，我听到苍蝇在嗡嗡叫我爱看它舔食一哩又一哩因为我不能停步等候死神Theodore Dreiser西奥多.德莱塞The FinancierThe TitanAn American TragedyThe StoicSister Carrie金融家巨人美国的悲剧斯多噶嘉莉妹妹Ezra Pound埃兹拉.庞德H
8、ugh Selwyn MauberleyThe CantosIn a Station of the MetroThe River-Merchants Wife: A LetterA Pact休.赛尔温.莫伯利诗章在地铁车站河商的妻子合同Robert Lee Frost罗伯特.弗罗斯特A Boys WillNorth of BostonMountain IntervalNew HampshireAfter Apple-PickingThe Road Not TakenStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening一个男孩的意愿波斯顿以北山间低地新罕布什尔摘苹果之后没有走
9、的路雪夜林边驻脚Eugene ONeil尤金.奥尼尔Beyond the HorizonThe Emperor JonesThe Iceman ComethLong Days Journey into NightThe Hairy Ape天边外琼斯皇帝送冰的人来了长夜漫漫路迢迢毛猿F. Scott Fitzgerald弗.斯科特.菲茨杰拉德This Side of ParadiseTender Is the NightThe Great Gatsby人间天堂夜色温柔了不起的盖茨比English literatureI Old English Literature -(4501066)two g
10、roups : religious -on biblical themes - Secular - heroic age - - a protector of people ,fight against the nature.II Medieval period -(1066-14th Century)Fame :1066 Norman conquest - three changesfeudalism system established ( politically ) - Catholic Church ( Religiously ) - French, Latin, English (c
11、o-existed language )In comparison with old English literature: (1) wider range of subjects (2) themes concerned with the personal salvation (3) romance love (4) the language is simple and straightforward The epic reflects a heroic age ,the romance reflects a chivalric one 骑士Chaucer : 1 titles: the E
12、nglish Homer , the father of English poetry (from), 2 verse : first use heroic couplet , realistic picture of his time , vivid characters from all works of his life , the characters are both typical and individual, his ideas is to pursue earthly happiness, opposed asceticism 禁欲主义, advocate humanism,
13、 replace alliterative verse with rhymed stanzas (古英语的押头韵变成 中世纪的押尾韵) first use rhymed heroic couplet octosyllabic 八音节诗3.novel: the first modern novel.III Renaissance (14th17th)Fame : move from feudalist ideas to the interest of rising bourgeoisie. recover from corruption of the Roman Catholic Church
14、to the purity of the earthly church .England : the reign of Henry VIII -Englands Golden Age in literature - Bibles in English instead of Latin readable for common people - literary giants : Shakespeare ,Spenser ,Jonson Sidney, Marlowe ,Bacon ,and DonneThe time of Tudos - change monasteries修道院 into s
15、chools and universities - the English Renaissance flourishing -first introduced printing into England and translated books in English(by William Caxton)Traits of humanistic poetry : meter, rhyme, scheme, imagery and argument should be combined to frame the emotional theme. Poetry was to be a concent
16、rated exercise of the mind , if craftsmanship and of learning. The most famous dramatists : Shakesperar , Ben Jonson, and Marlowe Writers : Wyatt (introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England)Surrey (brought in blank verse)Sidney (brought in sestina and terza rima)Marlowe(brought mighty lines to th
17、e blank verse )Spenser( pastoral convention )John Donne, George Herbert ( metaphysical poets)Francis Bacon (the first important English essayist, the founder of modern science in England)I Edmund SpensorFame: Spenserian Stanza，the poets poet(他的诗节被称为“斯宾塞诗节”，他被称为“诗人中之诗人”) 选读 (Poem)contains 12 books, s
18、peaks of 12 virtues of the private gentleman, each of which tells a knight. Arthurthe heros of heros-plays a role in each of the 12 major adventures, serve as a unifying element. The theme is Fierce Wares and faithful loves.The knight here symbolized the Church (Anglican) , is the protector of Una (
19、the Virgin) .Una stands for the true religion. Qualities of Spensors poetry: 1. a perfect melody (music sense) 2.a rare sense of beauty 3. a splendid imagination 4.a lofty moral purity and seriousness. 5.a dedicated idealismII. Christopher MarloweFame: be regarded as University Wits. Perfected the b
20、lank verse, brought strong emotion into the blank verse. He created the Renaissance hero for English drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition. (but his verse is not strong in dramatic construction and women s characters are rather pale)Plays: (the name of an ambitious ancien
21、t emperor. He rose from a shepherd to an overpowering king through his own effort. By depicting such a great king, Marlow voiced the desire of the man of the Renaissance for infinite power and authority. ) 选读 (Faustus is longing for knowledge and finally sells his souls to the evil. It celebrates th
22、e human passion for knowledge ,power and happiness) Poetry: (It deprives from the pastoral tradition , in which the shepherd enjoys an ideal country life, cherishing a pure affection for his love.)III. William Shakespeare (15641616)Background: from merchants family .父亲是个当地镇里的多面手，有点名气。他的戏剧分早期、中期，中晚期和
23、晚期。（I，II，III，IV）.他的作品很多，影响很大。T: I Five history plays and four comedies. 历史剧 Henry VI, Parts I,II ( It reveals a troubled reign in the 15th century, Shakespeares mounted over the loss of English territories in France. He condemns the War of the Roses , in which innocent people were killed) II Five hi
24、story plays ,six comedies and two tragedies喜剧：（an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine., and Shylock as an evil figure ） )悲剧： (eulogizes the faithfulness of love and spirit of pursuing happiness ,though a trage
25、dy, is permeated with optimistic spirit) , III His greatest four tragedies (each of the characterss fates is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. Each of them has his weakness of nature. ) 选读（the first of the greatest tragedies, most popular play on the stage. It has the qualities of
26、 a blood and thunderthriller and a philosophical exploration of life and death. Hamlet is a melancholic 优柔寡断prince,who is too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of revenger. Shakespeares condemns the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption at the royal court） (the ol
27、d King Lear suffers form treachery背叛and infidelity不忠)(Othellos inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force)(Macbeth s lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to endless crimes.) two dark comedies ()IV Romantic tragicomedies: (the best of his final romances,it is a typical exam
28、ple of Shakespeare s pessimistic view toward human life and society in his late years. He wishes to solve the conflict by dreams and supernatural power)., , Two final plays: Henry VIII , The Two Noble Kinsmen.Poems long narrative poems : , . Sequence of 154 sonnets: 选读 (Shakes has a faith in the permanence of poetry. A nice summers day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry in poetry can last for ever.艺术的美常存)艺术特征人物塑造1 He employs soliloquies独白 in his plays to fully reveal the inner conflict of his characters.2. He portr
