1、 专业资料 2019考研英语模拟题(1)SectionUse of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）from each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）一、美陪审团制度As former colonists of Great Britain，the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Gre
2、at Britain. We have a“common law”，or law made by courts_1_a monarch or other central governmental_2_like a legislature. The jury，a_3_of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case，is an_4_ part of our common-law system.Use of juries to decide cases is a_5_feature of the American legal system. Few othe
3、r countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States._6_the centuries，many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result_7_would be obtained using a judge_8_，as many countries do._9_a jury decides cases after“_10_”，or discussions among a group of peo
4、ple，the jurys decision is likely to have the_11_ from many different people from different backgrounds，who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases，which decide_12_ among_13_ citizens，and criminal cases，which decide cases brought by the government _14_ that individual
5、s have committed crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and_15_. Jurors，consisting of _16_ numbers，are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge_17_to the case_18_the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states，_19_jurors are questioned by the judge；in ot
6、hers，they are questioned by the lawyers representing the_20_under rules dictated by state law.1. A other than B rather than C more than D or rather2. A agency B organization C institution D authority3. A panel B crew C band D flock4. A innate B intact C integral D integrated5. AdiscriminatingB disti
7、nguishing C determining D diminishing6. A in B by C after D over7. A that B which C than D as8. A alike B alone C altogether D apart9. A Although B Because C If D While10.A deliberations B meditations C reflections D speculations11.A outline B outcome C input D intake12.A arguments B controversies C
8、 disputes D hostilities13.A fellow B individual C personal D private14.A asserting B alleging C maintaining D testifying15.A assembled B evoked C rallied D summoned16.A set B exact C given D placed17.A allocated B allotted C appointed D assigned18.A administers B manages C oversees D presides19.A in
9、spective B irrespective C perspective D prospective20.A bodies B parties C sides D units答案1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.C 8.B 9. B 10. A11. C 12. C 13.D 14.B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. D 20. B总体分析本文介绍了美国的陪审团制度。第一段指出，陪审团是美国共同法系统的基本组成部分。第二段分析了使用陪审团的原因。第三和四段分别介绍了陪审团的类型和选举程序。全文翻译美国的建国之父们作为大英帝国的前殖民者沿袭
10、了其法律系统。我们有“共同法”，即由法庭而非君主或其他像立法机关这样的中央政府权利机关制定的法律。陪审团由一群选来裁决案件的普通公民组成，是我们共同法系统基本的组成部分。使用陪审团裁决案件是美国法律系统的一个显著特征。在世界上很少有其他国家和美国一样使用陪审团。几个世纪以来，许多人已经相信在大多数情况下陪审团比许多国家那样单独使用一位法官达成的结果更公平、公正。因为陪审团裁决案件是在一群人“审议”或讨论后，因此他们的决定可能受到不同背景的不同人的影响，这些人必须作为一个团体来决定什么是正确的。陪审团既被用在裁决普通公民之间纠纷的民事案件中，也用在裁决政府提出讼诉声称个人犯罪的刑事案件中。陪审团
11、成员从美国公民中选出并被传唤。由固定人数组成的陪审团在每一个需要陪审团的案件中都会被召唤。被指派负责案件的法官监督陪审团成员的选举。在一些州，未来的陪审团成员由法官询问，而在另一些州，他们遵照州法律规定的法规接受代表各方当事人的律师的询问。二、英国车速监控系统The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the countrys speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organizations warned that the _1_could become a po
12、ll tax on wheels，_2_huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism _3_cameras.The warnings came_4_a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either_5_to expansion plans or considering _6_.Nationwide，the number of speeding tickets is e
13、xpected to treble，_7_ 90 million a year._8_the scheme，police keep some of the cash from fines to _9_the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and_10_that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and police insist the scheme is aimed_11_at maki
14、ng roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by _12_a half.But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe_13_fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possible. Some forces are also expected to_14_the
15、“threshold”speeds at which cameras are_15_to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit，and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road，and _16_to more accidents. Sue Nicholson，head of campaigns at the RAC，said，“W
16、e dont have a problem with speed cameras _17_. But we do have concerns about_18_they are sited. Police risk losing credibility _19_motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising _20_safety devices.”1. A promotions B punishments C penalties D payments2. A isolating B separating C alienating D detac
17、hing3. A towards B against C before D over4. A so B once C as D where5. A subjected B engaged C intended D committed6. A taking part B keeping silence C making exception D paying respect7. A financing B profiting C funding D netting8. A From B Under C On D With9. A hide B cover C conceal D veil10. A
18、 pledging B assuring C confirming D ensuring11. A essentially B strongly C wholeheartedly D purely12. A in all B fewer than C at most D up to13. A but B whereas C though D while14. A fit B put C set D fix15. A levered B geared C handled D triggered16. A lead B add C contribute D resort17. A any less
19、 B by itself C after all D as such18. A who B when C where D which19. A in B with C against D for20. A in spite of B far from C rather than D by means of答案1. C 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. B 9.B 10. D11. D 12.D 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. C 19.B 20.C总体分析本文讲述了英国车速监控摄像体系扩张计划的内容及影响，着重阐述了这一计划的
20、支持者（警察和财政部门）和反对者（机动车管理机构）的观点。全文翻译一旦扩大车速监控摄像体系，这个国家财政部每年就能从罚款中额外增加2000万收入。机动车管理机构警告说这种罚款可能变成对汽车征收的人头税，从而疏远很多驾驶者。也可能出现更多破坏摄像机的事件。警告出现的同时，每日邮报的调查发现英格兰和威尔士的23支警力几乎都有所行动，不是致力于部署监控体系的扩张计划，就是在考虑加入其中。预计（在实施监控系统后）全国范围内违章超速行驶的罚单数量会增加两倍，罚金数目一年达9000万。按照计划，警察保留一部分罚金用以支付安装和维修新摄像机的费用，并且保证现有的摄像机中总是装有胶卷。其余的罚金将上缴财政部。
21、财政部长们和警察都坚持认为该计划的目的是提高公路的安全性。他们指出八个试点地区撞车事故减少了四分之一，严重伤亡事故减少至一半。但是机动车管理机构担心警察为了多开罚单会把摄像机装在相对安全但行车速度较快的直行道上，还会为车速监控摄像机设置最低合法车速标准，如把正常的每小时10英里限速提高到每小时15英里，每小时20英里限速提高到每小时26英里。这样做会使司机盯着自己的里程计而不把精力集中到路面上，从而引发更多的交通事故。英国皇家汽车俱乐部（RAC）活动负责人休。尼科尔森说，“严格上说，我们对车速监控摄像机并无意见，我们担忧的是它们被安放的地点。如果把监控摄像机视为（政府）聚敛财政收入的手段而不是
22、安全设施，那么警察就可能丧失他们在驾驶者心目中的威信”。三、大众媒体The mass media is a big part of our culture，yet it can also be a helper，adviser and teacher to our young generation. The mass media affects the lives of our young by acting as a（an）_1_for a number of institutions and social contacts. In this way，it_2_ a variety of f
23、unctions in human life.The time spent in front of the television screen is usually at the_3_ of leisure：there is less time for games，amusement and rest._4_ by what is happening on the screen，children not only imitate what they see but directly_5_ themselves with different characters. Americans have
24、been concerned about the_6_ of violence in the media and its_7_harm to children and adolescents for at least forty years. During this period，new media _8_，such as video games，cable television，music videos，and the Internet. As they continue to gain popularity，these media，_9_television，_10_public conc
25、ern and research attention.Another large societal concern on our young generation_11_by the media，is body image._12_forces can influence body image positively or negatively._13_one，societal and cultural norms and mass media marketing_14_our concepts of beauty. In the mass media，the images of_15_beau
26、ty fill magazines and newspapers，_16_from our televisions and entertain us_17_the movies. Even in advertising，the mass media_18_on accepted cultural values of thinness and fitness for commercial gain. Young adults are presented with a_19_defined standard of attractiveness，a（n）_20_that carries unreal
27、istic physical expectations.1. A alternative B preference C substitute D representative2. A accomplishesB fulfills C provides D suffices3. A risk B mercy C height D expense4. A Absorbed B Attracted C Aroused D Addicted5. A identify B recognize C unify D equate6. A abundance B incidence C prevalence
28、D reccurrence7. A disposed B hidden C implicit D potential8. A merged B emerged C immerged D submerged9. A apart from B much as C but for D along with10. A promote B propel C prompt D prosper11. A inspired B imposed C delivered D contributed12. A External B Exterior C Explicit D Exposed13. A As B At
29、 C For D In14. A mark B effect C impact D shock15. A generalized B regularized C standardizedD categorized16. A boom B bottom C brim D beam17. A over B with C on D at18. A play B take C profit D resort19. A barely B carefully C narrowly D subjectively20. A ideal B image C stereotype D criterion答案1.
30、C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9.D 10. C11. B 12.A 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. A 19.C 20.A总体分析本文主要论述了大众媒介对青少年产生的影响。第一段指出，大众媒介可以替代社会机构和社会交往在年轻人的生活中起着各种各样的作用。第二段指出，由于青少年模仿他们在电视中看到的乃至将其与现实相混淆，人们一直担忧媒介对他们可能产生危害。第三段媒介对美的狭隘界定对青少年的不良影响。全文翻译大众媒体是我们文化的重要组成部分，但是它也可以成为年轻一代的助手、建议者和教师。大众媒介作为许多机构和社会交往的替代品影响着年轻人的生活。通过这种方式，它在人们生活中起到了各种各样的作用。在电视屏幕前耗费的时间常常是以休闲为代价的，即有更少的时间用于游戏、娱乐和休息。由于被电视
