1、高考英语备考艺体生百日冲刺专题01 名词和数词解析版专题1 名词和数词名词题型高考真题命题解读语法填空1. (2019全国三卷66) They let us know of an interesting competition(compete)to watch, together with the story behind it. 2. (2018全国二卷66)This switch has decreased pollution (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safe
2、for people. 3. (2017全国一卷62)This trend has had some unintended side effects(effect) such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 4. (2017全国二卷49) This development was only possible with the introduction (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
3、 1. 给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；2. 给出其它词性形式（通常为动词、形容词）的提示词，填写名词；3. 名词的固定搭配。短文改错1. (2019全国一卷)All the football playerplayers on the playground cheered loudly. 2. (2019全国二卷) Since I was a kid, Ive considered different jobjobs I would like to do. 3. (2019全国三卷) I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city c
4、ities. 4. (2017全国一卷) The instructor kept repeating the wordwords, “Speed up!” “Slow down!”5. (2017全国一卷)Besides, they often get some useful informationsinformation form the Internet. 1. 可数名词单复数的错用、拼写；2. 可数名词和不可数名词的混淆。数词题型高考真题命题解读短文改错(2017全国一卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteeneighteenth birt
5、hday, I took driving lessons. 1. 基数词与序数词的转换；2. 序数词特殊用法3. 分数的用法。名词与语法填空名词与短文改错1. 词性转换题，要注意“句子成分”.如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语时，要考虑用名词形式；.如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修饰，要考虑用名词形式。2. 名词复数题，要主题“牢记规则”.如果空格处被these、many和数词等词修饰时，要考虑用名词的复数形式；.如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要考虑用名词的复数形式。1. 遇到名词，首先要想到是可数名词还是不可数名词；2. 看到several、a few、ma
6、ny、one of、three、a number of等要想到用名词的复数形式；3. 看到information、advice、progress、weather、fun等词时要想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式；4. 看到冠词等修饰词，要想到应用名词形式；5. 形容词和名词都可以作表语，但形容词作表语说明主语的特点、状态等，名词作表语则说明主语的身份、职业等。数词与语法填空数词与短文改错名词前的数词要考虑是否是序数词，并注意拼写；1. 注意基数词和序数词的拼写和用法区别，序数词前通常会有定冠词the；2. 人称所有格后的基数词整数的复数表示 “在某人几十多岁时”；3. 注意分数的书写方式，分子
7、超过1时，分母的序数词要用复数，如two thirds；4. 如果名词前有分数、百分比修饰时，要看这个名词是可数复数还是不可数，这决定了谓语动词的单复数。必备知识梳理考点一名词：一 名词单复数1. 复数名词变化一般规则变化规则例词一般情况加smapmaps；girlgirls；househouses；mouthmouths以s，x，sh，ch结尾的加esclassclasses；boxboxes；brushbrushes；matchmatches，但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母y”结尾的变y为i加escitycities；country
8、countries；partyparties；factoryfactories注意：以元音字母y结尾的则直接加s，如boyboys；toytoys以o结尾的名词许多加estomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes；zerozeroes/zeros；heroheroes；NegroNegroes；mangomangoes；volcanovolcanoes但是，注意以下这些以o结尾的名词复数直接加s：radioradios；zoozoos；pianopianos；photophotos以f，fe结尾的名词，通常变f或fe为v再加eshalfhalves；leafleaves；she
9、lfshelves；thiefthieves；wolfwolves；wifewives；lifelives；knifeknives但是也有的直接加s，如roofroofs等2. 复数名词的不规则变化变化情况例词特殊变化childchildren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice；manmen；womanwomen注意：German的复数形式为Germans单复数同形deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese，means，series，species形式单数却表复数people，police，cattle，staff集合名词当表示一个整体视作单数，
10、侧重各个成员视作复数family，class，team3. 有些名词只有复数形式，如：noodles、jeans、trousers、glasses、scissors、goods、clothes、earphones等；另外表示一些祝愿礼貌的词也经常用复数形式，如：thanks、congratulations、regards、wishes、manners等。二 可数名词与不可数名词1. 以下名词常作不可数名词，需要牢记：ink、air、bread、meat、money、luck、knowledge、news、rubbish、furniture、equipment、luggage、homework、
11、advice、information、evidence、progress、weather、wealth、fun等。(2016全国一卷阅读理解) Banks, companies and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. 2. 有些抽象名词或物质名词可以转化成可数名词coffee 咖啡 a coffee 一杯咖啡comfort 安慰 a comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事difficulty 困难 difficultie
12、s 困难的事；难题pleasure 快乐 a pleasure 一件乐事surprise 惊奇 a surprise 令人惊奇的事necessity 必要 necessities 必需品shame 可耻 一个可耻的人或事honor 荣誉 an honor 一件光荣的事success 成功 a success 一个成功的人或事failure 失败 a failure 一个失败的人或事shock 震惊 a shock 一件震惊的事 (2016全国一卷阅读理解)Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them
13、a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. 考点二数词一 基数词1. 常见基数词的拼写oneeleventhirtytwotwelvefortythreethirteenfiftyfourfourteensixtyfivefifteenseventysixsixteeneightysevenseventeenninetyeighteighteenhundredninenineteenthousandtentwentymillion/billion2. 用作基数词单位的hundred、thousand、mi
14、llion、billion通常不带复数词尾-s，但若用于数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指，则用复数并与of连用，如：About two thousand people died in the earthquake. Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 3. 表示某人的大约年龄，即“几十多岁”时，使用基数词的复数形式。“in sb.s整十的基数词的复数”意为“在某人几十多岁时”，如：in his fifties二 序数词1. 常见序数词的拼写firstelevenththirtiethsecondtwelfthfortieththird
15、thirteenthfiftiethfourthfourteenthsixtiethfifthfifteenthseventiethsixthsixteentheightiethseventhseventeenthninetietheightheighteenthhundredthninthnineteenththousandthtenthtwentiethmillionth/billionth2. 21以上的多位数词，只将末位数变为序数词，前面的其他位数仍用基数词。如：21sttwentyfirst；22ndtwentysecond；33rdthirtythird；100thone hund
16、redth；3. 序数词修饰名词时一般要加定冠词the，如：This is the first lesson；4. 序数词前有时可用不定冠词a，此时不强调顺序。“a序数词”相当于another，表示“又一个，再一个”，如：Youd better try a third time.三 分数1. 分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数，如：three fifths=3/5；2. a quarter 可以表示1/4；分数特殊表示法12 a(one)half；14 a(one)quarter34 threequarters；214 two and a quarter112 one and
17、 a half；235 two and threefifths名师点津三分之一既可说onethird，也可说a third。3. 分子与分母之间加in/out of，分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词，one in/out of ten十分之一。A卷真题卷填空题1. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to ten minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and e
18、arly deaths from all _(cause). 2. Im a _(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 3. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. 4. She is determined to carry on with her _(educate)5. Chengd
19、u has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_(attract)6. The nursery team switches him every few _(day) with his sister,7. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve)8. Recent _(s
20、tudy) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 9. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(paint). 10. While there are amazing stor
21、ies of instant information, for most of us the _(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 11. Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese _(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. 12. Researchers have found that ther
22、e is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _(weigh) problems. 13. The _(possible) that there is life on another planet in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 14. Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Le
23、na Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small _(carrot) and was about to throw them away. 15. Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _(assume) youve made. 16. She turned down several _(invite) to star at shows to concentrate on her studies. 17. Some schools will have to make
24、 _(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 18. Im afraid she wont be happy with my _(apologize)19. Theres no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some_(think) and then let me know. 答案解析:1. causes all后面应该用可数名词复数；2. scientist不定冠词a后面用可数名词单数；3. crowds crowd前没有冠词且是可数名词，应用复数；4. education
25、 her形容词性物主代词后面接名词；5. attraction top为形容词且修饰后面的名字，故空格处用名词；6. days few修饰可数名词复数；7. achievement介词of后面用名词；8. studies根据后面的谓语动词show可知，应用复数形式；9. paintings many修饰可数名词复数；10. changes根据后面的系动词are可知，应用复数形式；11. dishes此处表复数概念，应用名词复数；12. weight此处指体重问题，修饰problems应用名词；13. possibility 根据空格前的The和空格后的同位语从句可知，此处应用名词14. car
26、rots a handful of 表示少量的，后接可数名词复数；15. assumption根据空格前的The和空格后的定语从句可知，此处应用名词；16. invitations several后面应接可数名词复数；17. adjustments make adjustments 做出调整18. apology/apologies 形容词性物主代词后用名词；19. thought some后跟名词。thought 表示思考，这里是不可数名词。单句改错题1. Around me in the picture are the things that were very important in
27、my life at that time: car magazine and musical instruments. 2. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. 3. The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier. 4. To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net. 5. The teenager year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for m
28、e. 答案解析:1. magazine-magazines根据后面的instruments可知这里应用复数；2. honest-honesty此题系动词后面应该和key对应为名词；3. airs-air air为不可数名词；4. surprising-surprise所有格后应用名词形式；5. year-years后面的were提示应用可数名词复数形式。B卷模拟题填空题1. Without the proper treatment, minor _(injury) or burns could lead to more suffering and even loss of lives. 2.
29、They were the kind that I didnt have in my _(collect) so I placed them carefully in my bag. 3. Three more months later, Tom was able to communicate happily with all his classmates about regular things like homework and _(game)4. For sustainable development, the government has decided to give _(prefer) to those energy-saving and environmentally friendly businesses in many ways. 5. He asked _(permit) to introduce his friend, whose name was Mr Wickham, and who had apparently arrive recently from London. 6. Experts hope the whole society pays more attention to the mental health of _
