1、生化中英文对照习题 修改版Exercise collections for BiochemistrySection one: noun explanation1.Primary structure of protein蛋白质的一级结构2.Secondary structure of protein蛋白质的二级结构3.Tertiary structure of protein蛋白质的三级结构4.Quaternary structure of protein蛋白质的四级结构5.Motifs基序6.Domains域名7.Molecular chaperones分子伴侣8.Cooperativity协
2、同9.Protein denaturation蛋白质变性10.Primary structure of DNA DNA的一级结构11.Secondary structure of DNA DNA的二级结构12.Nucleosome核小体13.Ribozyme核酶14.DNA denaturation DNA变性15.Melting temperature熔融温度16.DNA renaturation DNA的复性17.Nucleic acid hybridization核酸杂交18.Enzyme酶19.Multienzyme system多酶片系统20.Multifunctional enzy
3、me多功能酶21.Holoenzyme全酶22.Coenzyme辅酶23.Prosthetic group辅基24.Vitamine维生素25.Essential group of enzyme酶的重要组26.Active center of enzyme酶的活动中心27.Activation energy活化能28.Specificity of enzyme特异性的酶29.Induced-fit hypothesis诱导契合假说30.Initial velocity初始速度31.Michealis constant (Km) Michealis常数（公里）32.Optimum tempera
4、ture and Optimum pH最适温度和最适pH33.Inhibitor of enzyme酶抑制剂34.Irreversible inhibition不可逆性抑制35.Reversible inhibition可逆的抑制作用36.Competitive inhibition竞争性抑制37.Activator of enzyme激活酶38.Activity of enzyme酶活性39.Zymogen (Proenzyme) 酶原（酶原）40.Activation of zmogen激活的zmogen41.Competitive inhibition竞争性抑制42.Allosteric
5、 regulation变构调节43.Covalent modification共价修饰44.Indution and repression of protein biosynthesis蛋白质合成的Indution和压制45.Isoenzymes同工酶46.Enzyme coupled assays酶耦合分析47.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay酶联免疫吸附试验48.Glycolysis (narrow sense) 糖酵解（狭义）49.Glycolytic pathway糖酵解途径50.Substrate-level phosphorylation底物水平磷
6、酸51.Aerobic oxidation of glucose葡萄糖的有氧氧化52.Pastuer effect53.Glyconeogenesis糖原生成作用54.Gluconeogenic pathway55.Substrate cycle基板周期56.Cori cycle (lactate cycle) 柯里周期（乳酸周期）57.Pentose phosphate pathway磷酸戊糖途径58.Favism蚕豆病59.Glycogenesis糖原生成60.Glycogenolysis糖原61.Activated glucose激活葡萄糖62.Cascade system级联系统63.
7、Three-carbon pathway三碳途径64.Blood sugar血糖65.Essential fatty acids必需脂肪酸66.Fat mobilization脂肪动员67.Hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase激素敏感型甘油三酯脂酶68.Lipolytic hormone脂解激素69.Anti-lipolytic hormone抗脂解激素70.-Oxidation of fatty acid脂肪酸-氧化71.Ketone bodies酮体72.Citrate-pyruvate cycle柠檬酸 - 丙酮酸循环73.Blood lipid血脂
8、74.Lipoprotein脂蛋白75.LCAT and ACAT LCAT和基督徒76.LDL-receptor metabolic pathwayLDL受体代谢途径77.Reverse cholesterol transport胆固醇的逆向转运78.Biological oxidation生物氧化79.Citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle) 柠檬酸循环（三羧酸循环）80.Oxidation-reduction potential (redox potential) 氧化还原电位（氧化还原电位）81.Electron transport ch
9、ain (Respiratory chain) 电子传递链（呼吸链）82.Oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化83.P/O ratio P / O比值84.Respiratory control呼吸控制85.Uncouplers解偶联剂86.Photosynthesis光合作用87.The light reactions光反应88.The dark reactions (carbon-fixation reactions) 暗反应（碳固定反应）89.Photosystem光系统90.Essential amino acids必需氨基酸91.Complementary e
10、ffect of food proteins食物中蛋白质的互补效应92.Putrefaction of proteins腐烂的蛋白质93.Ubiquitination marker泛素标记94.Metabolic pool of amino acids氨基酸的代谢池95.Transamination转胺基作用96.Oxidative deamination氧化脱氨97.Conjunctive deamination结膜脱氨98.Purine nucleotide cycle嘌呤核苷酸循环99.Alanine-glucose cycle丙氨酸 - 葡萄糖循环100.Ornithine cycle
11、 (urea cycle) 鸟氨酸循环（尿素循环）101.One carbon unit一碳单位102.Methionine cycle蛋氨酸循环103.The nitrogen cycle氮循环104.Biological nitrogen fixation生物固氮105.Nitrogen assimilation氮同化106.de novo synthesis of purine nucleotaide从头合成嘌呤救助途径107.Salvage pathways of pyrimidine nucleotide嘧啶核苷酸的救助途径108.Anti-metabolite of nucleot
12、ide synthesis核苷酸合成的抗代谢109.Central dogma中心法则110.DNA replication DNA复制111.Semi-conservative replication半保守复制112.Semi-discontinuous replication半不连续复制113.Replication forks复制叉114.Replicon复制子115.Prepriming complex引物预合成复合体116.Leading strand and lagging strand领导链和滞后链117.Klelow fragment Klelow片段118.Okazaki f
13、ragments冈崎片段119.Reverse transcription反转录120.Mutation突变121.Spontaneous mutation自发突变122.Mutagenesis突变123.DNA damage DNA损伤124.Point mutation点突变125.Deletion and insertion删除和插入126.Frame-shift mutation移码突变127.DNA Repair DNA修复128.Transcription转录129.Structural gene结构基因130.Asymmetric transcription不对称转录131.Co
14、ding strand编码链132.Heat shock proteins (Hsp) 热休克蛋白（HSP）133.Transcription bubble转录泡沫134.Pre-initiation complex (PIC) 前起始复合物（PIC）135.Split gene拆分基因136.Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) 小核核糖核蛋白（snRNP）137.Splicesome138.Exon外显子139.Intron内含子140.rDNA rDNA序列141.Translation翻译142.Genetic codon遗传密码子143.Op
15、en reading frame (ORF) 开放阅读框（ORF）144.Degeneracy简并145.Wobble摇晃146.Actiation of amino acid Actiation的氨基酸147.Shine-Dalgarno sequence (ribosomal binding site) 服务Dalgarno序列（核糖体结合位点）148.Ribosomal cycle核糖体循环149.Transpeptidase and Translocase150.Release factor (RF) 释放因子（RF）151.Polyribosome多核蛋白体,多核糖体152.Fold
16、ing of nascent polypeptide chain新生肽链的折叠153.Protein targeting蛋白质定位154.Signal sequence信号序列155.Signal peptide信号肽156.Signal recognition particles (SRP) 信号识别颗粒（SRP）157.Antibiotics抗生素158.Inteferon (IF) Inteferon（中频）159.Genome基因组160.Gene expression基因表达161.Temporal specificity (stage specificity) 时空特异性（阶段特异
17、性）162.Spatial specificity (tissue specificity) 空间特异性（组织特异性）163.Housekeeping geng164.Constitutive geng expression165.Induction and repression诱导和压制166.Coordinate expression坐标表达式167.Operon操纵子168.Pribnow box Pribnow盒169.Cis-acting element顺式作用元件170.Hogness box Hogness盒171.Trans-acting factors反式作用因子172.Tr
18、anscriptional factors (TF) 转录因子（TF）173.Heat shock response热休克反应174.Enhancer增强子175.Homologous recombination (general recombination) 同源重组（一般重组）176.Conjugation共轭177.Transformation转型178.Transduction转导179.Site-specific recombination位点特异性重组180.Transposition换位181.DNA cloning (molecular cloning) DNA克隆（分子克隆）
19、182.Recombinant DNA technology重组DNA技术183.Target gene靶基因184.Restriction endonuclease限制性内切酶185.Palindrome回文186.Cloning vector克隆载体187.Expression vector表达载体188.Plasmid质粒189.Genomic DNA library基因组DNA文库190.cDNA library cDNA文库191.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 聚合酶链反应（PCR）192.Competent cell感受态细胞193.Transfo
20、rmed cell转化细胞194.Gene diagnosis基因诊断195.Gene therapy基因疗法196.Signal transduction信号转导197.Synaptic signal (neurotransmitter) 突触信号（神经递质）198.Endocrine signal (endocrine hormone) 内分泌信号（内分泌激素）199.Paracrine signal (local chemical medium) 旁分泌信号（局部化学介质）200.Autocrine signal自分泌信号201.Intracellular signaling molec
21、ule细胞内的信号分子202.Secondary messenger第二的使者203.Tertiary messenger第三信使204.Receptor受体205.Ligand配体206.Protein kinase A (PKA) 蛋白激酶A（PKA）207.Protein kinase C (PKC) 蛋白激酶C（PKC）208.Calmodulin (CaM) 钙调蛋白（CAM）209.Tyrosine-protein kinase (TPK) 酪氨酸蛋白激酶（TPK）210.ALA synthase ALA合成酶211.Erythropoietin (EPO) 促红细胞生成素（EPO
22、的）212.Biotransformatin 213.Primary bile acids 初级胆汁酸214.Secondary bile acids 次级胆汁酸215.Bile acids Enterohepatic circulation胆汁酸的肝肠循环216.Bile pigments胆色素217.Conjugated bilirubin结合胆红素218.Unconjugated bilirubin未结合胆红素219.Bilinogen enterohepatic circulation Bilinogen肝肠循环220.Jaundice黄疸Section two: single sel
23、ection第二部分：单项选择1.Which of the following is coding amino acid? ( )A. Cystine B. TyrosineC. Ornithine D. Citrulline1。以下是编码氨基酸？ （）A.胱氨酸B.酪氨酸C.鸟D.瓜氨酸2.The amino acid containing a hydroxyl group is ( ).A. Glutamate B. Phenylalanine C. Tryptophan D. Tyrosine2。氨基酸含有羟基组是（）。A.谷氨酸B.苯丙氨酸C.色氨酸D.酪氨酸3.The amino a
24、cid containing a sulfhydryl group is ( ).A. Ser B. Cys C. His D. Met E. Thr3。包含巯基的氨基酸是（）。A.丝氨酸B.半胱氨酸C.他的D.气象E.苏氨酸4.The amino acid containing a imidazole（咪唑）group is ( ).A. Trp B. TryC. His D. Phe E. Arg4。氨基酸，含有咪唑组（咪唑）是（）。答：色氨酸b.尝试C.他的D.苯丙氨酸E.精氨酸5.The amino acid which does not exist in natural protei
25、ns is ( ).A. cysteine B. citrullineC. methionine D.glycine E. lysine5。不存在于天然蛋白质的氨基酸是（）。A.半胱氨酸B.瓜氨酸C.蛋氨酸D.glycine大肠杆菌赖氨酸6.The amino acid occurring at turn structure of a peptide chain is ( ).A. proline B. CysteineC. glutamate D. methionine E. alanine6。又一条肽链结构发生的氨基酸是（）。答：脯氨酸二半胱氨酸C.谷氨酸D.蛋氨酸E.丙氨酸7.The s
26、tructural level that functional proteins have at least is ( ).A. primary structure B. secondary structureC. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure E. to link with prosthetic group7。功能蛋白的结构层次，至少是（）。A.一级结构B.二级结构C.三级结构D.四级结构（五）链接与辅基8.The chemical bond to maintain primary structure of proteins is (
27、).A. peptide bond B. hydrogen bond C. hydrophobic bond D. salt bond8。保持蛋白质的一级结构的化学键是（）。A.肽键B.氢键C.疏水键D.盐债券9.Which of the following structure does the myoglobin have? ( ).A. primary structure B. -helix C. -pleated sheetD. tertiary structure E. quaternary structure9。肌红蛋白有以下结构？ （）。A.一级结构B.-螺旋C.-折叠D.三级结构
28、E.四级结构10.Which of the following can be called an oligomeric protein?A. insulin B. lactate dehydrogenaseC. Myoglobin D. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex10。下列哪一项可以被称为寡聚蛋白？A.胰岛素B.乳酸脱氢酶C.肌红蛋白D.丙酮酸脱氢酶复合物11.Which of the following is not a conjugated protein.( )A. albumin B. dehydrogenaseC. hemoglobin D. lip
29、oprotein11。下列哪一项不是偶联蛋白（）A.白蛋白B.脱氢酶C.血红蛋白D.脂蛋白12.Which pH solution of the following does serum albumins (pI = 4.7) have positive charges in? ( )A. pH4.0 B. pH5.0 C. pH6.0 D. pH7.0 E. pH8.012。其中pH值以下的解决方案做血清白蛋白（PI = 4.7）有正面的收费吗？ （）答：PH4.0 B. PH5.0三pH6.0的D. pH8.0 pH7.0的大肠杆菌13.Essential of protein denat
30、uration is ( ).A. break of peptide bonds B. rupture of hydrogen bondsC. break of secondary bonds D. rupture of disulfide bonds13。蛋白质变性至关重要的是（）。A.打破肽键B.氢键破裂D. C.二级债券打破二硫键断裂14.The base is found in mRNA but not in DNA is ( ).A. A B. C C. G D. T E. U14。该基地是在mRNA，但不是在DNA是（）15.The common composition of DN
31、A and RNA is ( ).A. D-ribose B. D-2-deoxyribose C. guanine D. uracil E. thymine15。共同构成DNA和RNA是（）。A. D -核糖B. D - 2 -脱氧核糖C.鸟嘌呤D.尿嘧啶E.胸腺嘧啶16.Essential of DNA denaturation is ( ).A. break of phosphodiester bonds B. rupture of hydrogen bondsC. break of secondary bonds D. destruction of base stacking16。 DNA变性的本质是（）。A.磷酸二酯键断裂B.氢键破裂C.打破二级债券D.破坏堆叠基地17.If the content of
