1、CET4作文写作步骤及技巧CET-4作文写作步骤及技巧提纲式作文是历年四、六级考试中最常见的题型，它要求考生根据给出的题目和提纲，确定文章的中心思想，然后紧紧围绕中心思想展开论述，表达提纲的主旨。它的优点是提纲既体现了文章的层次，又规定了各段大体的内容，为考生提供了一条思路，稍加思索、计划、整理就可成文。但缺点是如果审题不当，反而容易丢分。另外，它的限定性较大，不理解提纲所展现的内容或词汇，就会感到难以下笔。一、步骤和技巧：1写好提纲式作文的关键是认真审题和分析所给的提纲，认清题目和提纲之间的关系，然后确定文章的主题、内容以及文体。2每一个提纲可以作为文章的一个段落层次，段落的展开围绕提纲的中
2、心和内容，不能偏离，也不能任意增减。3提纲只是对文章的提示和概括，不是主题句。这需要根据提纲的性质，写出完整的、体现提纲主旨的句子，使之成为主题句。然后围绕主题句进行扩展。4收集材料支持主题句。材料可以是事实、例证、亲身经历、名人名言、谚语警句等。应当注意的是，所选材料要与文章的主题相符，即要“扣题”。同时要具有典型性，能充分说明问题。在有多个例证的段落中，还要注意各个例证之间的连贯性。二、审题和构思：根据下题写一篇不少于100词的作文：My View on Job-hopping1）有些人喜欢始终从事一种工作，因为2）有些人喜欢经常换工作，因为3）我的看法显而易见，这是一道提纲式的作文题。可
3、以通过以下审题和构思过程完成这篇作文：1分析题目和提纲可知，应该写一篇说明文，当然其中可以夹有议论。要写出“不换工作”和“换工作”的原因，然后给出自己的看法，重点是原因和看法。2根据提纲，文章可分3段，第1段是“喜欢从事一种工作”的原因；第2段写出“喜欢经常换工作”的原因；第3段是“我的”看法。3根据以上分析，可以把提纲转换为主题句如下：Some people tend to stick to their position all the timeSome people are differentThey are in the habit of job-hoppingI am not in f
4、avour of constant job-hopping4以材料支持各段主题句。第1段的材料可以是：喜欢那份工作的各种原因：有发展前途、工资高等；第2段经常“跳槽”的原因：不能施展自己的才能，谋求更高的收入等。第3段也要说明原因，并总结归纳，圆满结尾。三、参考范文： My View on Job-hoppingSome people tend to stick to their positions all the time，as they think the longer one works in a particular field，the more skillful one will b
5、e at itSome have been teachers all their livesSome devote all their energy to scientific researchSuch people love their work and turn out to be specialists in their own fieldsThey are usually high achieversSome are differentThey are in the habit of job-hopping，for they always purpose what is new and
6、 stimulatingThey never seem content with their present situationsThey like to meet more people，make more money and new acquaintances，so they hop from job to jobAs far as I am concerned，I am not in favour of constant job-hopping I believe in a famous proverb，“A rolling stone gather no moss”I want to
7、be professionally strongAnd I respect those who devote themselves to their affectionate jobs throughout their life. 四六级写作技法和策略(CET4写作指导1) 1 对应法 由于四六级写作都是提纲式写作，有时，我们可以采用对应法按照中文提纲分别写成三段。如：96年6月份考题：提纲：1）有人认为淡水是取之不尽的。（雨水、河水、井水）2） 实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。（人口增加、工业用水增加）3） 我们应该怎么办？Global Shortage of Fresh WaterGenerall
8、y, people think that fresh water is inexhaustible. Every year there is enough rain. And there is plenty of fresh water in the rivers and lakes. Whats more, we have a lot of underground water.Actually, fresh water is in a short supply. Due to the rapid population increase, fresh water consumption rem
9、ains great. Besides, with the development of industry, more water is needed. Moreover, a lot of our rivers and lakes have been so polluted that water from them is undrinkable.We must take some measures to solve the problem of water shortage. First, population growth should be slowed down to reduce f
10、resh water demand. Second, pollution should be controlled to purify fresh water in the river sand lakes. What is most important, we should cherish every drip of water in our daily life.再如：95年1 月份试题：提纲：1） 有人认为钱是幸福之本（source of happiness）2） 有人认为金钱是万恶之源(root of evil)3） 我的看法。Some think that money is the
11、source of happiness. Once they have money, they will enjoy everything. They can use the money they have to buy, a beautiful house or even a wife.Some others think that money is the root of all evil. Due to the greed for money, people will do various kinds of evil things, such as stealing, robbing or
12、 even murder. Money can easily change a kind, honest man into a cruel, cunning woe.In my opinion, both of the above-mentioned viewpoints go to an extreme. Money itself is neither good nor evil. It all depends on how we look at it.We can not deny the importance of money in the modern society. Meanwhi
13、le, we should not ignore the fact that something can not be bought by money, such as friendship, true love and so on.这两例都是采用了对应写作方式，将提示中的三句分别扩展成三段，三段之间相互衔接，构成一个完整的篇章。2调整法尽管是提纲式写作，提纲所提示的只是文章所要包括的主要内容，却不是文章的结构模式，一般情况下，同学们应根据英语文章的类型，重新安排文章。如上面有关钱的一个写作，按照英语的表达习惯，最好是加上一个引子。What is money? To this question
14、, different people hold differently. Some thing money is the source of happiness, while some regard it as the root of all evils. As far as I am concerned, they both have their reasons Those who consider money as the source of happiness argue that money means massive house, beautiful clothes, or luxu
15、rious cars, and can enable them and their families live comfortably. They even believe that money can bring power, friendship, and love. But due to the temptation of money, there are many people who become thieves, robbers, or murderers. It is also out of the greed for money that some officials forg
16、et their duty and cause enormous losses to the country, so some people think that money is the root of all evil and suggest that we keep away from money.In fact, money is merely a medium of exchange. It may bring you happiness; it may lead you to a life of crime. Whether it is good or bad depends on
17、 how it is used.二、 首段和尾段的写作上一讲中我们介绍了段落的扩展模式，也就是说，我们已经了解了文章中间一部分的叙述模式。根据四六级写作的特点，一般首段和尾段都要自己补上，那么怎么才能写好首尾段呢，下面我介绍一下，首尾段的写作方式。1首段的写作首段的写作方式一般为：运用事实性信息、调查或故事等引出话题，2）导入主题，然后提出自己的观点，也就是文章的论点首段开篇的方式常见的有：1） 谚语法由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。As the saying goes, Money makes the mare go, but there are man
18、y things we cant buy with money, such as time and true love. 2） 定义法定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。Practice makes perfect is an old saying. It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something. As long as we keep on trying and practicing, we will do a good job in th
19、e end.3） 提问法通过提问一个或一连串的问题，可以激发读者的兴趣，从而引出主题。a. Do you have many friends? Are they similar to you or different from you? Which kind of friends do you prefer?b. What is a good student? Different people may have different answers to this question.4） 概括法概括法指先总结文章内容所涉及的现状，然后引出主题。In recent years, with the
20、development of science and technology, the Internet has come into more and more homes and is playing a more and more important role in our work and daily life. It has become a must to us, but at the same time, Internet has also brought with it a lot of problems.5） 故事法故事法指用简单有趣的故事激发读者的兴趣，从而提出自己的观点。如下
21、面Is Stress a Bad Thing?6） 引语法Just as eating without liking harms the health, learning without interest harms the memory and cant be retained. From Vincis words we can see how important it is to motivate the students in language learning.7） 调查法为了得到读者的认可，文章的开始可以引出调查数据等，借以提出主题，如下面Is Stress a Bad Thing?
22、的1）和Can School children Start Using the Internet?的4）。8） 假设法 假设法是指通过假设提出一种选择，交代文章要涉及的问题，从而提出文章的主题。Suppose you were offered two jobs, one is highly-paid but rather demanding, the other is less demanding, but poorly-paid, which would you prefer? 9） 综合法具体写作时，同学们没有必要拘泥于一种方式，可以将上述方法总和起来。首段示例1：题目：Is Stress
23、 a Bad Thing?提纲：1）有人害怕压力2） 有人认为压力并不是一件坏事3） 我的看法 I cant stand the pressure and competition, explained one friend of mine when asked why he decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently. My friend may have his own reasons, but I dont think his decision is wise in reali
24、ty.It is true that my friends case is not unique. In the last few years quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive at the cost of a comfortable, easy life a highly-paid job can obtain. They are afraid that the stresses and strains of work will rob them of joy and ha
25、ppiness and do them harm both physically and mentally. In fact, however, stress isnt the bad thing it is often supposed to be. Unless it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to an otherwise meaningless, idl
26、e life. People under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own personal worth - the very aim of a human life.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. What we can do is to develop our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather tha
27、n to escape from it.就这一标题而言，根据所提示的提纲，首段的写作还可以采用下列方式：1) According to a recent survey, in the last few years, quite a number of young people have chosen to quit their demanding but highly-paid jobs.Although they may have their own respective reasons, I dont think their decision is wise in reality.2) W
28、hich job do you prefer, a highly-paid but very competitive position or a poorly-paid but also less demanding job? You may choose the latter and have your own reasons, but I dont think this choice is wise enough whatever reasons.3) Faced with a hard and demanding task, peoples attitude varies widely:
29、 some try to avoid it and others regard it as a challenge to their abilities.In fact the choice we make between flight or fight make the difference between leaders and mediocrities(平庸之辈).首段示例2：标题：Can Schoolchildren Start Using the Internet?提纲： 1）随着科技的发展，网络越来越普及；2）网络有其优点但也有缺点；3）我的观点根据上面的提示，首段可有下列几种方式
30、：1) Nowadays, using the Internet has become a fashion. Many parents begin to teach their children to use the Internet. However, there are diverseopinions on this. Some think it wise, but I dont agree with them.2) Today, the Internet is becoming more and more common. It begins to play a more and more
31、 important role in our society and life. Its so useful that most adults are learning how to use it. What about children? Of course they can start using it.3) Today, with the development of science and technology, the Internet is beginning to play a more and more important role in our life. More and more people are starting to use the Internet, including schoolchildren. However, I think schoolchildren are too young to start using the Internet.4) According to a recent survey, Internet users are becoming younger and younger, and Internet bar
