1、高中英语特殊句式全面讲解及练习含答案高中英语语法讲义第二讲 特殊句式倒装句 通常句式为自然语序“主语+谓语”，有时为了强调句子的某一部分，或者出于词汇用法、语法结构或修辞上的需要，将这种比较固定的语序加以颠倒，就形成了倒装。分为完全倒装，部分倒装和形式倒装。一.完全倒装：谓语动词完全置于主语之前，主语为名词不为代词，谓语不用进行时。1.一些表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词短语。如：here, there, now, then, up, down ,in, out,away, off, in the room, on the wall等置于句首。 Down came the rain and
2、up went the umbrella. Then followed three days of heavy rain. Out rushed the children laughing loudly. Away flew the plane.2.such 位于句首。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.注：此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后真正的主语保持一致。 Such are the facts; no one can deny th
3、em.二部分倒装：只把谓语的一部分（助动词，情态动词或be动词）置于主语之前1.so+ be 动词/ 助动词/ 情态动词+主语，意为“.也是如此”。 They love making lots of friends; so do I.2.neither/nor+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，意为“.也不这样”。 Lily cant ride a bicycle; neither/nor can Lucy.3.否定词never, seldom, nor, not, little, hardly, scarcely等或表示否定意义的介词短语at no time,under/in no cir
4、cumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等置于句首时。 Not a single mistake did he make. =He didnt make a single mistake.4.only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。 Only then did I begin to understand him. Only in this way can we solve the problem. Only after the war did he learn the sad news.5.so.that.和suc
5、h.that.句式中，so或such及其所修饰的部分置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understoodSuch progress did he make that he won much respect.3形式倒装：在语法上称为前置。只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。 1.感叹句 What an interesting talk they had! =How interesting a talk they had! 2.the+比较级.,the +比较级.句型 T
6、he more you listen to English, the easier it becomes. 3.whatever+ n.或however+ adj./adv.引导的让步状语从句 Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.4,as / though引导让步状从，表语、状语、含情态动词的谓语提前，表语为单数名词提前不用冠词。 Young as /though h
7、e was, he was successful. Child as /though he is, he knows much.题组训练1. Only when you can find peace in your heart you keep good relationships with others.2. At no time they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.3. Only after Mary read her composition the second time she
8、notice the spelling mistake.4. -Its so good. Never before I had such a nice meal! -I am glad you like it.答案：1. will 2. did 3. did 4. have强调句1.强调句型的陈述句形式：It is /was +被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。被强调部分为“人”时可用who/that,被强调部分是“事物”时用that.It is I who/that am right（强调主语）It was him that/who we met at the school gate.
9、（强调宾语） It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.（强调状语） 2.强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他成分Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?3.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他成分。Who was it that broke the window?When was it that you called
10、me yesterday?What is it that you want me to do?4.有时可用It might be.that/who.,It must have been .that/who.句型表示强调。It might be his father that/who youre thinking of.It must have been his brother that/who you saw.5.not.until.结构的强调句型。 其强调句式为：It is /was not until +被强调部分+that+主句的肯定式He didnt go to bed until t
11、en oclock. It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed.I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.二 对谓语动词的强调 It is /was .who/that.结构不能强调谓语动词。强调谓语动词，用助动词do, does或did加原形。D
12、o come this evening.He did write to you last week.Tom does study hard now.三 特殊疑问句中以“the devil” “on earth” “in the world”表“究竟；到底”之意来起强调的作用。 What on earth are you doing.？题组训练1. Was because Jack came late for school Mr. Smith got angry?2. It only after he had read the papers Mr. Gross realized the task
13、 before him was extremely difficult to complete.3. It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.4. It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.其他特殊句式一 省略与代替（1）定语从句中的省略现象 限制性定语从句
14、中宾语的关系代词 that ,which, whom常可以省略。如She is the girl (whom/who/that) I would like to work with.（2）状语从句中的省略现象 1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，这时从句中可以出现下列结构： （1）连词（though, if, when等）+形容词 Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.（2）连词（as if, while等）+介词短语 He looked everywhere as if (he was) in s
15、earch of something.（3）连词（when, while, though）+现在分词 While （I was）walking along the street, I heard my name called.（4）连词（when, if, unless, once, than等）+过去分词The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.（5）连词（as if, as though等）+不定式 He opened his mouth as if (he were) to say something.注：当主从句
16、的宾语一致时，有时也可以这样省略。如：Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.2.当从句中的主语是 it，谓语部分又含有be动词时，也可把it和be动词一起省略，构成“连词（if ,unless, when, whenever等）+形容词”的结构。 Make a careful plan if (it is) possible. Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.（3）不定式的省略，单独使用不定式符号
17、to 1.代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在 be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,reuse,seem,try,want,wish等后面。 I asked him to see a film, but he didnt want to. 2.在 have, need, ought, be going, used 等后面 I didnt want to go there, but I had to. 3.在某些形容词，如glad, happy, pleased, delighted 后面。 -Will you jo
18、in in the game? -Id be glad to.4. 否定形式的省略用not to. -Shall I go instead of him? -I prefer you not to.（4）用so或not代替前面提到的句子。 1.在if条件句中，常用so/that代替前面提到的句子。Get up early tomorrow. If not(=If you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.He may not be at home then. If so (=If he is not at home),leave hi
19、m a note. 2.think,hope,suppose,believe,imagine,be afraid, expect, guess等词后常用not代替否定句，so代替短语或从句。-She must look like a pretty girl.-Yes, I imagine so.-Is Professor Smith very sick?-Im afraid so.-I slipped on the stairs. I think my arm is broken.-Oh! I hope not.He wanted to go with us, but he didnt say
20、 so.题组训练:将下列句子中的省略成分补全1. He was determined to carry out the plan, whatever the cost. 2. When split, an atom can release energy. 3. They were scolded whenever late for school. 4. If not well organized, the meeting will be a failure. 二 祈使句1.否定式和强调式 Dont be so sure.(否定式） Do be careful.(强调式）2.祈使句+and+陈述
21、句=If.,+主句 祈使句+or+陈述句=If.not.,+主句 Working hard and you will succeed.=If you work hard, you will succeed. Hurry up or we will be late.= If you dont hurry up, we will be late. 题组训练：句型转换1. Work hard and you will be admitted to a key university. you work hard, you admitted to a key university.2. If you d
22、ont hurry up, you will be late for the bus. you will be late for the bus.三 感叹句1. What (+a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！2. How +形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！3. How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语What a clever boy he is! = How clever a boy he is!What beautiful flowers they are!How high the mountain is!How fast he runs!题组训练：用what ,how 填空
23、1. an interesting book it is !2. interesting a book it is !3. interesting books they are!4. delicious food I had!5. kind of you to help!6. I wish I were a bird! 四 there be 句型1.there be 句型在英语中表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。be后面是主语，句子结尾是地点（时间）状语. There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. There will be a me
24、eting in the conference room at 8 oclock tomorrow morning.2. 如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be 与主语采用就近原则。 There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk.3. there be 结构有不同的时态形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 There was a meeting in our school yesterday. There will be a new film show on Sunday. There have been many gr
25、eat changes in our country since then. There cant be any mistakes in his passage.4， there be 结构中的谓语动词be 有时可用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。 There is likely to be something wrong with his computer. Once upon a time there lived a
26、monk in the temple.五 反意疑问句（1）陈述部分含有must/ may (might) 的反意疑问句当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问句部分用neednt;当含有mustnt （不允许，禁止）时，其反意疑问句部分用must/may.You must go now, neednt you?You mustnt smoke here, must/may you?当must/may(might)表示推测，即must作“一定，准是”讲，may/might 作“可能”讲时，可首先将句子改为“I am sure/guess +that从句”,反意疑问句部分的动词形式根据be sure/
27、guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。must have done有过去时间状语当过去时反问，否则当现在完成时反问。You must/may (might) be hungry now, ? I am sure/guess that you are hungry now, arent you? You must/may (might) be hungry now, arent you? You must have heard about it, ? I am sure/guess that you have heard about it, havent you? You must have
28、 heard about it, havent you?（2）陈述部分含有used to 的反意疑问句 其反意疑问句部分用usednt 或 didnt 均可You used to sleep with the window open, usednt /didnt you? （三）陈述部分含有ought to 的反意疑问句 其反意疑问部分用oughtnt 或shouldnt 均可He ought to attend the lecture, oughtnt /shouldnt he?（四）陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句 当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly ,scarcely,
29、never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。 He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?（5）如果陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定形式。 Tom dislike playing tennis, doesnt he? Its unfair, isnt it?（6）陈述部分带有宾语从句的反意疑问句 1. 宾语从句的反意疑问句，一般变主句 He said that he would come to my birthday party,
30、didnt he? Tom doesnt believe Jane will succeed, does he? 2.但由I/ we think, believe, suppose, guess, expect, imagine,引导宾从时，反意疑问句需变从句。注意否定前移。 I dont believe he will succeed, will he? （7）陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句后的反意疑问句部分不表示反意，而表示一种语气1.否定祈使句，+will you?2.肯定祈使句，+will/wont you?3.Lets .,+shall we?4.Let us.,+will y
31、ou?5.Let+第三人称.+will you?Open the door, will /wont you?Lets go out for a walk, shall we?Let us go home now, will you?（8）there be 句型的反意疑问句其反意疑问句部分用be/情态动词/助动词+thereThere will be rain tomorrow, wont there?There should be no problem, should there? （九）回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则1.不管陈述部分为否定，还是反意疑问句部分为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。2. 答案就两个，要么肯定，要么否定，不会出现类似 Yes,
