1、研究生入学统一考试英语试题2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1 (10 points)The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with an
2、imals, 1 this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5, we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are c
3、apable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10
4、 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be
5、 that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smellswe simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit
6、 someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.1. A although B as C but D while2. A above B unlike C excluding D besides3. A limited B committed C dedicated D confined4. A catching
7、 B ignoring C missing D tracking5. A anyway B though C instead D therefore6. A even if B if only C only if D as if7. A distinguishing B discovering C determining D detecting8. A diluted B dissolved C dispersed D diffused9. A when B since C for D whereas10. A unusual B particular C unique D typical11
8、. A signs B stimuli C messages D impulses12. A at first B at all C at large D at times13. A subjected B left C drawn D exposed14. A ineffective B incompetent C inefficient D insufficient15. A introduce B summon C trigger D create16. A still B also C otherwise D nevertheless17. A sure B sick C aware
9、D tired18. A tolerate B repel C neglect D notice19. A available B reliable C identifiable D suitable20. A similar to B such as C along with D aside fromSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark
10、your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with
11、the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.The researchers
12、studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.Such chara
13、cteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in sep
14、arate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token
15、, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere p
16、resence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation i
17、s likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fair
18、ness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _.A posing a contrastB justifying an assumptionC making a co
19、mparisonD explaining a phenomenon22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that _.A monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB resenting unfairness is also monkeys natureC monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherD no animals other than monkeys can develo
20、p such emotions23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _.A more inclined to weigh what they getB attentive to researchers instructionsC nice in both appearance and temperamentD more generous than their male companions24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal hav
21、e eventually found in their study that the monkeys _.A prefer grapes to cucumbersB can be taught to exchange thingsC will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD are unhappy when separated from others25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B
22、Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.Text 2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt kno
23、w for sure? That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.There are u
24、psetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earths atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is l
25、argely man-made. The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panels report: “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the f
26、uture, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,
27、that its OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately, the White House is starting to
28、pay attention. But its obvious that a majority of the presidents advisers still dont take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research - a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward
29、on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. If the Administration wont take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer financial incentives
30、for private industry, is a promising start. Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26. An argument made by supporters of smokin
31、g was that _.A there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC people had the freedom to choose their own way of lifeD antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as _.A a protectorB a judgeC a criticD a guide28. What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis” (Last line, Paragraph 4)?A Endless studies kill action.B Careful investigation reveals truth.C Prudent planning hin
