1、Site for Former Whampoa Military Academy 广州黄埔军校旧址 中英文Site for Former Whampoa Military Academy【On the way to the Academy】-【At the Main Entrance】-【At the Academy Gate】-【At the Office of the Political Department】-【Presidents General Office】-【Presidents Reception Chamber】-【Former Residence of Sun Yat-se
2、n】-【Monument to Sun Yat-sen】- 【Its Club】-【Its swimming Pool】-【Martyrs Cemetery in Memory of Eastern Expedition】【On the way to the Academy】 Whampoa Military Academy is the cradle of Chinese military strategists, and a holy land of the national revolution. It is known as one of the four prestigious mi
3、litary academies together with the west point in the United Stages, the royal Military Academy in Britain and Frunze Military Academy in former Russia. After Xinhai revolution in 1911, China stood the test such events as the First National Revolutionary War, the land reform, War of Resistance agains
4、t Japan and the War of Liberation. Graduates and staff from Whampoa Military Academy starred during the war or peace times in the different ways.Among the ten generals of the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army, five of them were its graduates. They are Ye Jianying, Nei Rongzhen, Chen Yi, Xu Xiangqian a
5、nd Lin Biao. Its staff members include Zhou Emlai, Tao Zhu, Liu Zhidan and Zuo Quan. They were awarded their titles as the first group of generals of the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army. They have made great contribution to the victory of the War of Liberation. The generals of the Nationalist Army a
6、re graduates of Whampoa as well. Li Jishen, Du Yuming, Hu Zongnan, Deng Yanda, Song Xilian and Chen Cheng, to name a few. Some people commented that the wars in the modern time of China were actually battles among its former staff and graduates. This is a snap conclusion but to some degree it is tru
7、e if we look at the name lists of the generals of the two parties: the Communist Party and the Nationalist Party. Many historical documents and facts shadow the Whampoa Military Academy with a mysterious veil. This myth attracts people from all walks of life come to pay a visit or to conduct related
8、 research. With the assistance of the Communist Party of China and the former Soviet government, Sun Yat-sen founded a new-style military and political academy. “To establish a revolutionary army to save China form all risks” was the aim he brought forth at its opening ceremony on June, 16th, 1926.
9、This academy was under the leadership of Premier Sun Yat-sen, President Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist Party representative Liao Zhongkai. It ran seven enrollments on end before it was relocated to Nanjing in 1930 and later to Chengdu and Taiwan.【At the Main Entrance】 Inscribed on the plaque at t
10、he top of the main entrance are six Chinese characters “陆军军官学校”(General Academy of Army), written by Tan Yankai, the patriarch of the Nationalist Party. The academy was renamed for a few times, but they never put the four Chinese character “黄埔军校”on the plaque. It is called so just because it was loc
11、ated at Whampoa, in Changzhou Island, Guangzhou. Now we come back to the topic why Sun Yat-sen wanted to found a military academy? He devoted himself to the national revolution for more than two decades, but he did not have an army loyal to the revolution. This led to the failure in revolution from
12、time to time, he concluded. He felt extremely sad in 1922 when Chen Jiongmin betrayed him and bombarded the Office of the President. After deep refection, he was determined to establish a general academy of army to cultivate leading generals and well-trained soldiers in order to succeed in the revol
13、ution. Mottos and couplets were posted inside the Academy. We can find the last words of Premier Sun Yat-sen here: “The work of revolution is not yet done, let all our comrades strive for its success.”Behind the main entrance is the site of the academy. It used to be the Canton Army Primary School i
14、n the late Qing Dynasty. After the Academy was established, the presidents office, departments offices, classrooms, dormitories and the dining hall were all here. But all the buildings on the campus were destroyed by Japanese fighter planes in 1938. It was really a pity. In May, 1998, Guangzhou muni
15、cipal government decided to have the academy rebuilt. Its reconstruction cost more than 20 million yuan. It was completed on November 12th, in 1998 when it was the 130th anniversary of Premier Sun Yat-sen.【At the Academy Gate】 The Academy covers an area of 10,600 square meters .Its two-storey school
16、 board buildings are brick-timber framed. Three main passages and four rows of housing buildings are its layout. The four rows of housing buildings have the same design and stand symmetrically on either the east or the west side of an invisible north-south axis. Surrounded by walls, these four build
17、ings lead onto the main passages. As we can see, the buildings on the campus are linked into a complete whole by passages. We can also feel its quietness and grace. The place we are now standing at was called “Dahua Hall”. It was the meeting place of its staff members and students when the academy w
18、as just set up and they did not have auditorium.【At the Office of the Political Department】 We are now visiting the office of the Political Department. Premier Zhou Enlai worked as the third director of this Department when they had their first enrollment. Marshal Nie Rongzhen acted as secretary for
19、 this Department, and he worked as a drill master as well. Presidents Chamber is the room where President Qiang Kai-shek used to work and rest. The furnishings in the room are displayed according to their original arrangement when he was here. On the walls is name list of their first enrolled studen
20、ts, including their name, birth place, ages and comment column. President is the person who makes the comment in the column. He once wrote about Chen Gen like this: “This graduate looks weak, but he is poised and hardworking. He is qualified to lead his men.” From the comments he made, we cold infer
21、 that President Qiang Kai-shek is a careful observer of the students personality, ability and strong points.【Presidents General Office】Now we are entering Presidents General Office. Nationalist Partys representative, Liao Zhongkai, worked here. As the Partys patriarch and great contributor to the Xi
22、nhai Revolution, he dedicated himself to the establishment of the Academy by taking concurrent posts. When the school had financial difficulties, he spared no effort to raise funds to get through. He assured his colleagues, “Please dont worry about our financial situation, Ill be responsible for it.
23、 You are shouldered with the responsibility to train and nurture our students.” His devotedness won him the title “a motherly affectionate leader of the party and the army.”【Presidents Reception Chamber】 The couplet in the Presidents Reception says, “Climb the hills to see the sea afar, ride on the
24、horse to pacify China”. It was written by the famous calligrapher and the Nationalist Partys Patriarch Yu Youren and was presented to President Chiang Kai-shek. The structure of the couplet in Chinese is symmetrical. Its wording is vigorous. This couplet expresses the ambition and firm determination
25、 of the staff and students to reunify China, with this academy as their solid base.【The Former Residence of Sun Yat-sen】The two-storey building combines the Chinese and western architectural styles. It was used as a customs house during the Qing Dynasty. In 1952 when this building was under repair,
26、the wooden staircase in the west was made indoors. The exhibits were organized into the themes of “The Old Days of this Storied Building” and “Anecdotes of Sun-Mei”. We can see some pictures, and some physical objects. From the exhibits here, we can know more about the past glory of the academy, and
27、 the friendship between Sun Yat-sen and his Japanese friend, Umeya Shakichi.【Monument to Sun Yat-sen】 This monument was built in 1928 and completed in 1930. It can be said that its shape and design is distinctive. Viewed from afar, a huge Chinese character “文”is eye-catching.“文”is the focus of the w
28、hole thing. Why so? As you know, “文”is the name given by his parents when he was born.The base of the monuments is massive. Four striking Chinese characters “亲爱精诚”are written there, emphasizing the qualities of “love and sincerity”. This four-word text is the motto of the Military Academy. This base
29、 consists of two parts, separating by a passage. The lower part implies a figure of seven. It symbolizes the seven enrollments the Military Academy has had in Whampoa. The upper part implies a figure of five. It refers to the five battles its staff and students waged successfully.Please look up at t
30、he statue of Sun Yat-sen. He was concentrating himself in lecturing his Three Principles of the People, wasnt he?This bronze statue is 3.9 meters in height and 1 ton in weight. It was donated by his Japanese friend, Umeya Shakichi, who entrusted this work to a Japanese sculptor (牧田祥哉). As Umeya was
31、in financial difficulty at that time, he had four identical statues made only. The other three were placed respectively in Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, and Sun Yat-sen Memorial in Macau.Under the foot of the statue, we can see Chinese characters inscribed on
32、 the four sides of the monument. On its front facade is “孙总理纪念碑”，the handwritings of a famous calligrapher, called Hu Hanming. Its equivalent in English is “Dedicated to Premier Sun”. On its back are the words, depicting him a man as he is. These words are used as the oaths of his comrades when they
33、 go on with the work he left unfinished. On its eastern side are“和平、奋斗、救中国”（For Peace, to Struggle and Save China）.On its western side is the exhortation of Premier Sun. These words have been encouraging, inciting and advising earnestly his comrades and later generations. His exhortation was adopted as na
