1、春季课程外研版高一英语语法回顾状语从句一2018年春季课程外研版高一英语第15讲：语法回顾状语从句（一）一、课程介绍 知识点 1. 掌握时间状语从句用法，功能及表达的意义。 2. 掌握地点状语从句用法，功能及表达的意义。 3. 掌握原因状语从句用法，功能及表达的意义。 4. 掌握条件状语从句用法，功能及表达的意义。 5. 掌握状语从句中的时态搭配。 教学重点 1. 时间、地点、原因和条件状语从句的连接词。 2. 时间和条件状语从句中时态的搭配。 教学难点 1. 某些不常见的连接词。 2. 状语从句中时态的呼应。二、要点回顾 .知识回顾1 _ is a good form of exercise
2、 for both young and old.2 He avoided _ by his parents.3 We _ League member, the work was well done.4 He appears _ a cold.5 He worked day and night _ the money.6 _ by the people, he became the pride of his parents.【答案】1. walking 2.being punished 3. being 4. to have caught 5. to get 6. Praised.活用句型 翻译
3、下列句子1.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 _.2.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 _.3.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 _.4.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。 _.【答案】1. He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 2. His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 3. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.4. Given more time, Ill be abl
4、e to do it better.三、知识精要 语法知识列表【语法点一】时间状语从句的常见引导词。由下列连词引导：when, while , as, before, after, once, till, until, once, as soon as, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan,有一些表示时间的副词（短语）或名词短语也可引导时间状语从句。另外如：directly, instantly, immediately, by the time，the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, eve
5、ry time, each time, next time, the last time等也可引导状语从句。【语法点二】地点从句的常见引导词。由下列连词引导:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。【语法点三】原因状语从句的常见引导词。 由下列连词引导：as, because, since, now that（既然，由于）, considering that, seeing that(鉴于-)。【语法点四】条件状语从句的常见引导词。 分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。 由下列连词引导：if, unless, suppose, supposing
6、, providing(that),provided(that),given(that),in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。【语法点五】状语从句的时态呼应1）在时间和条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态： I wont go if it rains tomorrow. 要是明天下雨，我就不去。(不能用will rain) 2）有时也可见到 if you will 这样的说法，但那不是将来时态，而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(此时的 will是情态动词)： If you wil
7、l wait a moment, Ill fetch the money. 请等一下，我就去拿钱。四、要点讲练【要点1】时间状语从句的引导词 1)when, while, as引导的时间状语从句的区别（1）as表示“当的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。 She came up as I was cooking.(同时) When I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.在街上走时，碰到一位老朋友（2）when(at or during t
8、he time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)When we arrived there, the film had already begun.(先后发生)（3）While强调一段时间里，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；在w
9、hen表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。Please dont talk so loud while/when others are working. 其他人工作时请不要大声讲话。He fell asleep while/when reading. 读书时他睡着了。While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁！）Make hay while the sun shines.( 不可用as或whe
10、n，这里的while意思是“趁”)as表示主从句动作同时发生，所以常译作一边一边。John sings as he works.当When引出的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用 as 引导的省略句来代替。When he was a young man (= As a young man ) he was fond of hunting.【例题】 （2015福建）._the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. A
11、 . While B. Unless C. Since D. Until【解析】 考查连词辨析。这里是一个while引导的让步状语从句。while尽管（引导让步状语从句）； unless除非（通常用于条件状语从句）； since自从（引导时间状语从句）； until直到才（通常用在时间状语从句中）。结合句意：尽管学生都来自不同的国家，他们在夏令营里面都相处得很好。故选A。【答案】A【即学即用】1. 用when，while，before，since填空 Children，_accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium
12、. The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times _ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant” 【答案】when before2. 用时间状语从句翻译下列句子 当我的父亲把我叫醒并我告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时在半夜。 趁热打铁！【答案】 It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game . Strike while the iron is hot
13、.（趁热打铁！【知识拓展】“It +be+ 时间 + 从句” 结构 在“ It +be+ 时间 + 从句”结构中，引导从句的从属连词有 before, that, since, until （ till ） , when 等。这一结构是近几年高考常考的知识点，现将它们的用法小结如下： 1、 It +be （ not ） + 时间段 +before 从句。 其中的主句是肯定式时，意为“过多长时间才”；主句是否定式时，意为“没过多久就”。例如： . It was not long before the whole country rose and drove the Austrian soldie
14、rs from their homeland. 不久，全国人民便奋起反抗，把奥地利军队从他们的国土上赶了出去。 . It may be five or six years before the new medicine is tested on human beings. 要过五六年时间这种新药才能在人身上做试验。 . It was two months before he designed the bridge. 过了两个月，他设计出了这座桥梁。 2、 It +will be （ was ） + 时间段 +until 从句 若主句中用一般将来时，则从句中用一般现在时，意思是从现在起到从句中谓
15、语动词表示的动作发生时还有多长时间；若主句中用一般过去时，则从句中也用一般过去时，意思是从过去某一时间起到从句中谓语动词表示的动作发生还有多长时间。例如： . It will be ten days until my birthday comes. 到我生日还有十天。 . It was only five minutes until her husband came back from work. 当时离她丈夫下班只有五分钟了。 注意：结构“一”与结构“二”在肯定句中几乎可以通用。但是，若从句中谓语动词表示的将来动作一定或预期肯定会发生，则多用 until 引导从句；若从句中谓语动词表示的将来
16、动作在客观上并非一定要发生时，则多用 before 引导从句。 3、 It +is / has been （ was ） + 时间段 +since 从句 在这一结构中，主句常用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。如果 since 引导的状语从句中的谓语动词为非延续性动词，则表示“自从状语从句中的动作发生以后，时间过不了多久”。例如： It is two years since Jim came to China. 吉姆来中国两年了。 . It has been three years since they got married. 他们结婚已经三年了。 如果 since 从句中的谓语动词为延续
17、性动词，则表示“自从从句谓语动词表示的动作结束以来，时间已过了多久”。例如： . It is / has been a year since he smoked. 他戒烟已经一年了。 4、 It +is / was + 时间点 +when 从句 在这一结构中，时间之前没有介词，从句为 when 引导的时间状语从句。从句常用一般过去时，意为“当某事发生时，时间是”。例如： . It was October 1st, 1949 when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 中华人民共和国成立于 1949 年 10 月 1 日。 . What tim
18、e was it when you got to school? 你几点到的学校。 5 . It is /was + 时间状语 +that 从句 这是一个强调句型，被强调的部分是时间状语。表示“正是在某个时间，某事发生了”。例如 . It was ten years ago that he joined the army. 他正是在十年前参的军。 . It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street. 就是在昨天下午我在街上遇见了他。 6、 It is / was +first time / second time + （ that
19、 ）从句 在这一结构中， time 前面常用序数词来修饰， that 引导的是定语从句，从句中常用现在完成时态或过去完成时态，表示“这是第次做某事”。例如： . This is the first time in my life that I have come to Beijing. 这是我一生中第一次来北京。 . It was the third time that he had asked the same question. 这是他第三次问同一个问题。 7、 It is （ high ） time +that 从句 在这一结构中， that 从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“ shou
20、ld + 动词原形”或用动词的过去式，表示“该做某事了”。例如： . It is high time that we began our work. 我们该开始我们的工作了。 . It is time that he left the place. 他该离开那个地方了。【要点2】地点状语从句的引导词1）由下列连词引导:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以去你想要去的任何地方。Anywhere he went, he got warm welcome. 无论他走到哪儿，都收到
21、热烈欢迎。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。2）地点状语从句与定语从句的区别where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无需先行词。如： Go back where you came from. (where引导地点状语从句） Go back to the village where you came from. (where引导定语从句修饰village)3）地点状语从句的省略，如Fill in the blanks with articles necessary .(necessary前省略了whe
22、re it is)在需要的地方填上冠词。【例题】【2009 江苏】 _ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until【解析】考查地点状语从句。 句意：在失业率和犯罪率很高的地方，我们可以认为犯罪是由失业所导致的。【答案】B【即学即用】1. 用正确的连接词填空 _ there is a will, there is a way. _ we are met with cynicism, and
23、doubt, and those who tell us that we cant.【答案】 Where Where2.用will或would翻译句子 许多人只看见一个冷酷无情的罪犯,但我看到的却是一个孤独而绝望的男人。 哪里有真爱,哪里就有奇迹。【答案】 Where most people saw nothing but a hardened criminal, I saw a lonely and desperate man. Where there is great love, there are always miracles.【知识拓展】where引导的状语从句与定语从句的区别 Wh
24、ere引导地点状语从句时,where不能改写成“介词+which”我们知道,定语从句中的where可以改写成“介词+which”的形式。如上面的例句b,我们可以将其中的where替换成in which,即:Approximately 45 percent of the worlds population live in climate zone in which mosquitoes transmit malaria.相比之下,地点状语从句中的where是不能替换为“介词+which”的。综上所述,where引导的地点状语从句与主句的谓语之间存在逻辑语义关系,表示动作发生的地点;而where引
25、导的定语从句则是与 where前面的地点(或抽象地点)名词之间存在逻辑语义关系,用来限定名词。 【要点3】原因状语从句的引导词1) because语气最强，用于回答why的提问，可与强调词only, just 以及否定词not 连用。但不可以与so连用。You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you.He failed because he was careless. 他因粗心而失败了。because引导的从句可以被强调：It was because she wanted to study abroad that
26、 she entered for TOEFL（强调句）2) since引导的从句语气次于because引导的从句，常表示稍加分析后而推断出的原因，或指人们已知的事实，比as正式一些,常置于句首。as语气最弱，其原因只是对结果的附带说明，一般放在句首。Since/ Now that no one is against it ,lets carry out the plan.As all the seats were full, he stood there. 所有的座位都满了他只好站那儿。3) for虽解释为“因为”但只是一个并列连词，它也常引导句子表原因，但不是原因状语从句，它是一个并列句。f
27、or所提供的理由是一种补充性的说明，表推测的理由。The day was short, for it was December.She must have cried for her eyes are red. 她一定哭过了，她眼睛红的。【例题】【2014陕西卷18】 _ youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as 【解析】本题考查原因状语从句，句与从句之间存在因果关系， 且“youve got a chance”表示一个显而易
28、见的原因， 因此应选用表原因的now that。【答案】A【即学即用】1. 用正确的连接词填空 You can trust those products _ the quality never varies. _you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.【答案】 because Since2. 用shall 翻译下列句子 既然外边在下雨，我们最好待在室内。 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧(既来之，则安之)。【答案】 Seeing that its raining, wed better stay indoors.N
29、ow that you are here, youd better stay. 【知识拓展】1. in view of the fact that可用as/since/seeing that来表示，但不能用because：As/Since/Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand.既然你在这里，你就帮我个忙吧。As/Since/Seeing that Tom knows French, hed better do the talking.既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。2. 在as/since/seeing that意指以前共
30、知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替：As/Since/Seeing/If you dont like Bill。why did you invite him?既然/如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他？【要点4】条件状语从句的连接词分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气中）。由下列连词引导：if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing(that),provided(that),given(that),in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。1. Unless =if not 如：You will fail unless you study h
