1、新编简明英语语言学教程第一次Quiz of LinguisticsI. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. ( T )2. Linguistics studies particular language, not language in general. ( F )3. A scientific study of language is based on w
2、hat the linguist thinks. ( F )4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts. ( T )5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole. ( T )6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of ot
3、her areas, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methods applicable in any linguistics study. ( F )7. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive. ( F )8. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar. ( T )9. A diachronic study of languag
4、e is the description of language at some point in time. ( F ) 10. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by Saussure. ( F )II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given. 1. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal users knowledge
5、of the rules of his language. 2. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules. 3. Duality is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenom
6、enon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. 4. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 5. Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 6. Findings in linguistic st
7、udies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such application is generally known as applied linguistics. 7. Language is productive in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and
8、understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before. 8. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 9. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive. 10. Modern linguistics regar
9、ds the written language as secondary. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. 1. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A. arbitrariness B. displacement C. duality D. Meaningfulness2. In modern linguistics,
10、 speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because_.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires his mother tongueD. all of the a
11、bove. 3. A historical study of language is a _ study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative4. Saussure took a(n) _ view of language, while Chomsky looks at language from a _ point of view. A. sociological, psychological B. psychological, sociological C. applied, prag
12、maticD. semantic, linguistic5. According to Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A. parole B. performance C. langue D. language6. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meaning. A. sense B.
13、 sounds C. objects D. ideas7. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called_.A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission 8. The details of any language system is passed on from one generation to the next
14、through _rather than by instinct. A. learning B. teaching C. books D. both A and B9. Which of the following words is not motivated?A. bang B. blackboard C. pen D. meow 10. What is the function of the sentence: “Hi! How are you this morning?”A. emotive function B. conative function C. poetic function
15、 D. phatic function IV. Terms explanation 1. linguistics : Linguistic is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2. language : Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.3. arbitrariness : This means that there is no logical connection between meanings
16、 and sounds.4. productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction of new signals by its users.5. displacement: Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.6. langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic s
17、ystem shared by all the members of a speech community.7. parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use.8. competence: The ideal users knowledge of the rules of his language.9.performance: The actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.10. duality: Language is
18、 a system, which consists of two sets of structures ,or two levels.V. Short answer questions1. What are the design features of human language? Illustrate them with examples. 2. How is modern linguistics different from traditional grammar?3. How do you understand the distinction between a synchronic
19、study and a diachronic study?4. What are the major distinction between langue and parole?5. How do you understand competence and performance?6. Saussures distinction between langue and parole seems similar to Chomskys distinction between competence and performance. What do you think are their major
20、differences?7. Do you think human language is entirely arbitrary? Why? 8. What are the main functions of language according to Jacobsons framework?9. Explains the three macrofunctions of language in Hollidays system.10. What are the major branches of linguistics? What does each of them study?第二 Quiz
21、 of Linguistics I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False.1. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. (T)2. Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chines
22、e and English. (T)3. A phone is a phonetic unit that distinguishes meaning. (F)4. English is a tone language while Chinese is not. (F)5. Of all the speech organs, the lips are the most flexible. (F)6. A phoneme can be represented by different phones in specific phonetic contexts. (T)7. The four soun
23、ds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all bilabial. (T)8.When pitch,stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation,they are collectively known as intonation. (T)9. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds tdszn share t
24、he feature of palatal. (F)10. In such sound combinations as /bi:p/, /geip/ and /su:p/, the voiceless stop /p/, occurring in the final position, is unaspirated, i.e. pronounced with the strong puff of air withheld to some extent. (F)II. Multiple Choice Items 1. Articulatory phonetics mainly studies_D
25、_.A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speechB. the perception of soundsC. the combination of sounds D. the production of sounds2. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in _B_A. the place of articulation B. the obstruction of airstreamC. the position of the tongue D. the
26、 shape of the lips3. What is the common factor of the three sounds: p, k, t? AA. voiceless B. spread C. voiced D. nasal4. What phonetic feature distinguishes the /p/ in “please” and the /p/ in “speak”? BA. voicing B. aspiration C. roundness D. nasality5. Which of the following is not a distinctive f
27、eature in English? DA. voicing B. nasal C. approximation D. aspiration 6. The phonological features of the consonant /k/ are _B_.A. voiced stop B. voiceless stop C. voiced fricative D. voiceless fricative7. /p/ is different from /k/ in _D_.A. the manner of articulation B. the shape of the lipsC. the
28、 vibration of the vocal cords D. the place of articulation 8. Vibration of the vocal cords results in _D_.A. aspiration B. nasality C. Obstruction D. Voicing 9. Of the three branches of phonetics,the longest established,and until recently the most highly developed,is _C_ phonetics.A. auditory B. aco
29、ustic C. articulatory D. none of the above three10. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds tdszn share the feature of _B_.A. palatal B. alveolarC. bilabial D. dentalIII. Term Explanation 1. phoneme A phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. It i
30、s an abstract unit. It is not any particular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context.2. allophone The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the allophones of that phoneme.3. phonology Phon
31、ology studies the system of sounds of a particular language; it aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.4. phonetics Phonetics is of a general nature；it is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages; how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified.5. supersegmental features The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are calledsuprasegmental features.IV.
