1、高考英语大一轮复习讲义 Unit 3 Life in the futureUnit 3Life in the future1previous(adj.)先前的；早先的2guide(n.)指导；向导；导游(vt.)指引；指导3tolerate(vt.)容忍；忍受4lack(vi.& vt.)缺乏；没有(n.)缺乏；短缺的东西5switch(n.)开关；转换(vt.)转换6greedy(adj.)贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的7impression(n.)印象；感想；印记impress (v.)使留下深刻印象impressive (adj.)给人深刻印象的8constant(adj.)时常发生的；连续不断
2、的constantly (adv.)不断地9surroundings(n.)周围的事物；环境surrounding (adj.)周围的10adjustment(n.)调整；调节adjust (vt.)11press(vi.& vt.)按；压；逼迫；(n.)按；压；印刷；新闻pressure (n.)压力12optimistic(adj.)乐观(主义)的optimism (n.)乐观主义13instant(n.)瞬间；片刻；(adj.)立即的；立刻的instantly (adv.)立即，立刻14settlement(n.)安居；解决settle(v.)安居；解决settler (n.)定居者1t
3、ake_up拿起；接受；开始；继续2lose_sight_of.看不见3speed_up加速4show_sb.around领某人参观5in_no_time立刻6be_back_on_ones_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原7sweep_up打扫；横扫8under_repair在修建中9blame_sb.for因而责怪某人10be_similar_to与相似1Well，now theres a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.现在，这里有一种装置，能利用生态学原理来处理掉废弃物。名师指
4、津：where引导定语从句，修饰先行词a system。例句仿写：许多人想得到那个位置，在那儿他会发展得更好。Many people want to get the position，where_they_will_develop_better.2Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我头痛。名师指津：hit by a lack of fresh air为过去分词短语作原因状语。例句仿写：假如给予更多的关心和照顾，这个孩子就不会变得如此自私和淘气。Given_more_attention and caring，the child w
5、ouldnt have become so selfish and naughty.3However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，由于车辆朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。名师指津：what引导宾语从句。例句仿写：前几天，我父亲开车以我认为危险的速度行驶。The other day，my father drove hi
6、s car at_what I thought was_a_dangerous_speed.4Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。名师指津：exhausted为形容词化的分词在句中作原因状语。例句仿写：长途旅游后，他们三个回到了家，又饿又累。After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry_and_tired.lack v& n缺乏；缺少的东西(2013浙江卷阅读理解)Its not that exercise makes yo
7、u healthy，its more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.与其说运动使你健康，倒不如说缺乏运动使你的身体虚弱，容易受到疾病的影响。 (1)v.(2)n.(3)Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you dont know?你是否想交更多的朋友，但缺乏信心和陌生人交谈？Though lacking_money，his parents managed t
8、o send him to a university.尽管缺钱，他的父母设法送他上大学。The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.公众缺乏环境保护的习惯被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。tolerate vt.容忍；忍受教材原句P18：At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.一开始，新的环境很难忍受。容忍，忍受Those who know to tolera
9、te others can naturally lead a happy life.那些懂得容忍他人的人自然可以生活得幸福。The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.运动世界不能容忍使用麻醉，因为这是作弊的基本形式。Earth is letting Mankind know that our waste and destruction will not be_tolerated_any_more.地球正在让人类知道我们的浪费和破坏不会再被忍受了instant adj.立即的
10、，立刻的；n.瞬间，刹那(牛津P1058)I recognized her the instant (that) I saw her.我一眼就认出她了。(1)(2)in instant need of help急需援助(3) 一就In_an_instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water.他马上脱掉衣服跳进了水里。We cant promise instant solutions，but we can promise to listen.我们不能保证立刻给予解决，但保证能认真听取意见。They carried out the vol
11、unteer activity the_instant/instantly they arrived there.他们一到达那里就从事志愿活动。.完成句子1According to the airline rules，we suggest you_ _(关掉手机) before boarding.答案：(should) switch off your mobile phone2As far as I know，our English teacher as well as other teachers never_(容忍考试作弊)答案：tolerates cheating in the exam
12、s3Since everything develops，we have to_(调整) to the changing situation.答案：make an adjustment4To our pity，the project had to be abandoned_(缺乏资金)答案：for lack of funds5Training is provided，so_(不需要先前的经验) for the job.答案：no previous experience is required.单项填空1(2014浙大附中高三质检)Many species are in danger of dyi
13、ng out because of a_of habitat.I couldnt agree more.We must take action for them as well as for ourselves.Awaste BpossessionCpollution Dlack解析：考查名词词义。句意为：许多物种由于缺乏栖息地而处于濒临灭绝的危险境地。我非常赞成。我们必须行动起来，为他们，也为我们自己。a lack of缺乏，符合句意。a waste of浪费；a possession of拥有，占有。答案：D2More and more highrise building have bee
14、n built in big cities_space.Ain search of Bin place ofCfor lack of Dfor fear of解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：因缺少空间，在大城市里，越来越多的高楼拔地而起。本题考查介词短语辨析。A项意为“搜寻”；B项意为“代替”；C项意为“因缺乏”；D项意为“以防”。答案：C3Did you recognize your former classmate whom you hadnt seen for many years at the party yesterday?Yes，I recognized him_I saw him
15、.Afrequently BconstantlyCquickly Dinstantly解析：frequently频繁地，constantly不断地，quickly很快地，instantly立即，马上。A、B、C选项均为副词。而D选项除了有副词词性外，还有连词词性，可引导句子，意为“一就”，根据句意可知应选D。答案：D4Some old people dont like pop music because they cant_so much noise.Aconcern BtolerateCundertake Dignore解析：考查动词辨析。句意为：有些老人不喜欢流行音乐，因为他们难以忍受流行
16、音乐的噪音。用tolerate表示“忍受”。答案：Blose sight of看不见教材原句P18：However，I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.但是，当我们到达一个看上去像是大市场的地方时，王平不见了，因为很多汽垫车都四面八方地从身边飞奔。(1)catch sight of.望见，看到come into sight出现在眼前，进入视野(2)at the sigh
17、t of.在看到时in/within sight在视线内，可以被看见out of sight看不见了，不被人看见Only a shortsighted man will lose_sight_of the importance of education.只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。I looked out of the window and caught sight of train passing by very quickly.我从窗户向外看去，看见了一列急驰而过的火车。The mountain town came_into_sight as we turned the las
18、t corner.我们拐过最后一个弯，山城就映入了我们的眼帘。take up占有(时间/空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起教材原句P17：I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.我仍然不能相信我是在接受去年获得的这个奖励。take over接管，控制，占据take back取回；把(某人)带回；把退货；取消take in收留，收容(某人)；包括；包含take off脱掉；模仿；起飞；成名take on雇用；聘用；开始呈现(山东高考)After he retired from office，
19、Rogers took_up painting for a while，but soon lost interest.退休后，罗杰斯学了一段时间画画，但很快便失去了兴趣。We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.我们想要找到一个七人餐桌，但它们都被占用了。We encourage each student to take_up a new sport or to try a new form of exercise.我们鼓励每一位学生参加一项新的体育运动或者尝试一种新形式的锻炼。.选词填空speed up；tak
20、e up；slide into；sweep up；be back on ones feet；lose sight of1Dont leave her alone to_the house after the party.答案：sweep up 2Donny has completely_after being treated carefully in hospital for a week.答案：been back on his feet3Many countries are faced with the problem about how to_economic development.答案
21、：speed up 4I watched the plane go higher and higher until I _it.答案：lost sight of5He_the room when no one was looking.答案：slid into 6Nowadays more and more people have started_boxing as a regular hobby and sport.答案：to take up.单项填空1(2014福建十所名校第二次联考)According to the research，women tend to_jobs requiring
22、 speech skills.Atake up Bpick up Clook up Dset up解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：根据研究，女士倾向于从事要求语言技能的工作。take up开始从事，占据，符合句意。pick up拿起，学会；look up(在词典或参考书中)查阅；set up创建，建立。答案：A2(2014潍坊市抽样监测)To be mentally healthy，you need to_good relationships with each other.Abuild up Bput upCtake up Dhold up解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：为了精神健康，你需要
23、和他人相互建立良好的关系。build up建立；put up张贴，搭起；take up占用；hold up阻挡。答案：A3(2014河北衡水二次调研)He didnt_ what he read because his mind was on something else.Atake on Btake inCtake over Dtake for解析：句意为：他没明白他所读的东西，因为他的心思在别的事情上。take in吸收，理解；take on雇用，呈现，承担；take over接管；take A for B把A误认为B。答案：B4(2013安徽皖西四校第二次联考)Many househol
24、ds in the neighborhood of the university_students to add to their income.Atake off Btake outCtake in Dtake up解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意为：这个大学附近的很多住户通过让学生留宿来增加收入。take off模仿；take out带某人出去(到餐馆、剧院、俱乐部等)；take in留宿，收留；take up开始从事。根据“增加收入”可知，此处应为“留宿”，故选C项。答案：C5The couple watched the Kongming light go higher and higher
25、 until they lost_of it.Aview BsceneCvision Dsight解析：句意为：那对情侣看着孔明灯越飞越高，直到看不见了。lose sight of意思是“看不见”。答案：D6At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was_.Aout of sight Bout of reachCout of order Dout of place解析：句意为：在火车站，母亲向女儿挥手告别直到火车从她的视野中消失。out of sight看不见，在视野之外；o
26、ut of reach够不到，力所不能及的；out of order混乱的；out of place不适合的，不恰当的。答案：AExhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。exhausted为形容词在句中作伴随状语。He spent seven days in the wind and snow，cold_and_hungry.他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了7天。Seriously injured，some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at
27、once.因严重受伤，其中有些乘客被立刻送到最近的医院。The boy lay，relaxed on the sofa.小男孩放松地躺在沙发上。Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。过去分词在句中作状语，和句子的主语是被动关系，在句中可以作时间、条件、原因、方式、让步及伴随状语。(2011四川卷)Offered an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.因为安迪在一部新电影中被分给一个重要角色，她得到了一个成名的机会。B
28、itten twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.那个邮递员被狗咬了两次后，他拒绝给我们家送信，除非我们把狗拴上。Dressed in her favorite skirt，she seemed to be more confident.穿着她最喜欢的裙子，她看起来更自信了。.单项填空1(2014德州模拟)The boy was sitting in his chair leisurely，_in the magazine he was reading.Abeing absorbed
29、 BabsorbingCto be absorbed Dabsorbed解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：那个男孩悠闲地坐在椅子上，沉浸于他所读的那本杂志之中。本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，需判断该动词与句子主语的关系。absorb与the boy之间为被动关系(be absorbed in意为“沉浸于”)，因此应用其过去分词形式。答案：D2(2014陕西五校二模)_the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.ABeing offered BTo offerCHaving offered DOffered解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：在毕业典礼上发言的机会让我万分高兴。根据句意可知，made之前的部分在句中作主语，故应用动词ing形式，且offer与the opportunity之间为动宾关系，所以选A项。答案：A3(2013保定模拟)_dozens of times，the poor
