1、英语名词单数变复数规则英语名词单数变复数规则英语名词单数变复数的规则一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化：统一加读iz。例：busbuses; quizquizzes; foxfoxes; matchmatches; flashflashes三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。读音变化：加读z
2、。例：candycandies; daisydaisies; fairyfairies; ladyladies; storystories四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。读音变化：加读z。例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; torpedotorpedoes; bingobingoes反例：silosilos; pianopianos（外来词）; photophotos; macromacros（缩写词）五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。读音变化：尾音f改读vz。例：knifekn
3、ives; lifelives; leafleaves; staffstaves; scarfscarves反例：roofroofs六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。读音变化：尾音Es改读ai，其中kEs要改读为sai，gEs要改读为dVai。例：fungusfungi; abacusabaci; focusfoci; cactuscacti; cestuscesti七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。读音变化：尾音is改读i:z。例：axisaxes; basisbases; narisnares; hypothesishypotheses;
4、 restisrestes八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。读音变化：尾音iks改读isi:z。例：matrixmatrices; directrixdirectrices; calixcalices; appendixappendices 反例：affixaffixes九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。读音变化：去掉鼻尾音。例：forumfora; stadiumstadia; aquariumaquaria; datumdata; vacuumvacua十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。读音变化：尾音E改读i:。例：larvalarvae
5、; formulaformulae; alaalae; mediamediae; hydrahydrae十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。读音变化：保持原音。例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; salmonsalmon十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。读音变化：没有规律。例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; oxoxen十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：例：oxoxen; childchildren; brotherbrethren十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番
6、,才能变成复数词例：analysisanalyses分析; basisbases基础; datumdata数据; footfeet;formulaformulae/formulas公式; goosegeese; louselice虱子; manmenmousemice; mediummedia/mediums媒介; memorandummemoranda/memorandums备忘录;parenthesisparentheses 圆括号; phenomenonphenomena现象; radiusradii 半径toothteeth; womanwomen十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的例：d
7、eer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;traffic交通十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀trousers长裤; wages工资十八、compound nouns，这类复数
8、词是以主要的名词来表示例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父man-of-warmen-of-war兵舰; maid-servantmaid-servantsstep-sonstep-sons晚子; son-in-lawsons-in-law十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes
9、（各种）鱼二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes 但下面几类词只加s：1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词如:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,z
10、oos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos 2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos 3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos 有个别词加两种词尾都可新目标英语八年级（上）期末试题（二）.释义 从下列选项中，选出一个与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的答案。（5分）（ ）1. We got over 1000 letters , faxes and e-mails from our readers. A. some B. m
11、ore C. more than D. many（ ）2. I have to go to a meeting. A. must B. has to C. need D. had to （ ）3. Please take care of yourself. A. look for B. look at C. look after D. look over（ ）4. How about going fishing ? A. What about B. Why not C. Why dont D. Shall we（ ）5. Finally he got a very good job. A. A
12、t last B. At the end C. At the end of D. At firstII. 选择填空 (20分)（ ）6. -_ do you exercise ? - Every day. A. When B. What C. How long D. How often（ ）7.She _ TV every day . A. sees B. looks at C. watches D.looks（ ）8.There is _ elephant over there. A. a B. an C. the D. /（ ）9. -Whats the matter _ you ? -
13、I have a bad cold. A. for B. with C. to D. on （ ）10. - What are you doing for vacation . - I _ my sister. A. babysitting B. are babysitting C. is babysitting D. am babysitting（ ）11._ are they going ? They are going on Monday. A. What B. When C. What time D. How（ ）12.It _ me about 10 minutes to walk
14、there. A. take B. takes C. spend D. spends（ ）13. In America, most students go to school _ the school bus. A. in B. on C. by D. at（ ）14. Can you come to my party , Ted ? _ . A. Sorry, I d like B. Sure, Id love to C. Sure, I cant D. Yes , Id like.（ ）15. Can you come to my party _ Saturday afternoon ?
15、A. on B. in C. at D. about （ ）16.He _ short hair. He _ calm. A. is/ is B. has/has C. is/has D. has/is（ ）17. This story is _ than that one. A. fun B. funny C. funner D. funnier（ ）18. She often makes me _ . 16-20DDABC A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughs（ ）19. We both enjoy _ to parties. A. go B
16、. going C. goes D. went（ ）20.Do you like tomatoes ? -_. A. Yes, you do B. No, you dont C. Yes , I do D. No, I do（ ）21. Frank _ a toy horse yesterday. A. dont buy B. buys C. bought D. buy（ ）22. On my next day _ , I dont want to go _ a drive. A. in ,on B. off, for C. of , for D. off, of（ ）23 He _ in 1
17、998. A. is born B. was born C. is birth D. was birth（ ）24. Could I please use your ruler ? _. A. Sorry, you cant. B. Not at all C. Thats right D. Yes, you cant（ ）25. Who writes _ , Jim , Kate or John ? A. the most carefully B. more carefully C. the most careful D. more carefulIII.按顺序排列对话, 将正确的序号写在横线
18、上(5分)a.About two days ago.b.Whats the matter ? c.Im not feeling well. I have a cold. d.When did it start e.Oh, thats too bad. You should get some rest.2630 _ _ _ _ _ IV.将恰当的答语的序号填入相应的问句的括号里.(5分)（ ）31.What are you going to be when you grow up ? a. Yes, a little（ ）32.Could you clean your room ? b. Im
19、going to be an engineer.（ ）33.How often do you eat fast food ? c. It was exciting.（ ）34.Are you feeling hungry ? d. Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework.（ ）35.How was your school trip ? e. Sometimes.V. 完形填空. (5分)Nancy,Thanks for36_ my dog. Could you please37_ these things every day ? Take him for
20、 a walk . Give38_water and feed him. Then wash his bowl. Play39_him.40_to clean his bed. Have fun ! See you next week. Thanks, Thomas（ ）36. A. taking care of B. take care of C. take care D. taking of（ ）37. A. do B. does C. doing D. to do（ ）38. A. his B. her C. him D. me （ ）39. A. for B.at C. with D.
21、 to（ ）40. A. Dont forget B.Dont remember C. Not forgetting D. ForgetVI. 阅读理解（ 30 分） AJimwasborn inasmallvillage. hisfather,Mr.Brown,hasabigfarmandworkshardonit . Heoftengetsgoodharvests.NowJimissixyearsold ,but theres no school near the village. He is very worried. My sister works in London. says Mr
22、s,Brown. We can take Jim to school there. what do you think of it ? Its a good idea!Mr Brown said happily. The next day they all went to London by train. Jims aunt was glad to see them. A week later, Jim came to school. Whats your name, little boy? asked a teacher. Jim Brown. answered the boy. You m
23、ust be polite , said the teacher, pleasesay sir whenyouarespeakingto the old.Nowanswer myquestionagain.Whats your name? SirJimBrown. （ ）41.The Brown lives in a small village in _. A.China B.America C.England D.Australia （ ） 42.Mr. Brown is _. A.a farmer B.a teacher C.a worker D. a college student （
24、）43.Mr. and Mrs. Brown took their son to London because_. A.therere many nice schools in the city B.they want Jim to play there. C.they have no time to look after Jim. （ ）44.The teacher wanted Jim_. A.to be polite to the young. B. to know how to say sir. C.to know how to speak English.D.toknowhowtos
25、peak tothe old. （ ）45.The boy called himself sir Jim Brown because_. A. hisnamewasJimBrown B. he wasnt polite to the teacher C. hedidntknowhowtousetheword sir D. he was born in a small village BLucy likes English very much. She works hard. She reads English every morning.She likes speaking English.
26、She often listens to the radio. She likes watching TV. But she only watches it on Saturday evening.She doesnt like dancing. But she likes singing. She sings very well . She likes driving a car, too. Her parents like her. And all the teachers like her, too.（ ）46. Does Lucy read English in the morning? _. A. Yes, she does B. Yes, she is C. No, she doesnt D. No, she isnt（ ）47. When does she watch
