1、高一上学期竞赛选拔化学试题 缺答案2019-2020年高一上学期竞赛选拔化学试题 缺答案可能用到的相对原子质量： 第卷 选择题（每小题3分，共48分，只有一个正确的选项）1称为氯磺酸，是一种强酸，对于反应：有如下判断，其中合理的是（）A此反应属于复分解反应 B此反应中碳元素的化合价发生改变C反应后溶液的变大 D反应后溶液的减小2一下化学实验操作正确的是（）A重结晶是，溶液冷却速度越慢得到的晶体颗粒越大B浓硫酸沾到皮肤上，要立即用大量水冲洗，在涂上3%5%的碳酸氢钠溶液C检验某溶液是否含有时，应取少量该溶液，依次加入溶液和稀盐酸D洗涤沉淀是，向漏斗中加适量水，搅拌并滤干3将一定质量的、四种物质放
2、入一密闭容器中，在一定条件下反应一段时间后，测得反应后各物质的质量如下，下列说法错我的是（）物质反应前质量/6.403.204.000.50反应后质量/待测2.567.200.50A和是反应物，可能是催化剂B反应后物质的质量为C物质中元素的种类，一定和、二种物质中元素的种类相同D若物质与物质的相对分子质量之比为，则反应中与的化学计量数（系数）之比为4下列各组溶液，不加其它试剂就能鉴别的是（）A、 B、稀、稀、C、 D、稀5海洋中有丰富的资源，如下图所示利用海水可获得许多化工产品，下列有关说法正确的是（）A第步中除去粗盐中的、等杂质，加入的试剂顺序为：溶液、溶液、溶液，过滤后加盐酸B第步中加入的
3、试剂为溶液C第步中发生分解反应D在第步中溴元素被还原6现有铁、氧化铁、稀盐酸、氢氧化钙溶液、碳酸钠溶液五种物质存在如图所示的相互反应和转化关系图中“-”表示两端的物质间可以发生化学反应“”表示物质问存在相应的转化关系下列判断合理的是（）A一定是碳酸钠溶液B一定是稀盐酸C转化为铁的反应都属于置换反应D、两两之间都可以发生复分解反应7印染工业常用亚氯酸钠漂白织物亚氯酸钠在溶液中可生成、，其中是漂白剂的有效成分，是有毒气体各组分含量随变化情况如图所示，由图可知，使用该漂白剂的最佳为（）A30 B4045 C6570 D908工业上用氨气制取硝酸，工业流程为：（）A为化合反应B一氧化氮的化学性质稳定C
4、上述含氮物质中氮元素的化合价有-3，+2，+4，+5D制取硝酸过程中产生的可循环使用9在一定质量的甲溶液中逐渐加入乙至过量，反应过程中溶液的总质量与加入乙的质量的关系能用右下图曲线表示的是（）序号甲乙溶液溶液溶液大理石溶液颗粒溶液溶液溶液铁粉A B C D10还原剂，可以还原氯化铜，是因为中氢元素的化合价处于低价（0价），可以升高至+1价，由此分析：下列化学反应的反应物中的氢元素能体现还原性的是（）A B C D11某样品中可能含有硫酸铜、碳酸钠、硝酸钾或硝酸钡四种中的一种或几种。现将样品加入足量的水得到无色溶液，再往溶液中加入过量的氯化钙溶液，得到白色沉淀，对样品中的组成判断合理的是（）A肯
5、定含有硝酸钾，可能含有硝酸钡 B肯定含有碳酸钠，可能含有硝酸钡C不含硫酸铜和硝酸钡，只含碳酸钠 D肯定含有碳酸钠，可能含有硝酸钾12除去下列物质中的少量杂质（括号内为杂质）所用除杂方法不正确的是（）选项待提纯的物质除去杂质的方法A将混合气体通过足量的灼热的B加入足量的稀硫酸、过滤、洗涤、干燥C溶液加入适量的稀硫酸D溶液加入足量的锌粉，过滤13已知：在密闭容器中，将与一定量的固体充分反应后，气体变为下列说法正确的是（）A气体全部是B气体通过足量溶液后，气体减少C反应后的固体是混合物D生成的质量为14能正确反映对应变化关系的图像是（）A加热一定质量的高锰酸钾固体B向一定量的稀硫酸中滴加氢氧化钠溶液
6、至过量C一定温度下，向不饱和硝酸溶液中不断加入硝酸钠固体，充分搅拌D分别向同质量，同质量分数的稀盐酸中不断加入碳酸镁和氧化镁固体15向含和的混合溶液中，逐滴加入溶质质量分数为溶液，参加反应的溶液质量与生成沉淀的物质的量关系如图所示，（已知物质的量在数值上等于该物质的质量/该物质的相对原子质量）则下列说法正确的是（）A点溶液中的溶质只有一种B点溶液和点溶液中溶质的质量相同C整个反应过程中，溶质的物质的量不变D沉淀完全时，的数值为12016用如下图装置测定水中氢、氧元素的质量比，其方法是分别测定通氢气前后玻璃管的质量差和型管的质量差，实验测得。下列对导致这一结果的原因的分析中，一定错误的是（）A没
7、有全部被还原B装置后缺少干燥装置C装置中玻璃管内有水冷凝D、装置之间缺少干燥装置第卷 选择题（共52分）17（7分）航天飞行器座舱内空气更新过程如下图所示：（1）装置的作用是 。（2）装置是和的反应装置，该反应的化学方程式为 。（3）装置发生的化学反应方程式为 。（4）从装置、可看出，的来源是和，宇航员每天消耗，呼出则宇航员每天呼出的气体中含 。18（10分）某化工厂排出的废水透明、澄清、略显蓝色。一同学取少量废水，加入过量的盐酸，有不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀生成。过滤，所得的滤液分成两份，一份滤液中加入稀硫酸，也有不溶于稀硝酸的白色沉淀生成；另一份滤液中加入氢氧化钠溶液，产生蓝色溶液。试回答：（
8、1）加入过量的盐酸，生成的白色沉淀是_ _；加入溶液，生成的蓝色沉淀是_ 。（2）废水中一定含有的物质是_(填编号) A氯化物 B硫酸盐 C硝酸盐 D碳酸盐（3）该同学设计了一个从废水中除去重金属离子的实验方案如下（已知白色的固体在潮湿的空气中可生成红褐色的）：金属为_，固体中一定含有的物质为_(写化学式) 。溶液中的溶质一定含有_和_(填序号字母)。A B C D第步反应的化学方程式为_。19（17分）将过量的溶液滴入到一定量溶液中得到蓝色固体某研究性学习小组对蓝色固体的成分进行了如下探究（一）猜想与假设：猜想一：固体为，理由：_（用化学反应方程式表示）猜想二：固体为，理由：溶液呈_（填“酸
9、”或“碱”）性猜想三：固体为和的混合物（二）资料查阅：和晶体均不带结晶水；、受热易分解，各生成对应的两种氧化物（三）设计与实验：固体的获取：（1）将反应后的固、液混合物经_、洗涤、低温烘干得蓝色固体（2）判断固体已洗净的方法及现象_用下图所示装置，定性探究固体的成分（3）若用装置、组合进行实验，中无现象，则猜想_正确；（4）若用装置、组合进行实验，中无现象，则猜想_正确；（5）小组同学将装置按、_、_（填“”、“”）的顺序组合进行实验，验证出猜想三是正确的，实验中：B中的现象为_，中的现象为_结论：固体为和的混合物固体成分定量测定：已知的分解温度为，的分解温度为设固体的组成为小组同学用热分析仪
10、对固体进行热分解，获得相关数据，绘成固体质量变化与分解温度的关系右图，请根据图示回答下列问题：（6）写出、段发生反应的化学方程式：段：_；段：_；（7）通过计算可得： =_（8）若将剩余固体继续加热到更高的温度，发现固体质量减少了后质量不再改变，写出此过程中可能发生反应的化学方程式：_20（12分）氢化钙固体是登山运动员常用的能源提供剂。某兴趣小组拟选用如下装置制备氢化钙，已知金属能与水发生置换反应氢气和氢氧化钙请回答下列问题：（1）请选择必要的装置，按气流方向连接顺序为_（填仪器接口的字母编号）。（2）根据完整的实验装置进行实验，实验步骤如下：检查装置气密性后，装入药品；打开分液漏斗活塞；_
11、（请按正确的顺序填入下列步骤的标号）。A加热反应一段时间 B收集气体并检验其纯度C关闭分液漏斗活塞 D停止加热，充分冷却（3）实验结束后，某同学取少量产物，小心加入水中，观察到有气泡冒出，溶液中加入酚酞后显红色。该同学据此判断，上述实验确有生成。写出与水反应的化学方程式_；该同学的判断不准确，原因是_。（4）请你设计一个实验，用化学方法区分钙与氢化钙，写出实验简要步骤及观察到的现象_。（5）登山运动员常用氢化钙作为能源提供剂，与氢气相比，其优点是_。 21（6分）为了测定某铜锌合金的组成，某校化学课外活动小组利用该合金粉末与稀硫酸反应，进行了三次实验，所得相关的实验数据记录如下：第一次第二次第
12、三次所取合金的质量/101020所用稀硫酸的质量/808050生成氢气的质量/020202（1）试计算该铜锌合金中锌的质量（2）从上表数据分析，当所取合金与所用稀硫酸的质量比为时，表明合金中的锌与稀硫酸恰好完全反应。（3） 所用合金与稀硫酸恰好完全反应时所得溶液中溶质质量分数。2019-2020年高一上学期第10次周测英语试题 含答案一、听力（每小题1分，满分20分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Where is Fred n
13、ow?A.At the restaurant. B.In the class. C.At home.2.What do the two speakers think of the opera?A.Both of them like it. B.Only the woman likes it. C.Only the man likes it.3.What about the womans father?A.He is very old now. B.He is in poor health. C.He is upset at home.4.Why was the boy afraid that
14、his father would scold him?A.He had broken his fathers glass.B.He hadnt passed the examination.C.He had broken his fathers glasses.5.What are the speakers talking about?A.A record. B.Some singers. C.A live concert.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小
15、题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。6. What is the woman thinking about?A.Getting more money. B.Doing better in her job. C.Changing her job.7. How does the woman like her present job?A.It is difficult. B.It is interesting. C.It is highly-paid.8.When does the woman have to decide?A.Toda
16、y. B.Tomorrow. C.The day after tomorrow.听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。9.What does the woman really like?A.Folk music. B.Pop concert. C.Opera.10. What are the exhibitions the woman often goes to about?A.Madonna. B.Famous people. C.Actors.11. How does the woman find Madonna?A.She appreciates her.B.She doesnt really
17、 like her.C.It is a bit too heavy for her.听第8段材料，回答第12至14题。12.What is the woman like?A.She is in pink. B.She is in good health. C.She is very clever.13.Who went to see the Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center during the new year holiday?A.The woman. B.The man. C.Both of them.14.Is there any possibility th
18、at the man will get an Olympic sailing ticket?A.No,there is no possibility.B.Yes,he is sure to get one ticket.C.Yes,but not much.听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。15.Whats the woman doing in the talk?Aforting. B.Suggesting. C.Criticizing.16.What do we know about the man?A.He must be the person in charge.B.He is alwa
19、ys busy.C.He just had a picnic last week.17.What will the man probably do next?A.Ask the woman to work for him. B.Take his time. C.Plan for his relaxation.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. Where did the accident happen according to the material?A.In the street. B.At the driving test center. C.In the park.19. Wh
20、at caused the accident?A.The car was out of control when it was parked.B.The car the woman was driving hit some other parked ones.C.The car beside the man was on fire all of a sudden.20.How many cars were hit by the womans car?A.Two. B.Four. C.Six.二、单项选择（每小题1分，满分20分）21. This beautiful room is _ thos
21、e homeless children.A. designed for B. designed to C. by design D. designed22. Put everything that _ you in your suitcase.A. is belonged to B. belong to C. belongs to D. is belonging to23. It took _ building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses. It took brains, too.A. other than B. more
22、than C. rather than D. less than24. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.A. could express B. would express C. could have express D. must have express25. Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period.A. improve B.to
23、 improve C. improved D.improving26. _ was _ when he had to work day and night for a living.A. There; times B. This; time C. There; time D. This; a time27. The workers _ the car and saw what was wrong with it.A. told apart B. tore apart C. took apart D. fell apart28. Yang Liwei is _ and regarded as o
24、ur space hero.A. thinking high of B. thought high of C. highly thought of D. thinking highly of29. They are worried about _ he can do well in his new job.A. if B. whether C. what D. That30. I would never e to this country again. The weather is terrible!_.A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with m
25、e D. So do I31. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _ for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.A. that B.while C. which D. when32. Mrs.Smith managed to settle the quarrel between Jack and Rose without hurting the feelings of_Aeither Bnone Cneither Dboth33. It
26、 is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which34. As we know, his father is a very famous scientist in physics. But what you dont know is that he _ as a farmer for five years.A. has worked B. worked C.
27、had worked D. works35. The living standard of the people in China, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past decades.A. what B. which C. as D. who36. Only when I woke up_ what had happened.A. I knew B. I did know C. did I know D. had I known37. Have you found some information about that w
28、riter _ you can use in your article.A. who B. whom C. what D. which38. The famous basketballer, _ tried to make a eback, attracted a lot of attention.A. where B. when C. which D. who39. This is the house _ I once livedA. which B. in which C. that D . in that40. Xian was the last city _ he visited in China.A. where B. which C. that D. in which三、完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）The most unforgettable thing during my long summer holiday last year, of course is my trip 41 England. This was my first time to go abroad, so it really made me 42
