1、therebe句型以及特殊用法结构There be 句型 （cyclopedia）There be 是英语中常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”。There在此结构中是引导词，已经没有副词“那里”的含义。There be 后面的名词是句子的主语，属倒装结构。疑问句形式是将be或will/have/can/must等助动词、情态动词提至there之前，否定形式则直接在be或助动词、情态动词后加 not，因此要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候常用“There be + 名词+ 地点（时间）这一句型。There+be是一种常见的“表示存在”的句型。 There+be后可接名
2、词或动名词。结构1、There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致，即“近主原则”，如：There is a lamp on the table.There are some apples in the bowl.There are five books,two pens and a ruler in the school bag.2、如果主语是复数名词，却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时，则仍用单数be形式，如：There is five hundred dollars to pay.There is still another 20 miles to drive.T
3、here is duck and green vegetables for supper.3，There are + n（复数名词/不可数名词）+ and + n（复数名词/不可数名词） 该句型表示同一类人或物的不同性质，尤其表示有好坏优劣之分，意为“有各种各样的”、如： There are friends and friends. 朋友有种种，有益友，有损友。 There is tea and tea. 茶叶各种各样，有好有差。4、There be 中的be 有时可以是lie,stand,used to be,seem to be,appear to be 等，如：There lies a
4、river to the south.There lived an old man in the small house.There stood a temple near the river.There used to be a castle at the foot of the hill.5、There is(was)+no +动词ing结构，译成“不可能做。”相当于It is(was) impossible to +动词原形，如：There is no going home. 回家是不可能了。There is no living with him. 不能和他同住了。There is no
5、 knowing what may happen. 不可能知道会发生什么事。语法主谓一致1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时，be 应该取单数is；当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时，be用复数are。There is some apple juice in the bottle.瓶子里有些苹果汁。There are some strangers in the street.大街上有一些陌生人。2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时，动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。There is an ashtray and two bottles on th
6、e shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。时态1. There be表示存在的“有”， 句型中动词be，有各种时态，一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。如: 一般现在时：there is/are；一般过去时：there was/were 一般将来时：there will be；过去将来时：there would be； 现在完成时：there has/have been；过去完成时：there had been 要特别注意be going to 在there be 句型中的运用。例如： There is going to be a film in the meeting hall.学
7、校礼堂里将有一场电影。 还可扩展为许多其它句型，下面对There be句型的扩展作一归纳。 1.There be+主语 这种句式表示事物的客观存在,There be放在句首,而把真正的主语放在后面,可以用来表示现在时、过去时、完成时和将来时。例如: There is a boy on the playground.操场上有个男孩。 There has been a lot of rain this month. 这个月雨水很多。 There will be an announcement soon. 不久会发布告。There is no harm in trying.不妨一试。There we
8、re fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring.去年春天，山中有极美的野花。There will be a fine day tomorrow.明天将是一个晴天。There have been several private schools in our area this year.今年，我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。2. There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词及ought to，have to，used to用在there be结构中。例如: there can be 是推断句，表示： 可能有.There must be som
9、ething wrong with the machine，for it doesnt run well. 机器一定出了毛病，因为他运转不正常。 There oughtnt to be too great a difference in our views. 我们的看法不应该存在太大的分歧。 There might be some good songs after all this trash. 在播放了这些乱七八糟的歌曲之后,可能会放几首好歌。 If the power hadnt been cut off so quickly, there could have been a big fi
10、re. 要不是迅速切断电源,可能会引发一场大火。There may be a cigarette in that box.那只盒子里或许有支香烟。There must be some cakes on the table.桌子上一定有些蛋糕。There used to be a hospital there before the war.战前，那里曾经有家医院。3.There be 句型也可以和比如这样一些的谓语动词连用：be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to .There seem to be a fe
11、w trees between me and the green.在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。There is gong to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有个会议。There is likely to be a storm.可能有一场暴雨。There happened to be a bus nearby.碰巧附近有辆公交车。There appears to have been a nasty accident.似乎发生了一起严重事故。4.There be +形容词 to be 结构There be certain to be 肯定有，There be sure to
12、be 肯定有，There be likely to be 可能有，例如： There are likely to be more difficulties than you were prepared for。 很可能会遇到你预想不到的困难。 There are sure to be a restaurant some where。 某处肯定有个饭店。5.there be 结构中除可以用be 外，还可以用其它动词。There+动词 ，这种句式只限于表示存在某种状态、发生某种事或某事、某人到达等动词,意义比there be 结构格更为生动贴切。如there后加上动词 live,lie seem,
13、appear,happen，tend,exist,arise,enter,come,go,remain，exist,rise,occur,flow,arrive,enter,follow等。而不适用于表示一般具体行动的动词。例如: Many years ago，there lived an emperor who cared more for clothes than for anything else. 许多年前有位皇帝热衷于漂亮的衣服胜过其他东西。 There stands a tall building across the river over there. 河对面耸立着一幢高层建筑物
14、。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 There comes a knock at the door.有人敲门。 There remains one question to be discussed.还剩一个问题要讨论。 There seems to be something wrong about it. 这事好像有点儿不大对头。 There appears to be no one who can answer this question. 看来没人能够回答这个问题。 There will follow an interval of five minutes. 随后将有五分
15、钟的休息。 There came a scent of lime-blossom.飘来一阵菩提树的花香。Once upon a time there lived a king in China.从前中国有一个国王。否定和疑问句1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式，一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后，如：There isnt a box in the room.房间里没有盒子。There arent any pens on the desk.课桌上没有钢笔。There hasnt been any rain for a week.一周没下雨了。There wont be a mee
16、ting today.今天没有会议。另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如：There is no water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。There are no pictures on the wall.墙上没有图画。There will be no one at home tomorrow morning.明天上午不会有人在家。There might be no money left。或许没有剩下什么钱。2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前，回答时用yes或no，后接简单答语。如：Is there a cake on the table?桌
17、子上有块蛋糕吗？Yes，there is. / No，there isnt.是，有。/ 不，没有。Will there be a party tonight？今晚有聚会吗？Yes，there will./ No, there wont是的，有。/ 不，没有。Have there been any letters from your mother lately?近日你妈妈有信来吗？Yes，there have./ No, there havent.是，有的。/ 不，没有。3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况：How many studen
18、ts are there in your school?你们学校有多少学生？How much money is there in your pocket?你口袋里有多少钱?4.There be 句型的反意疑问句There is a cup on the table, isnt there?桌子上有只杯子，是吗？There is some orange in the glass, isnt there?杯子里有桔汁，是吗?There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, arent there?邮筒里有很多信件，是吗？There will be a new h
19、ospital nearby, wont there?附近要建一家新医院，是吗?There be和have的比较1.区别点：there be 意为存在，强调某地有某物，不表示所属关系；have 表示所有关系， 强调某人或某地有某物，这是其基本用法。如：There are some trees in front of the house.房前有些树。Tom has many friends in China.汤姆在中国有许多朋友。2.相同点：在表示结构上的含有时，既可以用there be 句型，也可以用have（has） 来表示。如：There are many long rivers in C
20、hina.China has many long rivers.中国有许多长河。How many days are there in March?How many days dose March have?三月份有多少天？There be非谓语动词形式There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there being 和 there to be 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。1. there being 结构起名词的作用，直接位于句首作主语，通常用it 作形式主语，并且用for引导。there being 的用法在句中作主语、宾语和状语。1) 用作介词后的复合宾语I never dreame
21、d of there being a picture on the wall.我从未想到墙壁上有幅画。 （做介词的宾语）I was wrong about there being some misunderstanding between us.认为我们之间有误解是我的错误。（做介词的宾语）There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站，很是方便。（做主语）2. there to be 的用法：there be 结构作宾语时，通常用there to be ，常作这样一些词的宾语：expect，like,
22、 mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。1) there to be用作动词的复合宾语。某些动词 + there to be该结构中的动词往往是：expect, want, intend, mean, consider, like, hate, prefer等接不定式做宾语的动词。如： Would you like there to be a picture on the wall? 你喜欢墙壁上挂一张画吗？ （做宾语）We dont want there to be any comrade lagging behind. 我们不希望有一个同志掉队。（做宾语）I ex
23、pect there to be no argument about this.我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。（做宾语）I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs.我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。（做宾语）动词let后接there be 做宾语补足语。如： Let there be no misunderstanding。不要产生误会。 2) there to be用在It be + adj. for.的结构中It is impossible for there to be any more chance. 不可能在有
24、机会了。 （It做形式主语，从for开始的下划线部分才是真正的主语）It was too late for there to be any buses. 时间太晚，不会有汽车了。（It做形式主语，从for开始的下划线部分才是真正的主语）We waited for there to be another opportunity. 我们期待着还有下一次机会。for there to be 为不定式复合结构例如： For there to be no late comers was unusual。 没人迟到这是不寻常的事。 （下划线部分做主语）It is not cold enough for t
25、here to be frost。 天还不够冷不足以有霜冻。（It做形式主语，从for开始的下划线部分才是真正的主语）另外，there be的非谓语形式作介词的宾语时，如果是介词for，只能用“there to be，而其它介词用“there being”The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence.老师在等着大家都安静下来。I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me.我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。3. 作状语的there be 形式，通常用“there being
26、”结构。1) 作状语用的独立结构There being/having been是独立主格结构，在句中作状语。如： There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was burned black by the sun. （独立主格结构，做状语）好长时间未下雨，大地都给太阳烤焦了。 2）There（not） being/there（not） having been用作ing分词的复合结构在句中做主语或宾语。例如： There being a bus stop so near the house is an advantage。（做主语）
27、 公共汽车站离家这末近是一很有利的条件。 I dreamed of there being a holiday tomorrow。 我梦想明天有一假日。 （做介词宾语）There being nothing to do, we went home. 因为没有什么事要办，我们就回家了。 （独立主格结构，做状语）There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.由于身边没有别人，我只得自己干了（独立主格结构，做状语）There being nothing else to do ,we went home.因为没有其他事可做，我们就回
28、家了。（独立主格结构，做状语）They closed the door ,there being no customers.因为没有顾客，他们的店关门了。（独立主格结构，做状语）There+be是一种常见的“表示存在”的句型。 There+be后可接名词或动名词。There must be rules for the changes. 这些变化一定是有规则的。 There is no knowing what may happen. 不知道将要发生什么事。 There be 几种句型There be 句型（1）There is+no+动名词 这种句式可与It is impossible+动词不
29、定式替换,意为不可能做某事。例如: There is no stopping him. =It is impossible to stop him.不可能阻止他。 There is no guessing what will happen. 不可能猜到将会发生什么。 There be 句型（2）There is need for名词 意为需要。There is no need for+名词 意为不需要。例如: There is no need for anxiety. 不需要担心。 There is a great need for a book on this subject. 非常需要有一
30、本关于这个题目的书。 There be 句型（3） There is no need（for sb）+to do动词不定式.译成“对于某人没有必要做，”例如: There is no need for him to come.不需要他来了。 There is no need (for you) to start yet.(你)现在还没有必要动身。 There be 句型（4）There is no use+doing动名词 该句式可与It is no use+doing动名词互换,意为无用(无济于事)。例如: There is no use waiting any longer.=It is
31、no use waiting any longer.再等下去是没有用的。 There is no use(in) offering the olive branch now. 现在想和解也无济于事了。 There be 句型（5） There is nothing like There is not anything like该句型中“nothing/ not anything like”相当于“nothing / not anything better / more suitable than”，意为“没有什么比更好/更合适/更有效了”。如： There is nothing like a book for taking you out of yourself. 没有什么比书更能使你解脱自己了。 There is nothing like
