1、英语专四完形填空的对策英语专四语法总结时态、语态1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：Ill tell him when you will ring again. (宾语从句) 比较：Ill tell him when you ring again. (状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they di
2、dnt know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式)2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artifi
3、cial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/
4、during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。如：The changes that had taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.
5、It is four years since John left school.(4)在It is the +序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时。如：It isnt the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.(5)在no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen句型中，主句常用过去完成时。3.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。如：The company has been promising a rise in salary for a
6、ges, but nothing has happened.时态、语态答题思路：(1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态，然后回到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语，缩小选择范围，进而选出正确答案；(2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。英语专四语法总结非谓语动词的其他考点非谓语动词的其他考点1.接不定式或动名词做宾语都可以，但在意思上有区别的动词的用法mean to do想要(做某事) mean doing意味(做某事) propose to do 打算(做某事) propose doing建议(做某事)forget to do忘记(要做的
7、事) forget doing忘记(已做的事) remember to do记得(要做某事) remember doing记得(做过)go on to do继而(做另一件事) go on doing继续(做原来的事) stop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔2.不定式的习惯用法句型：cannot help but do cannot but do cannot choose but do can do nothing but do have no choice/alterna
8、tive but to do上述句型的意思接近，即“不得不做”、“不禁做”、“不由自主地做”、“不能不做”、“只能做”。如：Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.3.动名词的习惯用法句型：be busy/active d
9、oing sth. have difficulty/trouble/problem doing sth. Its no good/use/picnic doing sth. have a good/great/wonderful time doing sth. spend/waste time doing sth. There is no point/sense/harm/ use doing sth.cannot help doing sth. There is no doing sth.I know it isnt important but I cant help thinking ab
10、out it. There is no use crying over spilt milk.Alice was having trouble controlling the children because there were so many of them.4.there be 非谓语动词的用法(1)做宾语时取决于谓语动词的持续要求。如：The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(expect要求接不定式做宾语)(2)做目的状语或程度状语时用for there to be
11、，做其他状语用there being。如：For there to be successful communication, there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present.(for there to be在句中做目的状语)It isnt cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jims car out quite safely. (for there to be在句中做程度状语)There be
12、ing no further questions, well stop here today. (there being做原因状语)(3)引导主语用for there to be。如：It is unusual for there to be no late comers today.(4)做除for外的介词宾语，用there being。如：He would always ignore the fact of there being such a contradiction in his inner thought. 英语专四语法总结复合句(1)复合句形容词性(定语)从句1.尤其要注意who
13、se的用法whose在从句中做定语，修饰名词。所以，如果关系代词后面紧接的是名词，且关系代词又不在从句中做主语或宾语，那么，这个关系代词就应该是whose。如：He is the right person whose personality is well recognized.2.介词+ which的用法如果从句中主宾成分齐全，考生便可考虑关系代词是否在从句中做状语，而状语通常用介词短语充当，于是可以得知，关系代词前面应有介词，再分析所给的选项，根据与名词的搭配作出正确选择。如：We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides
14、 the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.3.as 与which用作关系代词的区别(1)as与the same, such, so, as等关联使用。如：As the forest goes, so goes its animal life.(2)as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，但as在句中的位置比较灵活，可出现在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出现在句末，尤其是当先行词是整个句子时。如：As is true in all instit
15、utions, juries are capable of making mistakes.As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.常见的这类结构有：as has been said before, as has been mentioned above, as can be imagined, as is known to all, as has been announced, as can be seen from these figure
16、s, as might/could be expected, as is often the case, as has been pointed out, as often happens, as will be shown等。4.关系代词that与which用于引导定语从句的区别(1)如果关系代词在从句中做宾语，用that, which都可以，而且可以省略；(2)先行词是不定代词anything, nothing, little, all, everything时，关系代词用that；(3)先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰或由next，last, only, very修饰时，用that；(4
17、)非限定性定语从句只能用which引导；(5)关系代词前面如果有介词，只能用which。5.but做关系代词，用于否定句，相当于whonot, thatnot 这个结构的特点是主句中常有否定词或含有否定意义的词。如：There are few teachers but know how to use a computer. There is no complicated problem but can be solved by a computer. 英语专四语法总结复合句(2)复合句名词性从句一个句子起名词的作用，在句中做主语、宾语介词宾语、表语、同位语，那么这个句子就是名词性从句。1.wh
18、at/whatever的用法 考生应把握：what是关系代词，它起着引导从句并在从句中担当一个成分这两个作用。如：They lost their way in the forest, and what made matters worse was that night began to fall.(what既引导主语从句又在从句中做主语)Water will continue to be what it is todaynext in importance to oxygen. (what既引导表语从句又在从句中做表语)2.whoever和whomever的区别whoever和whomever
19、相当于anyone who，用主格与宾格取决于其在从句中做主语还是做宾语。如：They always give the vacant seats to whoever comes first. (whoever在从句中做主语)3.有关同位语从句的问题(1)引导词通常为that, 但有时因名词内容的需要，也可由whether及连接副词why, when, where, how引导。that不表示任何意义，其他词表示时间、地点、原因等。如：The problem, where I will have my college education, at home or abroad, remains
20、untouched.(2)同位语从句有时与先行词隔开，注意识别。如：Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.4.whether与if在引导名词性从句时的区别(1)主语从句只能用whether引导；(2)whether一般多用于宾语从句的肯定式，而if引导的从句可以有否定式；(3)whether or not可以连在一起用，而if or not则不能，or not只能放在句末；(4)whether可以引导介词宾语从句，if则不能；(5)宾语从句提至
21、谓语前面时，只能用whether引导；(6)在question, ask后面一般只用whether，question的同位语从句也用whether引导；(7)后接不定式时，只能用whether。5.动词believe, expect, fancy, imagine, suppose, think后的宾语从句如为否定式，一般将否定词转移到主句谓语上。英语专四语法复习汇总：复合句(3)复合句副词性(状语)从句副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。状语从句的测试重点为：考
22、查考生对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。1.条件状语从句的常考知识点(1)if与unless的用法。if和unless都是引导条件状语从句的连词，考生应尤其注意unless的用法，因为它表示反面条件，相当于if not“如果不”、“除非”。如：In debating, one must correct the opponents facts, deny the relevance of his proof, or deny that what he presents as proof, if relevant, is sufficient.(2)复合连词as lon
23、g as，so long as，as far as，on condition that，in the event that；动词及分词provided(that)，providing(that)，given that, suppose/supposing(that)，assuming，say等引导条件状语从句。如：You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you dont mind taking the night train.Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordi
24、nary times, he is sure to pass the test.In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her. (如果)You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank. (如果)Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如) Say it were true, what would you do about it? (假如)(3)祈使句表示条件。如：Dress
25、 warmly, or else youll catch cold.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, and youll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.2.让步状语从句的常考知识点(1)as 引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。如：Much as he likes her, he does get irritated with her s
26、ometimes.Humble as it may be, there is no place like home.(2)while引导让步从句。如:Everybody cheats a little, some psychologists say, while others insist that most people are basically honest and some wouldnt cheat under any circumstances.(3)复合连接词for all that和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。如:Granted you hav
27、e made much progress, you should not be conceited.For all that computers can provide us with great help, they shouldnt be seen as substitutes for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.3.时间状语从句的常考知识点(1)before表示汉语的 “只有/必须才能”。如: New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accep
28、ted.(2)when引导时间从句时，如果出现在后半句，则表示“这/那时突然”。如：I have just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard the voices.(3)when it comes to 是习惯用法，意为“当谈到时”。如：Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to classroom tests.(4)名词短语、介词短语e
29、ach /every time, the moment/second/minute, in the time, by the time起连词作用。如:I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”Mer
30、curys velocity is so much greater than the Earths that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.(5)副词directly, immediately, instantly, now引导时间从句, 相当于as soon as。如:The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.4.原因状语从句的常考知识点(1
31、)in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如:Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.(2)now that表示 “既然”; seeing that, considering表示“
32、鉴于”、“考虑到”。如:Now that we have all the material ready, we should begin the new task at once.He did poorly in the examinations, considering how hard he had tried for them.Seeing that she is lawfully old enough to get married, I dont think you can stop her.其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有: for the (simple) reason that, by reason that, on the grounds that, in as much as, in so far as等。5.w
