1、届高三英语考纲新增词汇2015届高三英语考纲新增词汇 1. anticipate /ntIsIpeIt/ vt. 1） anticipate + n. 预料，预期We dont anticipate any major problems. 我们预料不会发生什么大问题。 2） anticipate + doingThey anticipate moving to bigger premises by the end of the year. 他们预期年底前迁入较大的经营厂址。 3） anticipate + sth. doingI dont anticipate it being a probl
2、em. 我不认为它会成为一个问题。 4） It is anticipated that. 据预测 5） anticipate 预见，预计并做好准备We need someone who can anticipate and respond to changes in the fashion industry. 我们需要一个能应对时装业变化并做出应对的人。 6） anticipate + （doing） sth. 期盼；期望The more I anticipated arriving somewhere， the more disappointed I was. 我越期盼在某方面有所成就，就越
3、失望。 7） 先于做；早于行动When Scott reached the South Pole he found that Amundsen had anticipated him. 斯科特到达南极时发现阿蒙森已到过那里。 【词形变化】 anticipation n. He bought extra food in anticipation of more people than he had invited. 他预料来的客人比邀请的要多，就多买了食物。 2. assure / vt. 1） assure sb. that. 使确信；向保证You think I did it deliber
4、ately， but I assure you that I did not. 你认为这是我故意干的，不过我向你保证不是的。 2） assure sb. of sth.We assure him of our support. 我们向他保证给予支持。 3） 弄清，查明assure yourself of sth. / assure yourself that.He assured himself of her safety. 他确定她是安全的。 She assured herself that the letter was still in the drawer. 她查清楚信仍在抽屉里。 4）
5、 确保；使确定assure sth.= guarantee sth. / assure sb. sth. Victory would assure a place in the finals. = Victory would assure them a place in the finals. 胜利将确保能参加决赛。 5） assure sth. 保险（尤指人寿险） What is the sum assured？ 人寿保险额是多少？ 【词形变化】 assured = selfassured = confident自信的；eg： He spoke in a calm， assured voic
6、e. 他冷静自信地说。 Success seemed assured. 看来已必胜无疑。= guaranteed有把握的；必将发生的 3. cease /sis/ vt. & vi.（使）停止；结束 Welfare payments cease as soon as an individual starts a job. 一旦就业，即停发福利救济。 cease to doYou never cease to amaze me！ 你总能让我感到惊奇！ cease sth.They voted to cease strike action immediately. 他们投票决定立即停止罢工。 He
7、 ordered his men to cease fire （= stop shooting）. 他命令手下停止射击。 cease doing sth.The company ceased trading in June. 这家公司已于六月停业。 【词形变化】 ceaseless adj. 不停的；好像无休止的；不断的=constant 4. commodity /kmdtI/ n.（常用复数） 1） 商品；（尤指）日用品 household commodities 家庭日用品 I lead a very busy life， so spare time is a very precious
8、 commodity to me. 我的生活非常忙，空余时间对我来说是非常珍贵的。 2） 商品；货物；（尤指国际贸易中的）物品、产品或材料 Trading in commodities was brisk. 商品交易兴旺。 the commodity / commodities market 商品市场 5. compile /kmpaIl/ v. sth. （for / from sth.） collect （information） and arrange it in a book， list， report， etc. 收集（资料）并编辑（成书、表、报告等）compile statisti
9、cs for a report on traffic accidents 为交通事故报告汇集统计数字 The police have compiled a list of suspects. 警方已编制了涉嫌者名单。 a guidebook compiled from a variety of sources 汇集多方资料编辑的旅行指南 6. comprehensive /kmprIhensIv/ adj. 1） 广泛的， 全面的， 综合的； 综合教育的 2） 有理解力的；容易了解的 a comprehensive knowledge 渊博的知识 a comprehensive mind宽大的
10、心胸 a comprehensive planning 全面规化 comprehensive faculty 理解力 7. consent /knsent/ n. 同意；准许；允许 （to sth.） Her parents refused their consent to the marriage. 她的父母不答应这门婚事。 with ones consent =by common 一致同意地 v. 同意；准许；允许 When she told them what she intended， they readily consented. 她告诉他们她的打算时，他们欣然同意。 to sth.
11、 He reluctantly consented to his daughters marriage. 他勉强同意了女儿的婚事。 to do sth. She finally consented to answer our questions. 她最终同意回答我们的问题。 8. contrast /kntr?st / n. 1） 明显的差异，对比，对照 between A and B There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West. 东西方文化之间有明显的差异。 to / with / sb. / sth.
12、 His white hair was in sharp contrast to his dark skin. 他的白头发与黑皮肤形成了鲜明的对比。 She had almost failed the exam， but her sister， by contrast， had done very well. 她考试差点不及格，而她的妹妹相比之下考得很好。 In contrast with their system， ours seems very oldfashioned. 我们的制度与他们的相比，显得过于守旧了。 2） 明显不同的人或物 The work you did today is
13、quite a contrast to what you did last week. 你今天的表现与上周截然不同。 3）（摄影或绘画中的）颜色反差，明暗对比 The artists use of contrast is masterly. 这位艺术家娴熟地运用了明暗对比。 v. /kntr?st/ 1） 对比，对照 A and / with B It is interesting to contrast the British legal system with the American one. 把英国的法制与美国的加以对比很有意思。 2） 显出明显差异 with sth. Her act
14、ions contrasted sharply with her promises. = Her actions and her promises contrasted sharply. 她的行动与她的诺言相差甚远。 9. core / k（r） / n. 果心（如苹果核、梨核）；（物体的）中心部分；the earths core 地核 最重要的部分，核心，要点，精髓 the core of the argument 争论的核心 This concept is at the very core of her theory. 这个概念是她的理论的核心。 adj. 最重要的，主要的，基本的the
15、core subjects 核心课程 The use of new technology is core to our strategy. 运用新技术是我们策略的关键。 1） 核心（信念，价值，原则等）beliefs， values， principles， etc. 2） 核心成员的，骨干的 The team is built around a core group of players.这个队是以几名骨干队员为核心构建的。 10. criteria /kraItIrI/ n. 标准，条件（criterion的复数） Success in making money is not always
16、 a good criterion of success in life. 能挣钱并不一定是衡量人生幸福的可靠标准。 What are the criteria for deciding who gets the prize？ 评定获奖者以什么作标准？ evaluation criteria 评价标准；评估标准；评定标准 selection criteria 选择标准；选拔准则；挑选标准；选择准则 measurement criteria 计量标准；衡量标准 11. crucial /krul； krul/ adj. （to / for sth.） 至关重要的；决定性的 a crucial d
17、ecision， issue， factor 关键性的决定、问题、因素 at the crucial moment 在紧要关头 Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company. 签订此项合同对本公司的前途至关重要。 But the crucial thing about this first view that we want to talk about is that the mind is thought of as something separate from， and distinct from， the b
18、ody. 但是这个关于我们想要讨论的第一个观点的决定性的东西是思维被考虑为是从某种身体中分离出来的，并且截然不同的东西。 12. crush /kr/ v. 1） 压（或挤）坏， 压（或挤）伤（某物某人） Dont crush the box； it has flowers in it. 别把盒子压破了，里面有花。 Several people were crushed to death by the falling rocks. 有几个人被落下来的岩石压死了。 2） 捣（或碾）碎某物；把某物捣（或碾）成粉末 Huge hammers crush （up） the rocks. 用大锤把岩石砸
19、成了碎块。 3） 使（某物）显得皱皱巴巴的 The clothes were badly crushed in the suitcase. 衣服压在箱子里皱得不像样子了。 4） 消灭，击溃，镇压（某人某事物）；制服 The rebellion was crushed by government forces. 政府军已把叛乱镇压下去。 Her refusal crushed all our hopes. 她一拒绝，我的希望就全都破灭了。 5） （使某人某物）挤入或挤过 You cant crush twenty people into such a tiny room. 不能让二十个人挤进这样
20、一个狭小的房间里。 The postman tried to crush the packet through the letterbox. 邮递员使劲把邮件塞进信箱里。 挤出或榨出某物 crush the juice out of oranges 榨橙子汁 n. 拥挤的人群 I couldnt get through the crush. 我无法从人群中挤过去。 13. curse /ks/ n.诅咒；祸根；咒语 1） 诅咒 be under a curse被诅咒，因受诅咒而遭殃 call down lay， put a curse on upon a person = lay a pers
21、on under a curse诅咒某人 2） 恶骂，恶言，咒骂的话shout curses at a person对某人恶骂 3） 被诅咒的东西，祸因，灾源the curse of drink酒的祸害 Typhoons are a curse in this part of the country. 这个地方的台风是该国一大灾难。 vt.诅咒，咒骂 He cursed the taxi driver for trying to overcharge him. 他咒骂计程车司机敲竹杠。 vi. 咒骂，恶骂 curse at ones fate诅咒某人的命运 curse and swear咒骂，
22、破口大骂 He often curses at his children. 他时常咒骂他的孩子。 14. deduce v. 推论；演绎出 deduce a conclusion from these facts从这些事实推出结论 If you see a doctor leaving a house， you may deduce that someone in the house is ill. 如果你看见一个医生从某一家出来，你就可以推知这家有人病了。 Detectives deduced from the clues who had committed the crime. 侦探根据所
23、掌握的线索推断出作案的人。 adj. deducible可以推断的；可以演绎的 15. despair n. 绝望；令人失望的人；失望 abandon oneself give oneself up to despair陷入绝望 drive a person to despair = throw a person into despair使某人陷入绝望 They gave up the experiment in despair. 他们绝望地放弃实验。 The child is the despair of his parents. 那个小孩令他父母感到毫无办法。 16. differenti
24、ate /dIfrenieIt/ vt. & vi. 1） 区分；区别；辨别 A child may not differentiate between his imagination and the real world. 儿童可能无法将自己的幻想与真实世界区分开来。 At this age your baby cannot differentiate one person from another. 这个年龄的婴儿还不能认人。 2） 使有差别；使不同 distinctive policies that differentiate them from the other parties 使他
25、们有别于其他政党的特殊政策 n. differentiation The differentiation between the two product ranges will increase. 这两个产品系列之间的差别将会加大。 17. drama n. 1） 戏；剧 He acted in radio dramas. 他在广播剧中扮演角色。 2） 戏剧；戏剧艺术；戏剧事业 He knew nothing of Greek drama. 他对希腊戏剧一无所知。 She met him when she was at drama school. 她在戏剧学校上学时认识了他。 3） 戏剧性事件
26、；戏剧性情节 For all its drama， the event was not unexpected. 虽然这件事带有戏剧性，但并不意外。 18. earnest adj. 认真的；诚挚的；真诚的 His expression is as earnest when he smiles as when he is arguing. 他不论笑的时候还是争论的时候表情都同样真诚。 Despite their earnest efforts， they still struggle to win support. 尽管已尽心竭力，他们仍然无法赢得支持。 n. earnestness He wa
27、s admired by many for his earnestness. 他的真诚令很多人钦佩。 19. equate vt. 等同；同等对待（或看待、表示），一视同仁；相提并论 to equate wealth with happiness 把幸福与财富同等看待 We cannot equate might with right. 我们不能把强权视为公理。 to equate growing prosperity with the physical health of a nation 把发展的繁荣与一个民族的身体健康等同起来 20. estate n. 房地产；财产；（较高的）社会地位
28、；社会等级 She cashed in on her realestate investments. 她在房地产的投资上赚了钱。 real estate market 房地产市场；不动产市场 real estate development 房地产开发 suffer in ones estate 家道衰微，穷困潦倒 21. ethnic adj. 民族的，种族的；有民族特色的；异国风味的 ethnic groups / communities 族群；种族社区 ethnic clothes / jewellery 具有民族特色的服装/珠宝首饰 ethnic minority 少数民族 22. ev
29、olve v. 1） evolve （sth.） from sth. （into sth.）（使）逐渐形成，逐步发展，逐渐演变 The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic. 这种想法是从我在阁楼里发现的一幅画得到启发的。 The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer. 这家公司已逐步发展成一个主要的化工厂。 2） evolve （from sth.） 进化，进化形成 The three species evolved from a single anc
30、estor. 这三种生物从同一祖先进化而来。 The dolphin has evolved a highly developed jaw. 海豚已经进化形成高度发达的下颌。 n. evolution 23. exceed v. 1） 超过（数量） The price will not exceed100. 价格不会超过100 英镑。 His achievements have exceeded expectations. 他的成就出乎预料。 2） 超越（法律，命令等）的限制 She was exceeding the speed limit （= driving faster than is allowed） 当时她超速驾驶。 The officers had exceeded their authority. 这些官员超越了他们的权限。 24. exclude v. 1） exclude sth. （from sth.） 不包括，不放在考虑之列 The cost of borrowing has been excluded from the inflation figures. 通胀数字未包括借贷成本。 Try excluding fat from your
