1、句法总则海文钻石卡学员2014考生2012年11月3日 教学任务句法总则 = 告诉你 阅读一个英语句子的总体性规则当你有个句子看不懂的时候 总体应对策略 一个英语句子 所有单词查出来 依然串不成人话 英汉语言语序不一致 = 怎么不一致？= 把一个英语句子调整成汉语语序 = 认识单词即可看出人话 句法总则 = 就是把鸟语的语序变成人话 的语序好易通 牛津高阶英汉双解字典1、单句的阅读障碍 单句 只有一套主谓结构的句子一个单句 为什么会看不懂 A B C D E F G英汉语言语序不一致 = 怎么不一致？英语的基本语序 主干成分语序 基本句子结构 基本句型S V he died S L P I a
2、m a teacherS V O I teach English.S V O O I teach you English. S V O C I found English easy. 英汉语言在主干成分上语序完全一致英汉语言语序不一致 发生在修饰成分上 主干 S V P O C句子 修饰 定语 状语当有单句看不懂的时候 = 即找不到主谓宾的时候 找修饰成分 即 定语 状语 划掉不看 = 剩下的是主干 = 语序一致=认识单词就能看懂句子 Ss Oo V 那个站在我妈旁边的穿着红衬衫的女士是俺们英语老师 the lady in a red shirt standing beside my moth
3、er is our English teacher.来自吉林大学国际政治专业的博士杨辰为了帮俺们通过考试而教俺们英语yangchen, the phd majoring in international politics, coming from jlu., teaches us English to help us pass the examination. 具体怎么不一致: 不一致发生在修饰成分上 定语 是名词的限定 修饰限制名词 状语 是动作的状态 修饰限制动作在我国现在这个时期我们应当.we shouldthis time in our country 英语前重心 汉语后重心 语序差别
4、 穿着蓝衬衫的 帅哥 handsome in a red shirt 定语 状语 英语 N 定语 V 状语 汉语 定语 N 状语 V 2、定状同插找寻法与单句突破 定语 定语在句子里面是个什么构造 Yangchen is a good teacher. 英 汉语 后置定语 N 定语 = 定语 的 名词 prep phrase a boy in the room A prep B prep C prep D N prep N research on the structure and process A prep B and C adj. phrase a book useful for you
5、 N adj. prep N Ving/Ved phrase a boy walking on the road N Ving/Ved prep N inf phrase to do a way to solve our problem N inf. N 定语的极连结构 A prep B prep C prep D A Ved prep B prep C adj prep D Ving/Ved phrase 的本质 在N后面出现了Ving/Ved及其状语 a boy walking on the road N Ving/Ved inf. N 状语 按功能记 时间 地点 原因 条件 结果 目的同
6、位语 语法地位相同 进行解释说明 A, B A, or B A of B the hosted city of the 29th OG is the city of Beijing. prep phrase 定语 A of B of 极连结构 A of B of C of D 数量 hundreds of students a certain amount of . most of. 同位语插入语 ， A ， 2ds_forever2011 新浪Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the
7、 DSDPs drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the oceans surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.A Ved prep B and C interest rate inflation rate unemployment rate employment economic increase speed A f
8、ew art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement. V状: A Ved inf. B A prep B Ved p
9、rep C I will introduce a friend to you. S V O 状: A Ved inf B, C, and V 状 D of E of F and G prep H Ved prep I A prep B Ved inf C3、复合句的阅读障碍复合句 有两个及两个以上主谓结构的句子找不到有几个单句 不知道按何种顺序理解这些单句英语形合 汉语意合英语作为一种形合的语言，它的不同成分之间，一般会有介词 连词 标点 等起关联作用的词 来 链接。4、复合句的嵌套规则 S V O O S V O S L P S V SVOO SLP SLP SV SVO SVO SV SL
10、P5、括号匹配法与复合句突破 关系代词 whose who whom that as which 关联词 连词 and but or because if while since when where why for 标点 ： ；括号匹配法（ 左括号 遇有连接句子的关联词时 ）右括号 句号 遇有连接句子的并列连词 后续内容和前面无关It appeared 1 that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families 2 that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of Industrial Revolution.21从句1、名词性从句 主语 宾语 表语 同位语2、形容词性从句 定语从句3、副词性从句 状语从句S V O 1定:SVO 2 定: SV 3状:SLP 321
