1、中考语法专题之形容词中考语法专题之形容词一. 形容词概述 形容词用来修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。 例：She is a beautiful girl. He is clever. The box is heavy. 二. 形容词在句中所做成分 (1) 做定语 例：The strong man is Howard. I have something important to tell you. （2）做表语 例：Howard is strong. 【注意】有些形容词只能作表语 例：alone, alive，afraid，asleep，ill，interested，excited,
2、surprised等。 如：That old man feels alone because his children are out. Im afraid he cant come 而以ly结尾的形容词有friendly，lively，lovely，likely等。（3）做宾语补足语 做宾补，放在宾语后，常与make、leave、 keep等词连用, 即make/keep/leave + sb./sth + adj 例：Howard keeps himself strong. 三、形容词与其他词类的位置关系 (1) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, eve
3、rything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后。 来源: 例：I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. Can you find anywhere quiet? He has been sent to somewhere particular. Did you see anybody else? 你还看到别人了吗?四、 某些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，其作用相当于一个名词，如：the young（年轻人），the poor（穷人），the rich（富人）。当
4、其作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。例：The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.【总结】初中常见词类用法的形容词总结：the young/old, the poor/rich, the sick, the blind/deaf , the dead/living, the hungry五. 如果有两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，其前后排列顺序一般如下： 多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为： 冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词+基数词+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+
5、材料+用途、类别+最终修饰的名词或动名词。 【记忆口诀】大小形状和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料 例如：a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花。 翻译： 我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子。 可以翻译成 I have a big, round ,red, wooden, Chinese table.六形容词原级、比较级、最高级的用法1. 形容词原级的用法（1）说明人或事物自身的特征、性质、或状态时用形容词原级。 翻译：花园里的花很漂亮。 The flowers in the garden are _.Key: very beatiful（2）有表示绝对概念的副
6、词：very,so, too, enough, quite 等修饰形容词原级。 翻译：这个男孩太小了。 The boy is too _. Key: young（3）表示A和B在某方面程度相同和不同时用形容词原级。 翻译：英语和汉语一样有趣。 English is _ _ _ Chinese. Key: as interesting as 总结: 肯定句中结构 A. as +adj+as.B 在否定句结构 A.not so/as +adj+as.B 翻译：这本书不如那本书新 _ Key: This book is not as new as that book. (还有其他表达方式吗？) He
7、 thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.2. 形容词比较级的用法。 （1）形容词比较级和最高级的变化规则总结 规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级 最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加er,est long talllongertallerlongesttallest以不发音的字母e结尾的词，直接加er, est late large later largerlater largest以辅音字母y结尾的，变y为i，加erest easy happy easier happier easiest happiest以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个
8、辅音字母，双写最后的辅音字母，再加er, est big hotbiggerhotter bigger hotter多音节和部分双音节在原级前加more, mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulbeautifulmore beautifulmostbeautiful 不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/ well better bestmany/ muchmoremostbad/ill worse worstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)futher（进一步的）farthest(最远)furthest(最大限度)oldelder(较年
9、长的)older（年纪较大的）eldest（最年长的）oldest（年纪最大的）（2） 用于比较两者间的关系 丽丽的房间比我的大。 _Key: Lilys room is bigger than mine. 注意：为了避免重复，在从句中经常用the one, that, those, 代替前面出现过的名词。 the one 代替可数名词的单数形式 the ones/those 代替可数名词的复数形式 that 代替不可数名词 例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou in winter.(3) 表示程度的副词：a li
10、ttle, a bit, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰形容词时，该形容词可用比较级。 今天比昨天冷的多。 _ Key: Today is much colder than yesterday.(4) 表示“两者之间，比较。的一个”，常用the +比较级 玛丽是双胞胎中最高的一个 _ Key: Mary is the taller between the twins. (5) 表示：”几倍” 倍数+比较级+than 例句： My sister is three years younger than you.(6) 表示越来越. 结构：
11、 比较级+and+比较级 多音节：用more and more + 形容词原级 翻译：春天变得越来越暖和。 Its getting _ _ _ in spring. Key: warmer and warmer(7) 表示越.越., 用“the+比较级，the +比较级”结构。 翻译：越多越好_ Key: The more, the better.3. 形容词最高级的用法 最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众多人或事物中，其中一个“最”。最高级在结构上和比较级有两个明显的区别标志：(1) 一般用the限定最高级的范围，也可以说，现阶段the就是最高级的主要标志。但是，当形容词
12、最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the，副词最高级前的the通常也是省略的。 Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three He works (the) hardest in his class. (2) 最高级后面往往用of，in，among或用从句修饰表示形容词的最高级的比较范围， 如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.在表示“第二、第三”时，可在最高级前加“second, third”(3) 最高级的意义有时可以用其它结构表示出来。1、用原级(常用asas结构)
13、表示“最”的意思。例如：Nobody here speaks English as well as she这儿没有人比她的英语说得更流利。 (即她的英语说得最流利) No other boy in our class is as tall as Bill我班没有其它男孩有Bill那样高。 (即Bill最长)2、用比较级结构表示“最”的意思。例如： Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class 李雷比班里其他任何一名学生都高。(即李雷是班上最高的) Shanghai is bigger than any city in India 上海
14、比中国任何个城市都大。（即上海是最大的)3、用完成时态来表示“最”的意思。例如 :Ive never heard such an interesting news before我以前从没听过这么有趣的事。(4) He has never read such an interesting book 他从未读过个这么有趣的书。表示“最.的.之一”时，用“one of the +形容词最高级”结构，该形容词后面的名词要用复数形式。 (5) 形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最.” 翻译：The Yellow River is the _ _ rivers in China. Key: seco
15、nd longest. 七、常见名词变形容词的方法名词构成方法意义 举例表示天气的名词 -y充满的多的cloud-cloudywind-windy 表示方位的名词 -ern方位的朝的 westwestern east-eastern表示称谓的名词 -ly般的 friendfriendlly mother-motherly表示时间的名词 -ly每的 weekweekly daydaily 表示物质的名词-en制成的 woodwooden gold-golden表示抽象意义的名词 -ful -y -less的的无的 care-careful use-useful luck-lucky hope-h
16、opeless表示大洲与国家的名词 -n 的人的 Asia-Asian America-American专题过关检测题1： 单词填空1.This is one of the _(big) rabbits in the world. He eats 12 carrots, six apples and two cabbages every day.2.Sometimes walking is even _ than driving during the busy traffic time. （fast)3.William Shakespear became a actor and wrote m
17、any great plays. (success)4.Gina won the first prize in the singing competition. so she went home .( happy)5. After a long walk, the little boy got tired and fell _ soon.（sleep）6. These tables are very nice. Which one would you like, madam? Id like that brown one. It uses the _ space. （little）7. To
18、Kevins _ he found so many people playing beach volleyball in very hot weather. (surprised)8. Its not _ to make noise in the movie theater.（politeness）9. We like our math teacher, because he is very _to us.（friend）10. Please read the message _, so that we can hear you. （loud)Keys: biggest， faster， su
19、ccessful， happily， asleep， less, surprise, polite, friendly, aloud检测题2 改写下列句子，保持原意不变：1.He is the tallest student in his class.No one（ ） （ ） （ ）him in his class.考查知识点：本题考察的是形容词的比较级和最高级的转化疑难点：学生可能对形容词比较级最高级掌握不够深，不能灵活运用。形容词的最高级和比较级在一些情况下可以互相转化。解析：句意是他是他们班上最高的学生，转化为“没有人_在他班上”空格部分表示的意思应该是“比他更高”，所以填 is ta
20、ller than答案：is taller than2.This watch is more expensive than any other one in the shop.This watch is ( ) ( ) ( )one in the shop.考查知识点：本题考察的是形容词的比较级和最高级的转化疑难点：学生可能对形容词比较级最高级掌握不够深，不能灵活运用。形容词的最高级和比较级在一些情况下可以互相转化。解析：句意是这块手表比店里的任何一块都贵，转化为“这块手表是店里_的一块”，空格部分表示的意思应该是“最贵的”,所以填the most expensive.答案：the most
21、expensive3.The question is easy.This is （ ） （ ）question.考查知识点：本题考查的是形容词的用法。疑难点：形容词的用法理论性的东西，学生可能不会花心思去记。解析：这里是形容词作表语改为形容词作定语。空格部分表示的是简单的，用an easy.答案：an easy4.She is 6 years old and she can go to school now.She is ( )( )to go to school.考查知识点：本题考查的是adj.+ enough to do的句型。疑难点：形容词与enough连用时，学生可能搞不清他们的顺序。
22、解析：本题的意思是她6岁了可以去上学了，转换为另外一种说法是她足够大可以去上学了。考查的是adj.+ enough to do的句型。用 old enough。答案：old enough5.My brother is 16 years old, he can not join the army.My brother ( ) ( )( )( ) join the army.考查知识点：本题考查的形容词相关句型的转换。疑难点：学生对知识的掌握不够全面，可能一下子想不到用另外的句型来表达意思。解析：本题的意思是我的弟弟16岁，他还不能参军。可以用tooto的句型来表示,表达成“太小而不能参军” .填
23、is too young to.答案：is too young to 6.Mr.Green has a daughter. She is only eight months old.Mr. Green has( )( )daughter.考查知识点：本题考查的是形容词的变换疑难点：在把形容词短语改为一个形容词时，学生可能仍然会保留“s”解析：本题考查的是形容词的转换，eight months old 可以转换为“eight-month-old”答案：a eight-month-old检测题3、词语填空A用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯 (每个单词限用一次)。forget,
24、 bring，mend，beside，luck，pick，same，differently, I ，every , stop，each Mr. Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 _ him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 _ there.One day Mr. Brown went to London by train. He 3 _ to take an umbrella with
25、 him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 _ the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr. Brown 5 _ up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 _ by the man. He said angrily, Thats 7_ ! Mr. Brown s face turned
26、 red and he gave it back to the man at once.When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 _ of them, he said, Youve mended them very well.In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 _ man was in the same seat. He looked at Mr Brown
27、and his six umbrellas, Youve had a 10 _ day, he said.Keys: 1.brought2.mended3.forgot4.beside5.picked 6.stopped7.mine 8.each 9.same 10.luckyB well , soft, second ,better , may , strongly, afraid, sand , stay up, if, now, houseWe cant stop an earthquake(地震), but we can do things to make sure they dont
28、 destroy(毁坏) whole cities. First, it is not a 1 ._ idea to build houses along lines where 2. _ of the earths plates(板块) join together. Second, if you think there 3. _ be an earthquake, it is better to build houses on rocks , not on 4. _. Third, you must make the houses as 5. _ as possible. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may 6. _Scientists are 7. _ that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the part around San Francisco(旧金山) . They call it The Big One . However, people today are still building more 8.
