1、交通运输快速交通（交通运输）快速交通Rapid transit捷运 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia从Wikipedia，自由的百科全书 Jump to: navigation , search跳转到： 导航 ， 搜索 This article is about grade-separated rail transport.这篇文章是关于分层铁路运输。 For other uses, see Rapid transit (disambiguation) .对于其他用途，见捷运（歧义） 。 1996 stock at St Johns Wood on t
2、he London Underground , the oldest rapid transit system in the world 1 1996年股票在圣约翰伍德在伦敦地铁 ，世界上最古老的捷运系统1 Interior of a Helsinki Metro train室内一赫尔辛基地铁列车 A rapid transit , metro(politan) , subway , underground , or elevated railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with high capac
3、ity and frequency, and which is grade separated from other traffic. 2 3 Rapid transit systems are typically either in underground tunnels or elevated above street level.一个快速公交 ， 地铁（politan），地铁 ， 地下或高架铁路系统是电动 客运 铁路在市区的高容量和频率，以及哪些是分层的其他交通。 2 3快速公交系统通常无论是在地下隧道或以上的街道级升高。 Outside urban centres, rapid tra
4、nsit lines sometimes run grade separated at ground level.城市中心外，快速公交线路，有时在地面上运行年级分开。 Some systems use different types in different areas.一些系统使用不同地区不同类型。 Service on rapid transit systems is provided on designated lines between stations using electric multiple units on rails , although some systems use
5、 rubber tires .对快速公交系统服务是在指定线路上提供车站使用电动多个单位在轨 ，虽然有些系统使用橡胶轮胎 。 They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transit authorities .他们是典型的集成与其他公共交通工具和公共经营往往由同一运输当局 。 Rapid transit is faster and has a higher capacity than trams or light rail , but is not
6、 as fast or as far-reaching as commuter rail .捷运是更快，更高的容量比电车或轻铁 ，但为不一样快或深远， 通勤铁路 。 It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little land use.这是在其运输能力以最快的速度几乎没有土地使用短距离大批人受到质疑。 Variations of rapid transit include monorails , people movers
7、, small-scale light metro and the commuter rail hybrid S-Bahn .快速的变化，包括过境单轨铁路 ， 人们搬运工 ，小规模的光城域和通勤铁路混合的S - Bahn 。 Today, whether any given system is considered a true rapid transit system or not depends on its configuration and implementation.今天，无论任何给定的系统被认为是一个真正的快速运输系统与否取决于它的配置和实施。 The first rapid t
8、ransit system was the London Underground , which opened in 1863.第一个捷运系统是伦敦地铁 ，其中1863年开幕。 The technology quickly spread to other cities in Europe and then to the United States , where a number of elevated systems were built.这项技术迅速蔓延到欧洲其他城市，然后到美国 ，其中一个系统建成数升高。 Since then the largest growth has been in
9、 Asia, especially China , and with driverless systems.自那时以来最大的增长已在亚洲，特别是中国 ，并与无人驾驶系统。 More than 160 cities have rapid transit systems, totalling more than 8,000kilometres (5,000 mi) of track and 7,000 stations. 160多个城市拥有捷运系统，总金额超过8000公里（5,000英里）的轨道和7000站。 Twenty-five cities have systems under constr
10、uction.二十五个城市已在建的系统。 Out of that twenty-five, seventeen of them are in China.一出二五，他们中的17是在中国。 Contents内容 hide 1 Terminology 1 术语 2 History 2 历史 3 Operation 3 操作 o 3.1 Lines 3.1 行 o 3.2 Passenger information 3.2 乘客信息 o 3.3 Safety and security 3.3 安全和安保 4 Infrastructure 4 基础设施 o 4.1 Variations 4.1 的变化
11、 o 4.2 Stations 4.2 监测站 o 4.3 Comparison 4.3 比较 5 Costs, benefits, and impacts 5 成本，效益和影响 6 See also 6 参见 7 Notes 7 注释 8 References 8 参考 edit Terminology 编辑 术语 Main article: Passenger rail terminology主要文章： 客运铁路术语 The Paris Metro style entrance to Square-Victoria Station of the Montreal Metro .在巴黎地铁入
12、口的风格广场，维多利亚车站的蒙特利尔地铁 。 Metro is the most common term for underground rapid transit systems, 4 although in English speaking countries the terms subway 5 and underground 6 are also used. 地铁是最常见的快速公交系统长期的地下， 4虽然在英语国家的条款地铁 5和地下 6也使用。 In some cities, generally in the United States and Canada , the term s
13、ubway applies to the entire system, while in others only to those parts that are actually underground.在一些城市，普遍在美国和加拿大 ，术语适用于整个地铁系统，而其他人只能在地下的部分是实际。 Another caveat is that in the UK a subway is a pedestrian underpass, so the expressions Underground and Tube are used, except in Glasgow where its calle
14、d Subway .另一个需要注意的是，在英国的地铁是一个行人地下通道，因此中，“地下”和“管”是用来调用，除非在格拉斯哥地方的地铁站 。 Above-ground rapid transit systems that are above street level are known by names such as elevated trains ( New York City ), and L or el ( Chicago ).地面快速公交系统，水平高于已知的街道（ 高架火车的名称，如纽约市 ）和l或厄尔尼诺 （ 芝加哥 ）。 More recent examples are SkyTr
15、ain ( Vancouver and Bangkok ). 7 Other terms for rapid transit systems are the U-Bahn 8 and T-bane . 9 最近的例子是轻轨 （ 温哥华和曼谷 ）。 7交通快速系统的其他条款是的U - Bahn 8和T型祸根 。 9 edit History 编辑 历史 Main article: History of rapid transit主要文章： 快速公交的历史 Rapid transit evolved from steam railways during the late 19th century.
16、捷运演变而来蒸汽火车在19世纪。 In 1890 the City & South London Railway in London was the first electric rapid transit railway. 10 The electric railway eventually was merged into London Underground .在1890年伦敦市及南铁路在伦敦是第一台电动高速铁路。 10电气化铁路最终被合并到伦敦地铁 。 The technology swiftly spread to other cities in Europe, and then to
17、 the United States.这项技术迅速传播到欧洲其他城市，然后到美国。 A number of elevated systems were built, starting with the 1893 100% designed electric Liverpool Overhead Railway .一个系统的数目高架建成，1893年100的电启动设计与利物浦高架铁路 。 The elevated railways in Chicago and New York were converted to electric from steam propulsion. 11 在芝加哥和高架
18、铁路纽约转化为电力蒸汽推进。 11 An engraving from the Illustrated London News showing the initial construction stages of London s Metropolitan Railway at Kings Cross St. Pancras in 1861一个雕刻从伦敦画报 ，显示了施工阶段的初始伦敦的大都会铁路在国王十字街潘克拉斯 1861年 By 1940, there were 19 systems, and by 1984, there were 66.到1940年，有19个系统，到1984年，有66
19、。 This included smaller cities like Oslo and Marseille which opened extensive systems in the 1960s.这包括城市像小奥斯陆和马赛开创了20世纪60年代广泛的系统研究。 More recently the growth of new systems has been concentrated in Southeast Asia and Latin America . 8 Western Europe and North America have instead seen a revival of th
20、e tram, with light rail systems supplementing full scale urban railways, and less focus on building rapid transit. 12 At the same time, technological improvements have allowed new driverless lines and systems.最近，新系统的发展一直集中在东南亚和拉丁美洲 。 8 西欧和北美 ，而不是看到有一辆电车与复兴， 轻轨铁路系统全面的补充城市，并没有那么快着眼于建设过境。 12同时，技术改进，允许新
21、的无人驾驶线路和系统。 Hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro , which have some of the features of rapid transit systems. 10 混合解决方案，也演变成，例如电车，火车和premetro ，有一些快速公交系统的特点。 10 edit Operation 编辑 操作 Rapid transit is used in metropolitan areas to transport large numbers of people at high
22、frequency.捷运都会区用于运输在高频率大量的人。 The extent of the rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies: in larger metropolitan areas the underground system may extend only to the limits of the inner city, or to its inner ring of suburbs with trains making frequent stati
23、on stops.该系统范围的快速公交城市之间的差别很大，有几个运输策略：在较大的大都市地区的城市地铁系统，可以延长，其环或内只限制了内蒙古郊区的火车需经常站都停。 The outer suburbs may then be reached by a separate commuter rail network, where more widely spaced stations allow higher speeds.远郊届时可能达到一个单独的通勤铁路网络，在更广泛的站间距允许更高的速度。 These trains are often more expensive and less freq
24、uent, and in some cities operate only during rush hour periods.这些列车往往更昂贵，那么频繁，在一些城市经营期间，仅交通高峰期。 They may or may not satisfy the criteria for a rapid transit system. 3 他们可能会或可能不符合标准的运输系统迅速。 3 Ximen Station on the Blue Line of the Taipei Metro . 西门站的蓝线的台北捷运 。 Rapid transit allows for high passenger th
25、roughput.捷运允许旅客吞吐量高。 Rapid transit systems are often supplemented by other systems, either buses , trams or commuter rail .捷运系统往往辅之以其他系统，无论是公共汽车 ， 电车或通勤铁路 。 Because of the high density structure of the rapid transit, clarification needed short haul trips are often more easily performed on trams or b
26、uses.由于捷运高密度结构， 14141414 短途旅行，往往更容易电车或公共汽车上进行。 Many cities have chosen to operate a tram system in the city core with the metro expanding beyond it, 9 though many cities chose to close this system in the 1950s and 60s.许多城市都选择了与它运作，地铁扩大超出了电车系统在城市的核心10尽管许多城市选择关闭，这个系统在60世纪50年代。 Another common strategy
27、is to use a bus or tram feeder system to transport people to the transit stops and use the transits to carry them to the city center or other bus routes.另一种常见的策略是使用公共汽车或电车馈线系统的运输中转站的人，并使用他们来进行过渡到市中心或其他巴士路线。 This frees the suburban bus system from the requirement to drive all the way to the city cent
28、er. 13 这将释放从郊区公交系统的要求，一路开车到城市中心。 13 Rapid transit systems have high fixed costs .快速公交系统具有很高的固定成本 。 Most systems are publicly owned, by either local governments, transit authorities or national governments.大多数系统都是公有制，要么由地方政府， 交通部门或国家政府。 Investments are often financed by taxation, rather than by passe
29、ngers, but must often compete with funding for roads .投资往往是来自税收，而不是由乘客，但必须经常争夺资金的道路 。 The systems may be operated by the owner or by a private company through a public service obligation .该系统可经营的业主或由私人公司通过公共服务义务 。 The owners of the systems often also own the connecting bus or rail systems, or are me
30、mbers of the local transport association , allowing for free transfers between modes.该系统的业主往往也拥有连接巴士或铁路系统，或者是本地会员的运输协会 ，允许自由转会模式之间。 Almost all systems operate at a deficit, requiring fare revenue , advertising and subsidies to cover costs.几乎所有的系统运行在一个赤字，需要车费收入 ， 广告和补贴 ，以支付费用。 The farebox recovery ra
31、tio , a ratio of ticket income to operating costs, is often used to assess operational profitability, with some systems including Hong Kongs MTR Corporation , 14 and Taipei 15 achieving recovery ratios of well over 100%.该farebox回收率 ，一票收入比经营成本，往往是用来评估业务盈利能力，在某些系统中，包括香港的 地铁公司 ， 14和台北 15实现100回收比例大大超出。
32、However, this ignores both heavy capital costs incurred in building the system, which are often subsidized with soft loans 16 and whose servicing is excluded from calculations of profitability, as well as ancillary revenue such as income from real estate portfolios 14 .但是，这忽略重型资本成本和费用在建设系统，这是资助往往软贷款 16 ，其服务是从盈利能力排除计算，以及配套的收入，如收入从房地产投资组合14 。 Some metros, including Hong Kong, are even financed by the sale of land
