1、机械转向系统和动力转向系统。完全靠驾驶员手力操纵的转向系统称为机械转向系统。借助动力来操纵的转向系统称为动力转向系统。动力转向系统又可分为液压动力转向系统和电动助力动力转向系统。随着产业布局、产品结构的调整，就业结构也将发生变化。企业对较高层次的第一线应用型人才的需求将明显增加，培养相当数量的具有高等文化水平的职业人才，成为迫切要求。据统计，目前，我国技术工人中，高级技工占3.5，中级工占35，初级工占60。而发达国家技术工人中，高级技工占35，中级工占50，初级工占15。这表明，我们的高级技工在未来510年内仍会有大量的人才缺口。因此熟悉汽车转向系统，熟练掌握现代化汽车转向系统的设计、操作和
2、维护的应用型高级技术人才成为社会较紧缺、企业最需要的人才。 随着汽车工业的迅速发展，转向装置的结构也有很大变化。现代汽车转向装置的设计趋势主要向适应汽车高速行驶的需要、充分考虑安全性、轻便性、低成本、低油耗、大批量专业化生产发展。通过本次毕业论文对转向系统进行进一步的了解，并且结合通过实习了解的知识对转向系统的可能出现的问题进行分析和解决方法，从而提高自身对转向系统的深入认识二、设计目的通过本次毕业设计使自己对汽车转向系统在故障诊断和维修方面有更为充分、细致的理解，进一步掌握转向系统的原理、应用和CADCAM软件应用。三、设计工作1、概述2、转向系统现阶段的主要类型3、汽车转向系统可能出现的问
3、题和分析4、汽车转向系统的新发展-整体式、半分置式及联阀式动力转向结构四、时间安排项目时间截点备注论文题目确定2011年2月25日2011年3月4日论文初稿2011年4月15日论文定稿2011年5月7日论文答辩2011年5月15日二次答辩2011年5月22日目 录浅析汽车转向系统常见故障诊断与维修2摘要2绪论31 概述41.1 什么是汽车转向系统41.2 汽车转向系统概述41.3 转向系统简介及工作原理42 汽车转向系统的故障诊断 102.1 机械转向系故障诊断 102.2 动力转向系故障诊断 122.3 转向系仪器检测 143对汽车转向系统的故障进行维修 163.1机械转向系的维修 163.
4、2动力转向系的维修 194结论 22谢辞 23参考文献 24英文资料 25中文翻译 30浅析汽车转向系统常见故障诊断与维修摘要：本文阐述了汽车转向系统各个部分的作用、组成、主要构造、工作原理、及可能出现的故障，同时提出了对出现的故障进行维修的可行方案；采用了理论与实际相结合的方法，对每个问题都有良好的认识，对所学内容进行了良好的总结归纳，以此进一步熟悉掌握汽车转向系统的各方面知识，深化巩固所学知识，做到理论与实际相结合，在理论学习的前提下，用实际更好的理解所学内容。关键词：汽车转向系统，工作原理，故障，维修，方案，理论与实际结合Abstract: This paper describes th
5、e various parts of the vehicle steering system the role, composition, the main structure, working principle, and possible failure, and proposed repair of the fault appears a feasible option; using a combination of theory and practical methods For each problem order to further the mastery of all aspe
6、cts of automotive steering systems of knowledge, deepen and consolidate the knowledge, so that the combination of theory and practice, in theory under the premise of learning, with a better understanding of the actual content of what they recent years, along with the social life of car motorization,
7、 increasing quantities, cause the traffic situation intricate, make drivers to offer the operating frequency increases, driving you need to lighten the fatigue, improve manipulation portability and flexibility, and thus power steering system requirements for more and more is also 1. 1.1 the traditio
8、nal mechanical steering system Traditional mechanical steering system （MS） mainly by steering control agencies, steering gear and steering transmission mechanism 3 parts. Steering control mechanism is the pilot control redirector work institutions, including the steering wheel at the input from comp
9、onents. The steering wheel steering is coming from torque according to certain transmission amplifier and output increases force device, steering the earliest USES is the worm type, later type, circulation ball type and other forms. Steering transmission mechanism is passed to the output torque stee
10、ring steering wheel agencies, including the steering wheel from pitman arm of components 2. When the car needs to change directions, the pilot through turned the steering wheel, steering moment, steering, via steering shaft, change of direction. Traditional mechanical steering system is the advantag
11、e of simple structure, reliable operation, the production cost is low. Its defect is also very obvious: （1） with the bus speed improvement and automotive quality increases, steering control, turning to more and more demanding increased the difficulty. （2） is the ratio is fixed, namely Angle transfer
12、 characteristics, cause the car cant change the steering response characteristics are unable to control and transmission in the process of steering cannot with speed and lateral acceleration and other parameters of the changes, the pilot must compensate for car before in turn the steering response c
13、haracteristics of certain operating compensation, such virtually increased the mental and physical burdens driver 2. 1.2 equipment, power devices and control valves etc. It with a certain extent, solve the traditional mechanical steering system caused because of transmission ratio fixed to light and
14、 sensitive the contradiction between. But, this kind of power steering system is driven by the steering wheel rotates the bar is the channel area to provide oiling the instrumentality of variable. Namely the discretion of size and speed boost with steering Angle, only concerned. Steering dish of gre
15、ater perspective, turn the instrumentality of not to, as long as the engine and engine. （2） the steering characteristics not adjusted, low-speed steering need bigger boost, often for engine speed and low power poor effect, while in big, bring about steering too sensitive, that the car manipulation s
16、tability becomes poor. （3） the inherent . Because of provide the big steering and widely used. 1.3 electrohydraulic power steering system Electrohydraulic power steering system at work steering characteristics can be changed. It basically from system. 1.3.1 electronic control the liquid flow rate in
17、creased control solenoid valves, torque sensor, the wheel speed sensors and steering control unit etc components. Ideally, car in spin to try to deft, request when in cars to different speed operation, which can real-time provide corresponding steering to overcome the running speed to make drivers t
18、o resistance to manipulate the steering wheel can both lightweight, and steering process, through the torque sensor, speed sensor etc sensing device will shift to rate, speed transfer to parameters such as steering control unit. After decoding, control by electromagnetic valve with liquid flow speed
19、 changing, and change the size of the moment, make grants to individual driver according to speed and driving conditions, changes to manipulate portability and stability to , the control device. And the control valve of structure than HPS complex and cost is limousines and sports by using the car. 1
20、.3.2 electric the basis of. Its characteristic is driven by the engine turns ZhuLiBeng shifted the motor oil pump in the group. Work steering control unit according to car of the speed and steering Angle calculated as the input signal output signal, control ideal appropriate power, motor output ZhuL
21、iBeng driven the automobile low-speed road, steering control unit control motor output large torque, make drivers can easily turned the steering wheel; While the car is a manipulating the steering wheel is more stable. Due to the speed adjustable motor, can instantly shut, compared with , improve th
22、e economy. Electrohydraulic power steering system although in and maintenance, etc. Although realized the change, but the dynamical characteristics in electronic control device increased again, making the system structure is complex, cost increases. Because electro-, vehicle as traditional , in cert
23、ain time will continue to receive applications and development. 1.4 electric power steering system （EPAS or EPS） Electric power steering system is the traditional mechanical steering system foundation, increased sensor device, electronic control devices and steering mechanism, etc. Its characteristi
24、c is to use electric actuators in different driving conditions for pilot provide appropriate support. System mainly consists of the electronic control unit ECU, torque sensor, the wheel speed sensors, motor, clutch and the steering assembly etc. Electric power steering system working principle is: t
25、he pilot control steering, the sensor will pilot role in steering wheel torque signal, speed signal, engine speed signal input ECU, ECU of the input signal calculations, inquires the booster form, determine the size and direction target current, so as to control motor current and the direction, by s
26、lowing institutions and clutch motor torque transfer to steering mechanism will be, so as to provide the proper power; driver When steering system malfunction, EPS system does not support. Dont turn circumstances, motor doesnt work. Electric power steering system can real-time in different speed for
27、 car turned to provide different under the instrumentality of guarantee in low-speed driving car deft and agile, unit （the clutch, the steering assembly） and execution unit （electrical）, etc. Control part mainly according to sensors to speed and torque signal for computing, drive motor control instr
28、uctions issued to provide power for steering. EPS compared with HPS, except to save energy outside, due to the elimination of the be directly mounted. Under different conditions of different models, and different for different drivers steering properties, through software modification, convenient an
29、d quick. Complete EPS system also includes fault diagnosis and safety protection system. When malfunction SBW） is as automobile electronic technology development and grows the latest achievements of a brand-new Steering system. It through the wire transfer signals, control actuator action to replace
30、 traditional steering system of mechanical transmission and mechanical connection from the main controller, corresponding parameters, after decoding to turn mechanical connection device, now the steering wheel module, steering executive module and the main controller ECU, three main parts and automatic protection fault syste
