1、高中英语 动名词专项讲解动名词 考点透析1.概述动名词是动词非谓语形式的一种，由动词加-ing构成，它具有动词和名词的性质。有动词的性质意味着其可以有自己的宾语和状语等成分；有名词的性质意味着其可以在句子中充当主语，宾语，定语，定语等。2. 构成主动形式被动形式否定式一般式doingbeing donenot doing 完成式having donehaving been done not having done复合结构Sbs / his/mydoingSbs / his/mybeing doneSbs / his/mynot doing2.1 动名词的一般式2.1.1动名词的一般式可用来泛指
2、一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Learning is important to modern life. 学习对现代生活很重要。2.1.2 动名词的一般式有时也可表示在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生的动作。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。He suggested taking my daughter to the zoo the next Sunday. 他建议下个星期天带我女儿去动物园。2.2动名词的完成式动名
3、词的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。注意： 在现代英语中，作宾语的动名词的完成式可用一般式来代替。 I really regretted missing such an exciting lecture. 错过了这么振奋人心的演讲，我真的很遗憾。(=I really regretted having missed such an exciting lecture.) We remembered s
4、eeing the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。(=We remembered having seen the film. )2.3 动名词的被动形式动名词的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是动名词表示的动作的承受者。2.3.1一般式的被动形式I cant stand being kept waiting.我不堪久候。2.3.2完成式的被动形式I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team. 我听说他被选为球队的教练。2.4 动名词的否定形式 动名词的否定形式是由not 加现在分词构成。 His not coming m
5、ade everyone present very disappointed. 他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。 Im sorry for not being present at the meeting in time. 我很抱歉没能按时赴会。2.5 动名词的复合形式当动名词本身有其逻辑主语时，就形成了动名词的复合形式。动名词的复合形式一般有所有格或物主代词加动名词构成。2.5.1 逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，需用所有格或物主代词；作宾语时，也可以用普通格或人称代词的宾格，这种情况在口语中更常见。I dont mind Mikes/ his smoking here. I dont mi
6、nd Mike/him smoking here. 2.5.2 逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，只用名词普通格。Is there any hope of our team winning the match? I dont know about the weather being so awful in this area. 2.5.3 逻辑主语是复合不定代词somebody, something, anybody, anything, everything等时，只用普通格。 She was disturbed by someone smoking outside. They complained
7、about everything going wrong. 2.5.4 逻辑主语是复数名词，或由一个以上的名词构成的词组，只用普通格。Do you know Mary and her mother coming to see us next month? It was quite unexpected the students finishing the exam so soon? 3. 动名词的用法3.1 作主语3.1.1 动名词直接放到句首作主语Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 Lea
8、rning about a language is easier than using it. 学习有关语言的知识比使用语言容易。 Being invited to the party was a great honor to the family. 被邀请参加晚会是这家人的荣耀。3.1.2 为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。It is easy making plans, but it is difficult carrying them. 制定计划很容易，实行它却很难。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后
9、悔是没有用的。 Its a waste of time arguing about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。3.2 作宾语3.2.1作动词的宾语能用动名词作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动名词作宾语，另一类是既可用动名词作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。（即可动名词又可不定式的动词见非谓语动词区分部分）常见的只接动名词而不接不定式作宾语的动词有admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, bear, consider, delay, deny, dislike, encourage, endure, enjoy, ensure,
10、escape, excuse, face, fancy, finish, forbid, forgive, involve, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, practice, resist, risk, recommend, suggest, stand, tolerate, understandFancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了! I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 They didnt mind being t
11、reated like guests. 他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。 They admitted smoking/ having smoked in the hall.他们承认在大厅里抽过烟。 He couldnt help laughing. 他情不自禁地笑了起来。I cant imagine the boy speaking so rudely to you. 我不能想象这个男孩对你说话这么没礼貌。3.2.2 作短语的宾语 绝大多数动词短语要求跟动名词。3.2.2.1 以副词结尾的动词短语put off, give up3.2.2 作介词宾语动词的动名词作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。常
12、见的几种搭配形式有：3.2.2.1 动词 + 介词 + 现在分词 Jason aims at becoming an astronaut. 詹森立志要当宇航员。I dream of being the best footballer in the school. 我梦想成为全校最好的足球队员。比较： keep doing 继续或保持做某事。（强调动作的持续性） News of successes keeps pouring in. 捷报频传。 Keep on doing 继续或反复做某事。（强调动作的反复性） We will keep on trying and if we get anyth
13、ing done we will notify you.我们将继续努力,有结果将通知你。 Keep sb doing 使某人一直做某事（表示被迫进行的动作） Ill try not to keep you waiting. 我尽量不让你久等。 Keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事（prevent/stop sb from doing） The stone walls keep the farmers cows from joining his neighbors cows. 石头墙使农民家的牛不会混入邻居的牛群中去。3.2.2.2 动词 + 名词 + 介词 + 现在分词 Ple
14、ase excuse me for being late. 对不起，我迟到了。 What prevented you from joining us last night 昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我们在一起 Sandy wasted no time in getting to know the bosss daughter. 桑迪很快就开始就和老板的女儿套近乎了。3.2.2.3名词 + 介词 + 现在分词 We like his way of teaching English. 我们喜欢他教英语的方式。 He has little hope of passing the examination
15、. 他几乎没有什么希望通过考试。I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners. 我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。3.2.2.4 形容词 + 介词 + 现在分词 Im tired of having the same food every day. 天天吃同样的东西我感到腻烦了。 Peter is angry about not being invited to the party. 没有被邀请出席聚会，彼得很生气。 Whos responsible for organizing this conference 是谁负责组织这次大会
16、？3.2.2.5 what/ how about + 现在分词 What about going for a walk 去散步好不好？ How about playing a game of chess now？ 现在来下盘棋好吗？3.2.2.6 介词to + 动词现在分词to 既可以是介词，也可以是不定式符号，在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号，to后接动词原形；若是介词，to后需接现在分词。 You must get used to washing your face with cold water. 你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。 John has admitted to breaking t
17、he window. 约翰已承认了打碎窗子。 Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. 我盼望今年暑假见到你。 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。 However, others strongly object to developing private cars. 然而,另有一些人强烈反对发展私人小汽车。 He is equal to doing this task. 他能胜任这项任务。 The man took to
18、drinking shortly after his wife died. 他妻子死后不久，这人就开始嗜酒。 Isnt it time you got down to marking those papers 难道还没到你安下心来阅卷的时间吗？3.3作表语动名词往往表示主语的内容。Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 The real question is getting to know the needs of the students. 真正的问题是了解学生的需要。His ho
19、bby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好是集邮。3.4 作定语3.4.1 动名词作定语说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room= a room which is used for reading阅览室 running shoes= shoes for running跑鞋 a working method = a method of working工作方法a sewing machine 缝纫机 a swimming pool游泳池 a drawing board 画板 a dining car 餐车 a driving permit 驾驶许可证 a wal
20、king stick手杖a singing competition 歌咏比赛 a waiting room候车室3.4.2 作定语的动名词如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。The bottle containing vinegar should be sent to the laboratory. 装着醋的那个瓶子应送到实验室去。3.5 动名词的逻辑主语 动名词的逻辑主语形式构成参见动名词的符合机构部分。3.5.1 作主语的动名词主语动名词作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈话双方一般是是不言而喻的。 Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。（Reading
21、aloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来）注意：如果作主语的动名词需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格（即名词后加s）。 His fathers falling ill worried him greatly. 他父亲生病使他很着急。（his father是falling ill的逻辑主语） Your coming to work with us will be a great encouragement to us. 你来和我们一道工作，对我们是很大的鼓舞。（you是coming to work with us的逻辑主语）3.5.2作宾语的动名词主语动名词作宾语时，其逻
22、辑主语常是句子中的主语。如要明确动作的执行者，也可以在现在分词前加上名词或代词表示逻辑主语。 I cant imagine Johns giving a speech in front of so many people. 我不能想象约翰会在这么多人前面发言。(John是giving a speech的逻辑主语) He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. 他被某人的敲门声吵醒了。(someone是knocking at the door的逻辑主语) The boss understood him/his wanting to leave.
23、 老板明白他为什么要离职。（“他”是wanting to leave逻辑主语） 比较： He insisted on doing it himself. 他坚持要自己做。（doing it的逻辑主语是句子的主语“他”） He insisted on my doing it. 他坚持要我做。（doing it的逻辑主语是“我”） Would you mind opening the window 请你把窗子打开好吗？（opening the window的逻辑主语是“你”） Would you mind my opening the window 你介意我把窗子打开吗？（opening the
24、window的逻辑主语是“我”）3.5.3 作表语的动名词动名词作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但作表语的动名词也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is Julias staying too late every night. 我担心的是她天天晚上熬夜熬得太迟。（staying too late every night的逻辑主语是Julia） The main problem is your not having practiced a lot. 主要的问题是你缺乏大量的练习。（not having practiced a lot的逻辑主语是you）4.
25、动名词的几个常用句型。4.1 It is no use/ good doing something. It is not any use/good doing something.It is useless doing something. Its no good talking to him. 和他谈话是没有用的。 It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come. 给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。4.2 There is no doing something. (=it is impossible to +v)There is n
26、o saying when it will stop raining. 无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。There is no telling what will happen. There is no denying the fact that he stole the money. 4.3 have trouble/difficulty/headaches/fun (in) doingWe have great difficult (in) learning mathematics. 4.4 在一些
27、以time为中心的短语后面S+ have a hard/good time (in) doing. S+ spend time (in) doing S+lose no time (in) doingS+waste time (in) doingWe spent a lot of time finding the jewelry. 4.5 be on the point of doing (=be about to +v)I was on the point of leaving when the teacher came in. 4.6 make a point of doing: 认为。是
28、有必要的（=make it a point to v）The teaching always makes a point of reading English aloud every morning. 4.7 do（some/much/a lot of/any）+doing 结构do cooking/ washing/ cleaning/sewing/reading/shopping/sightseeing 4.8 worth doingIts worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。4.9 there is no point in doing sth It is p
29、ointless doing sth5.动名词和不定式在用法上的比较 动名词和不定式在句中都可以充当主语，宾语，表语，定语，因此理解它们在作这些成分时的区别对于准确掌握动名词和不定式的用法具有重要的意义。5.1 作宾语时5.1.1有些动词只接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。(这些动词及例句见动名词作宾语部分。)We can finish building the bridge before the end of next month. 我们可以在下个月底之前建好这座桥 Would you mind opening the window? 请您开一下窗户,好吗?5.1.2有些动词只接不定式作宾语。常
30、见的这类动词有(见不定式宾语部分)：What did they decide to do? 他们决定干什么? She failed to come to school yesterday. 她昨天没来上学 I hope to be back soon. 我希望早点回家 5.1.3 有些动词后跟动名词和不定式意义上没有多大的差别常见的这类动词有：attempt, intend, cant bear, deserve, cease, continue, learn, love, like, prefer, hate, begin, start, need, neglect They prefer
31、spending/ to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary. 我想买一本英汉词典。After the teacher left the classroom, the students began to do/doing their homework. 老师离开教室后,学生们开始做作业 They continued to read/reading English. 他们继续读英语 但在下列情况下,宜用动词不定式作宾语,而不用动名词 (1). like, love, prefer, hate等与would或should连用时例如: Id prefer to stay home to watch TV. 我宁可呆在家里看电视 (2). begin, start, continue等本身用的是进行体时例如: She was starting to do her homework. 她开始做作业 (3). begin, star
