1、初中现在完成时讲解和练习 现在完成时 定义： 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态 现在完成时的结构 have/has+ done () 如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。 现在完成时的时间状语 ever, never, twice（once）, so far（到目前为止）, , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）, recently（近来） 等词连用 2.Since+时间点，fo
2、r+时间段 ，in the past/last few years 说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如： I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I cant
3、 find my watch now. I think I have already lost it. 注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与when连用 现在完成时的用法 1 / 12 A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如： The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口） Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着） B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在
4、的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in since 2002. 自从_年Mr. Black 一直住在xx。 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？ 用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为“for时间段”或“since时间
5、点”。如： He has been in the Green China for three years. He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“绿色xx”已经三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.- I
6、 have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间(for 2 years), since+从句(since he came here), since+时间点名词( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 2 / 12 1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是y
7、esterday 。） I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/. in 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .then(那时), that day, one day, once(从前) 现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , alre
8、ady（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has) been to.表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(h
9、as) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等 He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了xx He has been to . 他(曾经)到/去过xx.(但他人现在肯定不是在xx而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去xx了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里) Mr. Brown has been in for three days. xx先生来xx已经有三天了 3 / 12 六过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构
10、成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-d
11、ropped 2 、： AAA型 burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cuthit hit hitput put put shut shut shut spread spread spreadset set set read read read read原形发音为/ri:d/,过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ AAB型beat beat beaten 特殊情况 ABB型 bring brought brought buy bought bought build bui
12、lt built 4 / 12 burn burnt burntcatch caught caught dig dug dug feel felt feltfight fought fought find found found hear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept kept lay laid laidlead led ledlose lost lost make made made meet met metsell sold sold shoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stood sweep swept sw
13、ept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won won ABC型 begin began begun blow blew blownbreak broke broken choose chose chosen draw drew drawndrive drove driven drink drank drunkfly flew flownforgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave given
14、grow grew grownknow knew known ride rode ridden rise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shaken sing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swum throw threw thrown write wrote written buy-haveborrow -keepgo out-be out begin-be on open-be openclose -be closeddie-be dead 1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用ha
15、s bought) this bike for almost four years. 5 / 12 2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用wear代替put on b)用“be形容词”代 1、bemarried代marry 2
16、、beill代fall (get) ill 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be副词”代终止性动词 1“beon”代start, begin2“beup”代get up d)用“be介词短语”代终止性动词 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to 常用瞬间动词变表： 6 / 12 have be
17、en in sw./at相应的介词 6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead； 8. have left sw. have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 11. have married have been married； 12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ； 13. have begun have been on 14. have borrow
18、ed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known 19. have/has gone to have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/ have been the
19、Partys member/现在完成时练习（一） 一、用过去时或现在完成时填空： 1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.” “When _ you _ (have) it?” “I _ (have) it at 12:00.” 2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?” “Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.” 3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.” 4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “Yes, j
20、ust once.” 7 / 12 5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work. 6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now. 7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words. 8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet. 9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum. 10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke? 11.Have you _ (buy) a dict
21、ionary? “ “Yes, I _ .” “Where_ you _(buy) it?” “ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.” “When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.” 单项选择。 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing.was writing.wrote.has written Have you met Mr. Li _？ . Just. ago.before.a moment ago How long have you _ her
22、e ?About two months . Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed; well changed ; goodhas changed better . changed; better _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished.Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished. will; do; finish 8 / 12 We _
23、 Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know. had known. have known. knew Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. . will see. have seen . saw.see These farmers have been to the .Really? When _ there ? . will they go .did they go . do they go. have they gone Zhou Lang _already _in this school f
24、or two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying His father _ the Party since 1998 . .joined . has joined . was in. has been in Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . He has _ been to , has he ? . already .never.ever. still Hurry up! The play _ fo
25、r ten minutes . . has begun . had begun. has been on. began It _ ten years since he left the army . . Is. has. will. was Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library. .has gone. went.will go. has been My parents _ for ten years. . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been 9 / 12 T
26、he students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so theyB. dont they C. have theyD. havent they has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since heto ? C. How long, cameD. How far, arrived His unclefor more than 9 years. C. has lived thereD. has left the university 0、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes .
27、 I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finishedB.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish 1、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joinedB. has joinedC. was inD. has been in 2、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . 23When he arrived at the bus
28、stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has leftB. had left C. has been awayD. had been away 24. I _ the League for 5 years so far.A. joinedB. have joined C. have been in 24.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 25.Mary and Rose _friends since the
29、y met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made 10 / 12 26.The meeting _ for a week now.A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 30. How long _ he _ ?A. diedB. has, diedC. has, been dead 31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon . A. sleptB. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 32.He _ the car for a week.A. boughtB. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 35.Ill lend you the book
