1、高考英语总复习资料高考英语语法专题复习 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teac
2、her. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a
3、pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的
4、基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the earth, the
5、 moon, the sun. 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如： He is always the first to come to school. Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如： the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Childrens Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如： on the day, in the morning (afternoon, eve
6、ning), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way等。 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如： the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如： the Peoples Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如： The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 布朗
7、一家今天要接待客人。 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如： 等。 the poor, the wounded, the living, the dead, the rich, the sick 12、定冠词可以表示一事物内部的某处。如： The driver always sits in the front of the bus(car). 三、零冠词（即不用冠词）： 1、专用名词和不可数名词前。如： China, America, Grade One, Class Two, milk, oil, water, paper, science等。 2、名词前已有作定语用的this, that,
8、my, your, some, any等代词。如： Go down this street. 3、复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如： We are students. I like reading stories. 4、节日、日期、月份、季节前。如： Teachers Day, Childrens Day, National Day, in summer, in July等。 Today is New Years Day. It is Sunday. March 8 is Womens Day. 5、在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前，尤其作表语、宾补时。如： Whats the matter, Gra
9、nny? We elected him monitor. 6、在某些习惯用语中的名词前。如： at noon, at night, at first, at last, at most, at least, by bus(train, air, sea), in bed, in time, in front of, go to school, go to bed, go to college, on foot, at table, in ink, in pencil等。 7、在三餐饭和球类运动前。如： She goes to school after breakfast every morni
10、ng. We are going to play football. We usually have lunch at school. 8、科目前不加。如： We learn Chinese, maths, English and some other subjects. 【专项训练】： 1、 We cant live without air. Aan B Cthe Dsome 2、Have you seen pen? I left it here this morning. Is it black one? I think I saw it somewhere. Aa; the Bthe;
11、the Cthe; a Da; a 3、Ive been waiting for him for hour and half. A; Bthe; a Ca; the Dan; a 4、What fine weather we have today! Aa B Csome Dan 5、Have you ever seen as tall as this one? Aa tree Bsuch tree Can tree Dtree 6、Children usually go to school at age of six. A; the Ba; an Cthe; Dthe; the 7、 Hima
12、layas is highest mountain in world. A; the; BThe; the; the CA; a; a D; 8、They each have _book. Li Huas is about writer. Wang Lins is on science. Aa; a; Bthe; ; the C; the; Da; the; a 9、 Physics is science of matter and energy. AThe; B; C; the DA; a west. east and sets in sun rises in 、10 AA; an; a B
13、The; CThe; the; the DA; the; a 11、Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. Aa; Bthe; an Cthe; the D; the 12、 _Mr Jones called while you were out (neither of us knows this man). He was in bad temper. A;a BA; CThe; the DA; a 13、They were at dinner then. It wa
14、s delicous one. Aa; the B; C;a Da; a 14、what kind of car do you want to buy? A Bthe Ca Dan 15、Alice is fond of playing piano while Henry is interested in listening to music. A; the B; Cthe; Dthe; the 16、Beyond stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space. Athe; B; the C; Dthe; the 17、Alexander Graham
15、Bell invented telephone in 1876. A Ba Cthe Done 18、Wheres Jack? I think hes still in bed, but he might just be in bathroom. A; Bthe; the Cthe; D; the 19、Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places. Athe; the B; Cthe; D; the 20、Id like information about the management of y
16、our hotel, please. Well, you could have word with the manager. He might be helpful. Asome; a Ban; some Csome; some Dan; a 二、名词Nouns 知识要点： 一、名词的种类： 1、专有名词： 1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词） 2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成的专
17、有名词，要加定冠词。） 2、普通名词： 物质名词：water，rice，oil，paper?抽象名词：health，trouble，work，pleasure，honor? 1）不可数名词 注意：?不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如：have a wonderful time. ?不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ?不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形 式。 如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows | | | | 各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪 ?有些抽象名词也常用复数
18、，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难 ?在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如： a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper. 2）可数名词： ?可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. ?有复数形式： a）规则变化加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略） b）不规则变化child
19、 (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena) 注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）。如， a sheep, two sheep d）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, e）形复实单：physics, politi
20、cs, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means. f）形单实复：people (人民，人们），the police, cattle等 g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作 为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h）复合名词变复数时，a）只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如： sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。 b）
21、如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人 c）woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servantmen servants, a woman doctorwomen doctors 二、名词的所有格： 1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“s”。如：Mikes bag, Childrens Day, my brothers room, womens rights 注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers Day, the
22、workers rest-home（工人疗养院），the students reading-room 2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody elses book（其他任何人的书） 3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“s”； 如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“s”。如：Jane and Helens room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bills and Toms radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机（不共有） 4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修
23、饰的名词。如： the tailors (裁缝铺) the doctors (诊所) Mr Browns (布朗先生的家) 5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“s”表所有格。 如：half an hours walk (半小时的路程) Chinas agriculture (中国的农业) 2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book 3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如： the story of Dr Norman Bethune Do you know the name o
24、f the boy standing at the gate? 4、“of词组+所有格”的用法： 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如： a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友。 some inventions of Edisons 爱迪生的一些发明 those exercise-books of the students 学生们的那些练习本。 【专项训练】： 1、There are only twelv
25、e in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors woman doctor D women doctor C2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-law Bbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law 3、How many does a cow have? Four. Astomaches Bstomach Cstomachs Dstomachies 4、Some visited ou
26、r school last Wednesday. AGerman BGermen CGermans DGermens 5、The of the building are covered with lots of . Aroofs; leaves Brooves; leafs Croof; leaf Droofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies 7、That was a fifty engine. Ahorse power Bhorse
27、s power Chorse powers Dhorses powers 8、My father often gives me . Amany advice Bmuch advice Ca lot of advices Da few advice 9、Mary broke a while she was washing up. Atea cup Ba cup of tea Cteas cup Dcup tea 10、Can you give us some about the writer? Ainformations Binformation Cpiece of informations D
28、pieces information 11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning. Ateas; bread Bteas; breads Ctea; breads Dtea; bread 12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than . Alights; sounds Blight; sound Csound; light Dsounds; lights 13、She told him of all her and . Ahope; fear Bhopes; fear Chopes;
29、fears Dhope; fears 14、The rising did a lot of to the crops. Awater; harm Bwater; harms Cwaters; harm Dwaters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school? Its about . Ahalf an hours drive Bhalf hours drives Chalf an hour drives Dhalf an hour drive 16、The shirt isnt mine. Its . AMrs Smith BM
30、rs Smith CMrs Smiths DMrs Smiths 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of . AMarys mother BMarys mothers CMary mothers DMarys mothers 18、Last week I called at my . Aaunt Baunts Caunts Dauntes 19、The beach is a throw. stonesD stonesC stones Bstone A20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. APeter BPeter CPeters DPete
