1、初中中考英语常见动词短语及近义词辨析整理归纳初中常见动词短语及近义词词义辨析：1. 常见的动词短语有以下几种形式：动词+介词 laugh at嘲笑 point at指着 worry about担忧 agree with赞成 ask for请求 talk about 谈论 pick up捡起 grow up长大 look out 当心 stay up熬夜动词+名词 make progress取得进步 make faces做鬼脸动词+名词+介词 make friends with. 和交朋友动词+副词+介词 stay away from远离 get along with进展；处理动词+介词+名词
2、go to school go to bed常见的动词短语Take take up占据；开始做. take away带走；拿走take off起飞；脱掉take down写下；记下；拆除take out拿出；切除take place发生take care of照顾take part in 参加make make a decision作出决定make a mistake犯错make a living谋生make up组成；构成Keep keep out留在外面keep up with并驾齐驱；跟上keep away from远离keep in touch保持联系keep healthy保持健康G
3、ive give up放弃give in 屈服；让步give away捐赠give out散发；分发give off发出（光、热等）Get get to 到达get up 起床；起来get over 克服get on 上车get off 下车get together相聚get ready for为作准备Turn turn on打开turn off关闭turn up开大；调高；出现turn down调低；关小turn in上交turn out结果是Put put up搭建；张贴put on穿上；上演put off推迟；拖延put out熄灭put away把收起来put down写下；记下put
4、 up with 容忍Look look at看look for寻找look after照顾；照料look up查阅look through浏览look around环顾Come Go go on继续go back回到go away走开；离开go by（时间）流逝go over仔细检查go off熄灭；离开come over突然感到come along出现；跟随come out出现；出版；开花come on加油；快点come up with 想出三个(be) used to be used to doing sth.表示习惯做某事，此时to是介词，后跟动词ing形式。 used to do s
5、th.表示过去常常做某事 be used to do sth.被用来做某事2. 动词(近义词)的词义辨析：三个“到达” get get to+地点名词 reach 及物动词，后面可跟地点名词 arrive in+大地点（名词） at+小地点（名词）三个“借” borrow 非延续性动词，表示主语“借入”，常用搭配borrow sth.from sb. lend非延续性动词，表示主语“借出”，常用搭配lend sth.to sb. keep延续性动词，表示“长时间的借”。三个“穿” dress dress sb.给某人穿衣服；dress sb.up打扮某人 put on 穿上，戴上，表示动作 w
6、ear穿着；戴着，表示状态四个“看” see “看见” ，表示结果 look “看”，表示动作，是不及物动词，后面需加介词at才能跟宾语 watch “观看（比赛、电视） read “看（书、报纸）”，表示阅读四个“拿” bring “带来，拿来”，表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方” take “拿去，带走”， 表示“拿到远离说话人的地方” carry “扛，搬，用力移动”，没有方向 fetch “去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿东西”四个“说” speak 作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发言 say 常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且表示说的内容 talk 是不及物动词，长根介词to 和with，
7、意为“同谈话”，也表示具有说话的能力 tell 意为“告诉”，与story连用意为“讲故事”四个“花费” spend 人作主语，表示花费时间或金钱，后接on sth.或(in) doing sth. cost物作主语，意为“某物花费多少钱” take可用于固定句型表示花费一段时间做某事，其结构为： It +takes/ took+一段时间+to do sth. pay 与介词for连用两个“找” look for 强调寻找的过程 find 强调找到、发现的结果两个“听” listen to listen为不及物动词，与to组成固定搭配，强调听的动作 hear 强调听到的结果四个有关“输、赢”
8、lose 意为“输给”某人，固定搭配为lose to sb. fail 意为“失败”或“未做成某事” beat 意为“打败”，后接sb.或某支队伍 win 意为“赢得”，如：赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等三个“参加” join 一般指佳人苑“党派”或“组织”，如参军、入党等 take part in 指参加聚会或活动 attend 一般指出席会议，参加考试，入学等四个“变化” turn 一般用于颜色的变化 get 天变黑、变长或变短 become 天气变暖或变冷等，表示渐变 grow 形状变大或变小 come e out 出来;出版;开花;结果e over 顺便来访;过来e in 进入;进来e int
9、o 进入e up 出来;上升e down 退步;下降;下来e back 回来;想起来e across(偶然）遇见（或发现）;横穿e on 来吧;赶快;加油e from 来自e along一道去;赶快;进行;进展e true(希望等）实现;达到e up with 追上;赶上;想出（主意）;找出（答案）fall 1.fall behind 落后2.fall down 倒下;滑倒3.fall into 掉进里4.fall off从掉下来5.fall in love with 爱上6.fall asleep 人睡7.fall ill 患病;病倒8.fall over 绊倒get 1.get on穿上;
10、上车;进展2.get off 下车;脱下(衣服等)3.get up 起床4.get down 下降5.get away(from) 逃离.6.get back 返回;回来;回家;归还7.get into 进人;陷入8.get from 从得到9.get over克服10.get lost 迷路11.get out of 离开;从出来12.get ready for 为做准备13.get along/on with sb.与相处14.get a ride (to)搭便车give 1.give away 捐赠;颁发2.give up 放弃3.give in 屈服;让步4.give out 分发;散
11、发5.give back 还给;归还;恢复（健康等）6. give birth to 生;产生7.give sb. a lift/ride (to)捎某人一程go1.go away 走开2.go away from 从离开3.go along.沿着走4.go back 回去5.go on 继续;进展6. go out 出去;熄灭7.go over 仔细检查;复习8.go through 浏览;翻阅;通过（内部）9.go outside 去户外10.go off(闹钟）响;离开look 1.look up 查询;向上看2.look through 浏览3.look at 看着4.look aro
12、und 向四周看5.look for 寻找6.look over 检查7.look out 留神;当心8.look after 照顾9.look like 看起来像10.100k up to 尊敬（admire)11.look down upon 瞧不起;看低12.10ok forwand to 期待;盼望13.look out of 往外看14.l0mk into 向里面看;调查put 1.put on 穿上（戴上）;上演;增加2.put up 张贴（广告等）;挂起;举起;搭建（帐篷）3.put away 放好;收拾4.put down 记下;镇压5.put into 把放进;使进入6.pu
13、t off 推迟;阻止7.put out 熄灭;扑灭take 1.take off脱下;起飞2.take away 拿走3.take on 呈现4.take down 记下;取下5.take up 从事;着手处理;开始养成6.take out 取出7.take over 接收;接管8.take after(外貌或行为）像（look like)9.take in吸入;吞人（体内）;欺骗10.take part in 参加;参与.11.take pride in 感到自豪（ =be proud of)12.take care of 照顾;照料（look after)13.take care 当心1
14、4.take place 发生15.take notes 做笔记16.take risks(take a risk)冒险17.take breaks/rests(take a break/rest)休息18.take a walk 散步19.take a shower 洗淋浴;洗澡20.take a vacation 去度假21.take a message 捎个口信;传话22.take a photo of./take photos of 给.照相23. take an interest in 对感兴趣24.take it easy 从容;轻松;不紧张25.take ones place 代
15、替;替换turn 1.turn down 调低（声音）2.turn up 调高（声音）3.turn off 关掉4.turn on 打开5.turn around 转身;调头6.turn over 翻身;翻转7.turn left 向左转8.turn right 向右转9.turn out (to be) 结果是10.turn upside down 完全颠倒11.turn.into.变成.（二）同一介词副词型to do sth.(不定式标记）1.want to do sth.想要做某事2.tell sb. to do sth.告诉某人做某事3.would like (sb.) to do s
16、th.想要某人做某事4.need to do sth.需要做某事5.ask sb. to do sth.叫请求某人做某事6.plan to do sth.计划做某事7.use sth. to do sth.用某物做某事8.happen to do sth.碰巧干某事9.be sure to do sth. 确定做某事10.have the chance to do sth.有机会做某事11.force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事12.forget to do sth.忘记（要）做某事13.used to do sth.过去常常做某事14. decide to do sth.决定
17、做某事15.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事16.seem to do sth.似乎做某事17.hate to do sth.讨厌做某事18.take turns to do sth.轮流干某事19.lead sb. to do sth.领导某人做某事20.learn to do sth.学会做某事21.in order to do sth.为了做某事22.for the first time to do sth.第一次做某事23.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事24.have no time to do sth.没有时间做某事25. take ma
18、ny measures to do sth.采取措施做某事26. be ready to do sth. 乐意做某事27.aid sb. to do sth. 援助某人做某事28.try to do sth.试图做某事29.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某人30.be able to do sth.能够去做某事31.cant wait to do sth.迫不及待地做某事32.be required to do sth.被要求去做某事33. remember to do sth.记得要去做某事34.make ones mind to do sth.下定决心去做某事3
19、5.manage to do sth.设法做成某事36.expect (sb.) to do sth.期望（某人）做某事37.promise to do sth.承诺做某事38.like to do sth. 喜欢做某事39.help(sb.) to do sth.帮助某人做某事40.be afraid to do sth.害怕去做；不敢去做41.be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求做某事42.be willing to do sth.乐意做某事to(介词）doing sth.1.prefer doing sth. to doing sth.更喜欢做某事2.be/get
20、used to(doing)sth. 习惯于（做）某事3.look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事4.stick to(doing)sth.坚持（做）某事about 短语1.care about 关心;在意2.talk about 谈论关于.3.think about 考虑4.worry about( =be worried about)担忧;担心5.be sure ahout 确信;对有把握away 短语1.nun away 逃跑；跑掉2.throw away 扔掉3.far away(from)在远处;远离.4.right away 立刻;马上5.keep.away
21、from 避免接近;距离6. stay away(from)远离back 短语1. bring back 恢复;使想起;归还2.call(sb.)back(给某人）回电话3.pay back 偿还（借款等）4.talk back 回嘴;顶嘴down 短语1.break down 发生故障（stop working)2.calm down 保持冷静（ =keep calm)3.cut down 砍倒4.let.down 使失望或沮丧5.sit down 坐下6.write down 写下;记下for 短语1.ask for要;要求;请求2.care for 关心;关怀;照顾3.pay for 付
22、账;付买的钱4.prepare for 为做准备5.thanks for 为而感谢6.wait for 等候;等待7.be bad for 对有害8.be late for 迟到9. be known for 以闻名;为人知晓10.be used for 被用来做.11.be thirsty for 渴望;渴求12.get/be ready for 为做准备13.leave for 到地方去from 短语1.across from在对面2.hear /from 收到.的来信3.learn.from.向.学习.4.prevent from 妨碍;阻止;制止5.separate.from.分开6.
23、be different from 与不同into 短语1.change into 转换成;把变成2.divide into 把.分成3.knock into 与.相撞4.walk into 走路时撞着in短语1.arrive in 到达（get to)2.believe in 信任;信赖3.call in 拜访4.hand in 交上;提交;呈送5.join in 参加（take part in)6.let in 让进来;放进来7.be interested in 对感兴趣8.do well in 在做得好of短语1.hear of 听说2.think of 思考;考虑3.be full o
24、f 充满的;（有）大量的;（有）丰富的4.be in control of 掌管;管理5.be made of 由制成6.run out(of)用尽;耗尽7.go out of ones way 特别地;格外努力8.get in the way of 挡的路;妨碍off短语1.take off脱下;起飞;成功2.break off 突然中止;中断3.clean.off 把.擦掉4.cut off 切除5.keep off 勿踏;勿踩6.pay off 付清（欠款等）7.ring off 挂断电话;停止讲话8.run off 跑掉;迅速离开9.see off 送行10.set off 动身;启程
25、;使爆发11.show off 炫耀;卖弄12.shut off 关闭;停止运转13.turn off 调低（声音）14.put off 推迟;阻止15.get off 下车;脱下（衣服等）on 短语1.concentrate on 全神贯注于2.depend on 依赖;依靠3.hold on 等一等（别挂电话）4.keep on 继续（进行）;坚持5.live on以为主食;靠.为生6.pass on 传递7.try on 试穿;试试看8.work on 从事;忙于up 短语1.bring up 教育;培养2.cheer up 使开心（make happy)3.clean up 打扫4.d
26、rink up 喝光5.eat up 吃光6.end up 结束7.fix up 修理;修补8.hang up 挂断电话9.hurry up 赶快10.grow up 成长;长大11.make up 组成12.mix up 混合在一起13.open up 打开14.pick up 捡起;搭载;收听（广播）15.set up 搭建;建立;设立16.ring up 打电话17.show up 出现18.think up 想出19.dry up 干涸;枯竭to 短语1.belong to 属于2.listen to.听.3.talk to.跟说4.lead to 导致;通向5.make contri
27、bution to 为作贡献6.add.to.把加到上7.lend.to.借.给.8.prefer.to.喜爱更甚于.9.shout to.对大声喊叫10.pay attention to 对注意;留心11.help oneself to 请随便吃点12.hold on to 继续;坚持;保持13.be up to 是的职责;由决定14.be similar to 与相像;类似with 短语1.agree with 赞同;持相同意见2.deal with 处理;应付3.begin with 以开始4.connect with 与相连pare.with与比较;与对比6.provide.with
28、提供给7.be angry with 生的气;对感到气愤8.be good with 善于应付的;对有办法9.be strict with 对严格要求10.help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事11.keep in touch with 与保持联系12.make friends with 与交友13.catch up with 赶上14.have to do with 关于;与有关系名词短语1.after-sale service 售后服务2.after-school classes 课后辅导班3.after-school reading program 课外阅读项目4.amusement park 游乐园5. Animal Helpline 动物保护热线6.animals world 动物世界7.basketball club 篮球俱乐部8.beef soup 牛肉汤年9.big deal 重要的事10.board games 棋类游戏11.Chinese Dream 中国梦12.Chinese chess 中国象棋13
