1、初三英语总复习资料3初三英语总复习资料3默认分类 2008-04-24 12:03:30 阅读357 评论0 字号：大中小订阅 八种动词时态，有的只要求达到理解层次，有的则要求达到熟练运用层次。至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到熟练运用层次的，而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现，而是时态的综合运用，尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别。. 确定正确的时态1.根据时间状语确定时态.时间状语与时态有着密切的关系.a. I _ (write) now. b. I _(lose) my pen yesterday.c. We _ (study) English for two years.
2、2.根据上下文来确定时态 有些句子没有明显的时间状语,又不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定正确时态. A.Where are the twins? B.They _ (go) to visit Uncle Wang. 3.根据主从句的关系来确定时态. 4.根据语言习惯来确定时态 *e,go,leave 等趋向性动词的进行时可用来表示即将发生的动作.*2.永恒的真理和客观存在的状态用一般现在时.*3.祈使句中,或在情态动词,助动词后,谓语动词用原形Dont _ (read)in the sun , will you? Youd better _ (stay)a
3、t home since its raining outside. 注意所填动词的语态 Today both basketball and volleyball _(play) in many countries. 确定动词的形式 1. be busy,what about等后用动词的-ing 形式. 2.在介词后一般应用动词的-ing 形式. 3.在 keep,enjoy,finish,mind 等动词后采用动词的-ing 形式. 4.在动词 decide,hope,wish,hate 等动词后应用动词不定式作宾语,而在ask, tell,want,teach 之后则用动词不定式的复合结构,
4、即 “ask sb. to do sth.”的形式 5.在see,hear,watch,make,let等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词不定式符号“ to”, 但在被动句中, 应添上to. 6.在 Its time(for sb.)to do sth. Its kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth.It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 动词不定式短语作句子真正的主语. 7.疑问代词/副词 (why 除外) + to do sth. 结构,可在句中作主语, 表语和宾语. 练习题： 1.The Great Green Wa
5、ll will stop the wind from _(blow) the earth away. 2.Mr Smith kept on _ (ask) the players to remember-TEAMWORK 3.Alice didnt hear what the teacher said just now,so she doesnt know how _ (do) the problem. 4.The policeman asked the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him _ (carry) it for her.
6、 5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的适当形式填空:(1).WangHai is a good comrade.He always does his best _others.(2).Dig the hole big enough,or the trees cant _well .(3).Its time for class.Lets stop _to the teacher.(4).Her face turned red when she _ to sing a song for all of us.(5).She
7、is older than Mary but _much younger.(6).-I cant find my keys.-Maybe you _ them at home.(7).We waited in the next room while they _a meeting.(8).Hurry up.You _the train if you dont. 思考题： 用 send,show,turn,cost,write,fly,get,stop,see,do,hear,go 的适当形式填空 1._ you _ each other since you left school ten ye
8、ars ago? 2.What _they _at 8:00 yesterday evening. 3.The Smiths are getting ready _to Australia for their holdiay. 4.The beautiful jacket_too much , doesnt it? 5.Lucy and Lily were playing cards when they _ a loud knock at the door. 6.The radio says the rain _later on. 7.The boy _to hospital as soon
9、as the traffic accident happened. 8.Today films_in English everywhere in the world. 9.Its summer now.The days_longer and the nights shorter. 10.Mother _ to Shanghai and shell be back in a week or so. 动词的时态（上）A:一般现在时棗通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 结构 ：1）be动词的第一人称单数为，第三人称单数为，其他人称为。 有一顺口溜体现了它的用法： 我是am你是are ，is
10、跟着他她它, 复数都用are 肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他 否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语 + am/ is /are(否) No,主语 + am /is/are not缩写形式: Im = I am Thats =That isWere =We are Whats= What is Youre = You are Whos = Who isTheyre =They are Wheres =Where is Hes =He is isnt=is notShes =She i
11、s arent=are not Its = It is 2）行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词 词尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数 ， 否定式:主语+助动词 dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他 疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: dont = do not doesnt =does not注意：have的第三人称单数为has 用法： 1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually,
12、 always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作 . eg. Here comes the train. 4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时 . eg.Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow. B:一般过去时棗表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常
13、由动词的过去式表示。 结构： 1.动词的第一、三有称单数用,其他人称用,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。 2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。 肯定式:主语+动词的过去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主语 + did not + 动词原形 + 其他 eg.John didnt live here last year. 疑问式:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 eg.Did you see him a moment ago?
14、简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语 +did (否)No , 主语 + didnt. 用法 ：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态. eg.My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用. eg.He always went to work by bus last summer. 3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用. eg.When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常与表示过去的时间状语, 如 ago, yesterday, las
15、t week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用. eg.They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was. C:一般将来时棗表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态 结构： 助动词shall/will + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will 肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Sh
16、all/Will+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will .(否)No,主语+shall/will+not 缩写形式: ll =shall/willshant= shall not wont = will not 用法: 1.表示将要发生的动 作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe Chinas population _ (pass) 1,30
17、0,000,000 by the year 2005. 2.表示某种必然的趋势 eg. Fish will die without water. 解析： 1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用 shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等. eg. I will give you an English-Chinese dictionary for you
18、r birthday. 3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时. (1).表示主观意愿.打算等. eg. Hes going to learn English next term. (2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况 eg. Look at the black clouds! -It is going to rain. D:现在进行时棗表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。 结构： am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式 用法
19、： 1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与 look, listen连用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作. eg. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arri
20、ve, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. eg. Lucy prefers art to science. 练习题： 1.Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center _ . a.once a week b. in a week c. next week d. for a week 2.Be quiet
21、! The baby _ (sleep) in the next room. 3.Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he _ (meet) her in her office tomorrow. 4.The bell for the class rang while they _ (play) on the playground. 5.Lucy said it _ (rain) later on. 思考题: 1.The Chinese people _(work) hard to make their country
22、 stronger and more beautiful. 2.Hell write to you as soon as he _ (arrive ) in Hainan. 3.The students of Class One _(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternnon. 4.The sky is black. It _ (rain), Im afraid. 5.If it _(not snow)tomorrow,well go skating 6.Mr and Mrs Green_(travel)to the south
23、of China next week,arent they? 7.I_(not see)the film with you because Ive seen it already. 8.He told us that he_(stay)here till the next week. 9.I_(lose)my pen this morning. I havent found it yet. 动词的时态（下）G:现在完成时棗表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。 结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些
24、时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了) 2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词. 解析： 1.英语动词根据词
25、义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.( ).I left Shanghai thr
26、ee days ago. ( ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( ) 2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句
27、型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词 常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open die-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold join the army-be in
28、 the army be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party be a Party member My brother has been in the army for two years. My brother has been a soldier for two years. 3.现在完成时中been to,gone to和been in/at been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用. eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人
29、在这里) gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地, eg. She has gone to Shanghai。 (表示现在她人不在这里) been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用. eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连用一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系. 5.现在完成时中的 for 与 sincefor + 时间段 与延续性动词的现在完成时连用 since +
