1、Welcome Unit,Grammar,Laozi,A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step.,Discovering Useful Structure,语法之句法 Syntax,句子成分Members of the sentence,句子结构Sentence structure,句子成分,句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语：包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语八种。,句子成分（英文）,S 主语SubjectV
2、谓语 VerbO 宾语ObjectP 表语 Predicative Att 定语AttributiveAdv 状语 AdverbialDO直接宾语Direct ObjectIO 间接宾语Indirect ObjectC 宾语补足语 Object ComplementA同位语Appositive,S 主语Subject,主语是动作的发出者/被说明的主体。可以充当主语的成分有：名词，代词，名词化的形容词，数词，动词不定式，名词化了的动词或从句等。The weather becomes cold day by day.It is hot today.Swimming is a good sport
3、in summer.The young are mostly ambitious.,V 谓语 Verb,谓语表示主语的动作。或具有的特征和状态。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。在英语中，动词按作用和功能主要分为两大类，一类是谓语动词，另一类是非谓语动词。I like walking.I enjoy speaking English.He reads English every morning.,O 宾语Object,宾语是动作的承受着。位于及物动词或介词后面。可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，不定式，动名词，或从句等。I often play basketball.I like
4、eight.DO直接宾语 Direct ObjectIO 间接宾语 Indirect ObjectMy parents bought me some fruits.He gave me a present yesterday.,P 表语 Predicative,表语是对主语的说明。说明主语的身份，特征和状态。一般位于系动词be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem之后。一般由名词，代词，形容词，数词，非谓语动词等。My new deskmate is an American boy.I will be fifteen next year.She looks beauti
5、ful.,Att 定语Attributive,定语 修饰和限定主语或宾语。由名词，代词，介词短语，形容词，数词，非谓语动词，副词，从句等作定语。单个的词作定语常放在它所修饰的词之前，短语或从句作定语常放在所修饰词之后。My school is larger than hers.She likes the yellow dress.The car which is black is mine.,Adv 状语 Adverbial,状语是修饰和限定动词，形容词，副词和整个句子的成分。能充当状语的有：副词，介词短语，非谓语动词，少数形容词，独立结构，从句等。状语按其用途可分为：时间，地点，原因，结果，
6、目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随，比较等种类。Frankly,I have no money.In order to find a better job,he studies very hard.If it rains tomorrow,I will stay at home.,C 宾语补足语 Object Complement,宾语补足语 表示 对宾语的补充说明。名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，非谓语动词都可以做宾语补足语。We should keep our room clean and tidy.My mother doesnt allow me to go out alone in t
7、he evening.He found it very interesting to ride a horse on the farm.,句子结构,句子的基本结构指的是简单句的几种基本句型：主谓，主谓宾，主系表，主谓间直宾和主谓宾补。,句型结构：,主谓 S+VTime flies！We laughed.主谓宾S+V+OI can speak English.I miss my grandma.,主系表S+P 常见的系动词是be动词I am a student.English is very important.主 谓 间宾 直宾S+V+IO DO My mother bought me a s
8、choolbag.My father told me a funny story.,主谓宾宾补S+V+O+CI found my classmates friendly and helpful.主谓状S+V+Adv He talked too much.,主谓宾状S+V+O+Adv：I had my first maths class at senior high school.There be.某地有某物There is a pen,two books and a toy in my bag.There are so many trees in our school.,句子成分排序口诀：,主
9、语在前，谓中间，宾语状语排后面；短语定语主宾后，形容词，代词定语，主宾前；间接宾语若在后，直间要用to，for连；宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。We will have an exam next week.My father often tells me stories about Chairman Mao on sundays.He asked me to help him at school yesterday.,Exercise,Analyse basic sentence structures.,We laughed.The 100-year-old school lies in t
10、he centre of the city.We must act.The maths homework is easy.SV SVA SV SP,My mum bought me a new dictionary.Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.There is an English Corner at our school.We had chemistry in the newly built lab.SVOC SVIODO SVO SVOA,Analyse the structures.,My drea
11、m has come true.Tim and his classmates are living on a ship.They also learn about ships and the sea.SV SVA SVO,Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them waht happened othe ship.There is always something exciting to do.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.S V IO DO V IO DO/SP,Reading for Writing,Student Profile,Name:Age:Grade:School:Personality:Favourite subject:Chinese,Maths,English,Politics,History.Learning style:Learning by seeing/listening/doingHobbies:Future plans and dreams:,Homework,根据以上信息写一篇自我介绍。字数60以上。My name is and I am a student at Beijing Linchuan School.,
