1、北师大高一英语知识点 北师大版高中英语 知识概要与语法总结必修一1.共有三个单元2.各单元知识点第一单元：一般现在时，现在进行时，begoingto第二单元：一般过去时，过去进行时，现在完成时第三单元：被动语态，情态动词3.全书单词数量为：204个词组数量为：44北师大版高一英语必修一第1单元一.重点句法词法。 Lesson 11.疑问句+do you think+述句结构。该句式常用来询问对方对某事的意见或想法。Do you think 在句中作插入语。除了think以外，动词believe, imagine, suppose, guess, suggest等也常用于该句式。Who do y
2、ou think will give us a talk next week? 你觉得下星期谁给我们做报告？What do yor think he will do tomorrow? 你认为他明天会做什么？2.I thinkbut常用来表达先是肯定然后转折。 I thought he should come by air, but he preferred to drive is new car.我以为他会坐飞机来，但他更愿意驾驶他的新车。3.relaxing. Relaxing 是由及物动词relax+ing构成的形容词，意思是“轻松的，令人放松的”。Boring和relaxing的构词法
3、相同，意思是“令人厌烦的，单调乏味的”。Relaxed“放松的”和bored“无聊的”常用来修饰人；而relaxing和boring均表示“令人”，常修饰物。Mary felt relaxed to make a relaxing conversation with a good friend, while Peter got bored with a lot of boring homework to do.和一个好朋友的轻松交谈让玛丽感到很放松，而要做很多无聊的作业使彼得感到很厌烦。The teacher said something relaxing to get him relaxed
4、, so Peter decided to do something satisfying to make the tacher satisfied.老师对他说了一些让人放松的事情使他放松，于是彼得决定做点儿令人满意的事情让老师满意。4.suppose（认为，猜想）的用法。(1)suppose+that从句，表示“猜测，假定”。I suppose that you are right. 我想你是对的。(2)supose+名词/代词+to be表示“认为是”Many people suppose him to be over 50.许多人认为他已经50多岁了。(3)suppose/supposi
5、ng作“假定，设想”讲，相当于连词if.Suppose you are wrong,what will you do then? 假如你错了，你将会怎样做呢？(4)be supposed to“被期望做，应该做”表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should.Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one? 我是应该打扫所有房间呢还是只这一间？They were supposed to be here an hour ago.(5)用于简略答语中。-Do you think well have good weather th
6、is weekend? 你认为周末天气会好吗？-I suppose so/not. 我想会吧/我想不会。5.Imagine.Imagine 常用于祈使句，表示一种假设或设想的情况，用法和意义与suppose基本一样。Imagine you marry such a lazy man. 想象一下你跟一个这样懒惰的人结婚。(1)imagine (doing) something. 想象（做）某事。She imagined walking into the office and handing in her report. 她想象着自己走进办公室，递上报告。(2)imaging sb. Doing
7、sth. 想象某人做某事I just can imagine him saying that! 我确实能想象到他那么说！(3)imagine sb./sth.(to be)认为某人/某事Dont imagine your husband to be always wrong.(4)imagine+that从句 想象，误认为Your cant imagine he should make such a mistake.你不到他竟然犯了这样的错误。6.forty-three-year-old是复合形容词，作定语，其中year不能用复数。The Eiffel Tower in Paris is a
8、120-year-old building. 巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔是一座有着120年历史的建筑。注意：（1）复合形容词中，被修饰的中心词与动词为主谓关系，该动词用现在分词形式；或动词与其修饰的中心词之间存在被动关系，则该动词用过去分词形式。English-speaking countries讲英语的国家a horse-drawn carriage一辆马车(2)复合形容词中若含有句词，名词往往用单数形式a three-year-old child一个三岁的孩子a three-hour-drive开车三小时的行程7.与turn相关短语turn on 打开（自来水、电灯、煤气、无线电等）turn off
9、 关掉（自来水、电灯、煤气、无线电等）turn up 把音量调大；出现、露面turn down 把音量调低；拒绝turn in 上缴，归还turn out 结果是，证明是turn over翻转，翻身turn to转向，求助于7.until到（时间、地点）为止He stayed here until twelve oclock. 他在这里一直待到十二点。Until还可以作连词。notuntil意思是“直到才”He will not give you any answer until he has thought it over. 他对此事仔细考虑之后才会给你答复。8.与“开、关”有关的词(1)o
10、pen/close/shut与door, window, box, book,eyes等连用(2)switch on/off多与radio, TV, light, computer等连用(3)turn on/off比switch on/off更通俗，多与radio, gas, water等连用。9.while引导时间状语从句，意思是“当的时候，与同时”，表示两个动作同时进行或两种状态同时存在。He was still studying while the others were sleeping.While还可以表示“然而、却”，连接两个并列句，含有对比的意味。Many people try
11、their best to help the homeless while some just stand by.很多人尽力于帮助那些无家可归的人，而有些人只是袖手旁观。10.couldnt dowithout这是一个双重否定结构。Without your help, I couldnt have made such great progress then.没有你的帮助，我不可能取得那么大的进步。11.与go有关的相关短语go about着手干；四处走动；（故事等）流传go against反对；违背；对不利go over检查；复习go on with继续go without没有而勉强应付；没有
12、也行go away/out离开；出去go after sb./sth.追求某人/谋求某事go through审查，检查，经过，度过；经历（痛苦、困难等）go in for 参加（考试或比赛）；爱好go wrong/mad出毛病/疯了go by时光流逝；顺便走访12.It takes sb. Some time to do sth. It takes some time for sb. To do sth.这两个句型是固定句型，意思是“某人花费多少时间做某事”13.“get+过去分词”构成系表结构，通常强调动作的发生，也可指状态的变化。此类结构还有：get lost 迷路get dressed
13、穿衣get hurt 受伤get paid得到报酬get married结婚14.动词不定式作后置定语。当被修饰的名词或代词有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last only等限定词时，要使用动词不定式作定语。I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到办公室。Miss Brown is the last person to rise to speak.布朗小姐是最后一个站起来发言的人。15.与take有关的短语take up占据take turns轮流take off 起飞take over接收，接管take in欺
14、骗，收留take down记下take on 呈现；雇用15.be filled with充满着，相当于be full offillup with用装满，填满fill in填写；度过（时光）16.so+形容词或副词+that引导结果状语从句，意思是“如此以至于”(1)so that=in order thatHe works very hard so that he can buy his own apartment.他努力工作，为的是能买一套自己的公寓。(2)suchthat作“如此以至于”讲，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。He was such an honest man that he w
15、as praised by the teacher.他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。注意：如果后边的名词前由many, much,few, little等词修饰的话，则不用such而用so.但当little的意思表示“small或young”时，仍然使用suchthat结构。17.bring组成的短语bring back拿回，带回，恢复，使想起bring down降低，使下降bring up扶养，养育bring in引起，带来，赚钱，赢利bring out使显露，生产bring about使发生，导致plain to sb.about/of sth. 向某人抱怨/诉苦 complain ab
16、out sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事 She is always complaining about something. 她总是满腹牢骚 Lesson 21.I find painting or drwing very relaxing这句用的是“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构类似的结构有：Find+宾语+形容词/副词Find+宾语+名词Find+宾语+现在分词/过去分词/to be不定式Find+宾语+介词短语She woke up and found herself in a hospital bed.2.stress lay/place/put stress on 把重点放
17、在上3.take place与happen, occur的用法区别take place:指按计划、安排“发生”；“举行，进行”，相当于holdhappen：指偶然、意外的“发生”；“碰巧”，后面接动词不定式occur作“发生”解，一般可与happen互换。Occur还表示“想起、想到”It happened that the driver was his cousin. 那位司机碰巧是他的表弟。When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行？The idea occurred to him in a dream.4.suffer与suffer
18、 fromSuffer:意为“遭受（痛苦、损失）”，其宾语为pain, loss, punishment, wrong, hardship等Suffer from:指遭受战争、自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之苦They suffered a great loss in the earthquake. 在地震中，他们遭受了重大损失。They suffered from all kinds of diseases in those years. 那些年他们身患各种各样的病。5.reduceto 表示“减少到”；其中介词to表示“减少后的结果” reduceby表示“减少了”；其中介词by表示“减少的程度
19、或幅度”6.I cant stand talking in front of others. “talking in front of others”为动名词短语作stand的宾语后跟劝名词作宾语的动词还有：consider, admit, avoid, practise, appreciate, risk, imagine等We are considering buying a new car.我们在考虑买一辆新车。She tried to avoid answering my questions.她试图避而不答我的问题。7.prefer sth./doing sth.更喜欢 Prefer
20、to do sth. 宁愿做某事 Prefer sth./doing sth. to sth./doing sth.宁愿而不愿 Prefer sb. To do sth. 宁愿某人做某事 Prefer to do sth. rather than do 宁愿而不愿 Prefer that sb. (should) do sth.宁愿某人做某事 Lesson 31.volunteer（1）作名词，表示“志愿者”常接介词或不定式The volunteers for community service are doing a good job. 社区服务的志愿者做得很出色。（2）作动词，表“自愿去做
21、”常跟to do 不定式The young man volunteered to help the old man. 那个年轻人主动去帮助那位老年人。Voluntary: adj. 自愿的，志愿的She does voluntary work for the Red Cross. 她自愿义务为红十字会工作。2. pay attention to注意，留心，重视，相当于fix ones attention on/upon Draw/attract ones attetion (to)引起某人的注意；使某人注意 Lesson 41.连词before引导的时间状语从句 Im always tried
22、 before I arrive at work. 这样每天到办公室前，我就已感到很疲倦。连词before的常见用法：（1）it will be/was+时间段+before+时间状语从句：过了（一段时间）才It was quite a few years before he finally finished his novel. 过了好多年他才写才了这本小说（2）It wont be/wasnt+时间段+before+时间状语从句：没过多久就It wont be long before we meet again.（3）强调从句动作还没有发生，主句动作就发生了，作“还没来得及/没等就”讲Be
23、fore I could sit down he offered me a cup of tea. 没等我坐下，他就给我端上一杯茶。（4）趁着Try to grasp the opportunity before it is too late. 趁现在还不晚，一定要抓住机会。2.有关make sure的短语(1) make sure that+宾语从句注意：make sure 后面常接that引导的宾语从句，后接名词时需加介词of/about一般不用不定式，没有make sure to do sth.的句型。(2) be sure to do sth.务必/一定会做某事(3) be sure
24、of/about be sure that+从句，表示肯定，对有把握3.especially, specialy, particularlyespecially:意为“尤其、特别地”。用来加强语气，常用在所强调的主语、介词短语、形容词、副词及状语从句前。specially:意这“特意的，专门地”。强调不广泛，是专门为某一目的而进行的特地行为。Particularly：=in particular“特别的，尤其”；表过某事不寻常、过分或特别重要。常用于修饰名词、介词短语。4. at the moment此刻，目前，常用于现在进行时 For the moment暂时，目前 For a moment
25、片刻，一会儿 In a moment 立刻，马上 The moment“一就”5.notanymore和no more意思想同，表示“不再”Hurry up! I cant wait anymore. = Hurry up! I can no more wait. 快点，我不能再等了。6.as a result因此，结果 As a result of +n./pron.由于Result in 导致，造成结果Result from起因于，由于Without result毫无结果地，徒劳地e up with 提出，想出（计划、主意等） Come across偶然遇到Come about发生，产生C
26、ome out（花儿）开放；出，发行； Come true成真，变成现实8. include与contianinInclude作“包含”解时，其后的宾语只是整体中的一部分，侧重于围Contain作“包含”解时，其后的宾语指的是整体的全部或部分，侧重于容The bottle contains two glasses of beer.这瓶子能装两杯啤酒。Six people were killed, including a child. 6人死亡，其中包括一句小孩。9. “主语+be+said/thought/believed/supposed等+动词不定式”句型表示“据说，人们说”，相当于”It
27、 is/was+said/thought/believed/supposed等+that从句”It is said that Sydney is beautiful. 10.make a difference：有关系，有影响 Make no difference:没有影响 Make some difference：有一些影响二.语法1.一般现在时构成和句式：肯定式：主语+do/does或be(me/is/are)+其他否定式：主语+do/does+not或be(me/is/are)+not+其他疑问式：Do/Does或Be(am/is/are)+主语+其他用法：（1）表示现在发生的动作或存在的
28、状态。You look good in this new suit.（2）表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually, often, always, every day, sometimes, once a month, never等连用。I often feel cold at this time of year.（3）表示普遍真理和客观存在的事实。But it is spring now. It is warm in spring.（4）表示计划、安排好的将来动作。常用表示位置转移的动词。如go, come, arrive, leave, start, begin等。The
29、train leaves a 3:30 p.m.（5）在时间或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Well go to the park if it does not rain tomorrow.2.现在进行时构成和句式：肯定式：主语+ be(me/is/are)+doing+其他否定式：主语+ be(me/is/are)not+doing+其他疑问式：be(me/is/are)+主语+doing+其他用法：（1）表示正在时行的动作。Peter, what are you doing there?（2）表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。We are studying Spani
30、sh this semester.（3）表示将要发生的动作， 一般跟时间状语，表明动作发生的时间。常见的动词有arrive, begin, come, go, leave,start, stay等。He is leaving for London next week.（4）表示发展中或正在改变的情况The weather is getting colder and colder.（5）现在进行时可与always, forever, continually, constantly等副词喧嚣用，表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，含有抱怨、赞叹、厌倦等感情色彩。He is always changing
31、 his mind.（6）用于动词hope, want, 和wonder等，表示一种比一般现在时态更委婉的证据。I am wondering if you can lend me your bike.3.一般将来时构成及用法：（1）“will+动词原形”，常用来表示将来存在的状态、将要发生的动作；还可表示一种没有经过仔细考虑的主观意图，可能是在说的当时才作出的决定。It will be my birthday in two days.I will buy you a new car for your birthday.（2）“be going to+动词原形”：可以表示近期的打算，常用来表示事先已经决定或安排要做的事，常
