1、版新高考英语一轮复习Unit1Lifestyles练习北师大版含参考答案新高考英语一轮复习：Unit 1 Lifestyles课时练12篇阅读1篇七选五1篇完形.阅读理解A(2020泉州高三调研)Rich as a KingWilliam， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水马桶),
2、paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草机). How did he get_by?History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldnt buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.Given h
3、ow much better off I am than so many famous dead people, youd think Id be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, and famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howards new kitchen is not reduced by the f
4、act that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. Youd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.Of cours
5、e, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by todays standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms that my wife and I can keep clean.Besides, to people looking back at our era from a
6、century or two in the future, these bankers fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I cant keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.【解题导语】本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。1What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?ASucceed as a king.
7、BDeal with complaints.CLive in a satisfactory way.DGet some extra money.C解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, youd think Id be content.”，并结合对第一段第二句的理解：没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。2How many historical figures are mentio
8、ned to compare lives in the past and present?A3. B4.C5. D6.B解析：细节理解题。根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了四个历史人物，他们分别是：William ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。3According to the passage, the author intends to _Atell us to be content with lifeBwarn us to live in a simple wayCteach us to learn less
9、ons from lifeDencourage us to struggle for wealthA解析：写作意图题。根据文章的标题Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。4Whats the authors attitude towards life?ADoubtful. BOptimistic.CUncaring. DCautious.B解析：观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I cant keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.”可推知，作者对生活持
10、乐观的态度。B(2020佛山高三质检)As evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis(假设) suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecol
11、ogy(生态)Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find bu
12、t nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether the
13、y evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios(可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the br
14、ain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see todayif there were no social challe
15、nges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isnt necessarily better.But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning
16、 hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brain.Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certain
17、ty at present.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学研究发现，人类大脑的大小是由生态环境和文化知识积累的共同作用决定的；大脑并非越大越好，如果大脑过大，则人类将无法适应社交活动。5In most peoples view, what makes human evolve large brains?ASocial challenges.BSocial and ecological challenges.CEcological challenges.DCompetition with other large animals.A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dominant
18、hypothesis(假设)suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force.”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社交活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。6Whats the problem of the common approach?AIts model is not reliable enough.BIt doesnt tell the cause and effect clearly.CIts hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.DIt doesnt find
19、brain size is connected with problems.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannot tell whether large brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。7Why dont many animals have l
20、arge brains?AThey dont learn from each other.BThey dont face hard ecological problems.CThey dont need to cooperate with each other.DThey dont keep learning tough skills as they grow.D解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why dont they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized br
21、ains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow.”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会影响人类特定大小的大脑。据此可推知，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。8Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?AAnimals dont have large brains.BSocial challenges decrease brain size.CEcological
22、challenges increase brain size.DIts unclear whether human brains will expand further.B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size.”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。.七选五
23、(2020兰州高三诊断)Have you ever wondered what the real meaning of the saying “A friend in need is a friend indeed” is? 1._. True friendship is the one, in which the individuals do not have to maintain good manners with each other. Sharing true friendship is the situation, when the person you are talking a
24、bout is regarded as one among your family members, when the relation you share with him or her reaches a stage that even if you dont correspond for some time, your friendship remains unchanged.The trust between best friends is such that if one friend falls in trouble, the other will not think twice
25、to help. If the bond between two friends is strong, true friends can tolerate even long distances. 2._. It would not affect their friendship.3_. They would face it together and support each other, even if it is against the interests of the other person. Best friends dont analyze each other and they
26、dont have to do so. They accept each other with their positive and negative qualities. 4._. They know each others strengths as well as weaknesses. One would not overpower the other. They would respect each others individuality. In fact, they would understand the similarities and respect the differen
27、ces.True friendship is marked by selflessness. Best friends support each other, even if the whole world opposes them. 5._. If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.ATrue friendship never fades awayBNothing is hidden between true friendsCIt is not easy getting true friends for the li
28、fetimeDFor them, geographical separation is just a part of lifeETrue friends dont desert each other when one is facing troubleFRemember, all the best friends are friends, but not all friends can be the best friendsGPeople talk about the true value of friendship actually without knowing what it stand
29、s for【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。在生活中，真正的友谊不会拘泥于各种礼仪，朋友彼此间都以诚相待，会毫不犹豫地帮助对方。1G解析：空前一句是说，你曾经想知道“患难见真情”的真正含义吗？后一句解释了什么是真正的友谊；由此可推知，空处应是说很多人并不了解真正的友谊的含义。故选G。2D解析：根据前一句中的“long distances”可知，此处叙述的是距离对双方的影响，这与D项中的“geographical separation”相呼应。故选D。3E解析：根据后一句中的“face it together and support each other”可知，此处讲述的是真正的朋友会共同面对困难并
30、互相支持，这与E项中的“dont desert each other”相呼应。故选E。4B解析：根据后一句“They know each others strengths as well as weaknesses.”可知，真正的朋友知道对方的优点和缺点，双方坦诚相见，故B项符合语境。5C解析：根据空后一句“If you have even one true friend, consider yourself lucky.”可知，即使你只有一位真正的朋友，那你也应该感到幸运；由此可推知，C项“获得一生的真正的朋友并不容易”符合语境。.完形填空(2020合肥第一次质检)Greenberg was
31、 a lucky guy to enter Columbia University on a full scholarship. But just before junior year, Greenbergs _1_ changed. One day his vision “_2_ up” and later he was diagnosed(诊断) with glaucoma(青光眼). Then doctors operated on Greenbergs eyes. _3_， the surgery didnt work. Greenberg was going blind. He wa
32、s so _4_ that he refused to see anyone.As Greenbergs best friend, Arthur persuaded Greenberg to go back to Columbia University and _5_ to be his “reader”. Arthur read _6_ to him every day, taking time out from his own study, and Greenberg _7_ scoring straight As. Still, he was _8_ about getting alone and relied on hi
