1、完形做题方法中考英语复习第22讲_完形做题方法知识图谱-原词重现-逻辑推理-固定搭配近距离重现远距离重现反义推理题进一步推理题情感推理题态度推理题动词短语搭配介词短语搭配第22讲_完形做题方法错题回顾原词重现知识精讲原词重现是指填空处的正确选项在上下文相关语境中曾经出现过。此种题型通常有两种：第一种是近距离重复，即：在填空处的同一句话内或前后句中重现，这类题型难度最低，最易得分；第二种是远距离重复，即：通常是指填空处与所需词不在同一段出现，此类题难度稍高。掌握了这样的原则，同学们要习惯先易后难的解题策略。对于某些难题，如果放到整篇文章范围内考虑，难度就可能降低。三点剖析易错点：对于原词重现的考
2、查本身不难，但同学们容易犯主观臆断的错误，即未反复读文本，便草率地在选项中选出了自己认为合理的选项。所以，对于此类题目，建议同学们一定要联系上下文，寻找真正符合文章的正确答案。题模精讲题模一 近距离重现例1.1、All his life George loved _. When he was only seven years old, he already knew so much about plants that people in his hometown called him “the plant doctor”.A、animalsB、plantsC、buildingsD、photos
3、例1.2、The Japanese Macaca monkey has been studied in the wild for over 50 years. In 1952, on one small Japanese island, scientists dropped some _ made dirt for the monkeys. The monkeys liked their taste, but they found the dirt terrible. One clever 18-month-old monkey found he could solve the problem
4、 by washing the sweet potatoes in a nearby river.A、sweet potatoesB、green plantsC、hard stonesD、fresh nuts题模二 远距离重现例2.1、Three days later. Carmen got new glasses and instructions from her doctor. All of the kids will think Im silly.” Carmen said. Her mother smiled and shook her head. You look just as b
5、eautiful as before, she said. But Carmen didnt believe her.The next day, Carmen kept the _ in her pocket as she walked into the schoolyard. She stood alone away from her friends, feeling unhappy.A、ringB、keysC、bookD、glasses例2.2、“Thanks. Dont worry, Im quite all right now,” he said, smiling at me with
6、 a pair of bright eyes.“May I walk with you?” I asked and so began my friendship with Mr. Burns, a man whose _ and warmth very soon came to mean a great deal to me.A、smileB、luckC、welcomeD、hope随堂练习随练1.1、Friends or Exams?Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first andshe hated physics, it was her w
7、orst1. Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. But for two weeks, Lily didnt answer any of her calls or messages. Tina was disappointed and angry.While taking the exam, Tina found it difficult to answer question number five. She looked up and was surprised to see Lily ho
8、lding her2under the table and reading from it. Lily would get a good grade by cheating. It wasnt fair! Tina felt really angry at Lily and even thought about telling the teacher. But what would everyone else think of her? Just then# Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no，Tina hadnt3it and
9、 she was going to fail again!At lunch time，Tina wanted to talk to Lily but couldnt find her. Tina thought about4the teacher，but everyone would hate her if she did that. “ It wasnt fair! ” she thought. Just then, Mr. Reed walked past her table. “ Mr. Reed. . . ” Tina5him.That afternoon，Tina was sitti
10、ng behind Lily in the history exam. Lily didnt take her phone out.Maybe she didnt need to cheat at history.Tina felt a little6that she had told Mr. Reed.But it was too late now. Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table. Without thinking，Tina looked up and nod
11、ded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked7up to her table. Mr. Reed picked up Lilys exam paper，pointed to the door and told her to go outside. Everyone was staring at Lily and Tina felt really sorry now.When Tina was leaving school，Lily stopped her. “Tina, I
12、m really sorry I didnt answer your calls，but my family is having a8time. My dad had a heart attack and hes in hospital. He had a big operation today and I was very worried. I knew it was stupid，but I was reading9from my mom to see how it was going. Mr. Reed caught me. He thought I was cheating. But
13、he10and understands me now. Im sorry I didnt tell you what was happening. I know youre a good friend. Will you forgive me?”随练1.2、Exciting News“I have some exciting news, class,” said Mrs. Pike.It was almost lunchtime, and Jenny Archer was1. She drew a piece of apple pie in her notebook.Sometimes Mrs
14、. Pikes exciting news wasnt very exciting. Once, Mrs. Pike had said it would be exciting to watch a filmstrip called Tommy Tooth and the Whole Truth About Teeth. But it wasnt.Jenny drew a scoop of ice cream on the apple pie.“Were going to have a2,” said Mrs. Pike.Jenny put down her pencil. She pushe
15、d her glasses back on her nose.“The whole school will take part,” Mrs. Pike went on. “Were going to3empty tin cans to sell to a scrap-metal dealer (废品商). Well use the money to buy a video camcorder（摄录相机）and a TV monitor for the school.”“What kind of competition is that?” asked Clifford Stern. “Just
16、collecting cans?”“The4that collects the most cans,” said Mrs. Pike, “will use the camera first. We will make our own class movie. You could all be stars!”Me, a movie star! Jenny thought. Now, that was5. She pictured herself accepting an Academy Award. She would say, “I tall started when I was in a l
17、ittle school . . .”“The person in the class who brings in the most cans will direct the first movie,” Mrs. Pike finished.Wow!6a movie might be even better than starring in one. The director could make up the whole story. She would choose the actors and tell everybody what to do. Jenny loved to make
18、up stories. And she was good at telling people what to do.She was sure shed be a great7.The whole class was buzzing (嘁嘁喳喳) now. Jenny forgot she was hungry. She looked over at her friend Beth. Beths eyes were bright. She thought this was a great idea, too.“You can be the star of my movie,” Jenny whi
19、spered to her.“What do you mean your movie?” Beth asked.“When I8the competition,” Jenny said.“What if I win the competition?” Beth said.“But I have to win,” answered Jenny. “Ive always wanted to make a movie.”“Since when?” Beth asked.“Well, I just9it now,” Jenny admitted (承认). “But dont you think Id
20、 make a good director?”“I think I might make a good director,” Beth said. “Why should you be the director?”Beth was one of Jennys two best friends. Jenny didnt want to fight with her. But she10wanted to win this competition. She just had to direct the class movie.“Lets not fight,” Jenny said. “Wed b
21、oth be good directors.”“Youre right.” Beth grinned (笑嘻嘻). “We wont fight. Lets just say, may the best can collector win.”Jenny shook Beths hand. “May the best can collector win,” she repeated.As long as its me, she told herself.随练1.3、Once upon a time there was a little boy who became very ill. He ha
22、d to spend all day in bed, unable to1.Because other children werent allowed to come near him, he2greatly, and spent his days feeling sad and3.There wasnt much he could do4look out of the window. Time passed, and his feeling of5just grew. Until one day he saw a strange6in the window. It was a penguin
23、7a sausage sandwich. The penguin squeezed in8the open window, said “good afternoon” to the boy,9around, and left.Of course, the boy was very10.He was still trying to11what had happened, and as more crazylooking characters appeared out the window, he burst out12and found it hard to stop.The little bo
24、y didnt tell anyone about this because who would have13him? Even so, those strange characters ended up putting14back in his heart, and in his body. Before long, his15had improved so much that he was able to go back to school again.There he got to talk to his 16， and tell them all the17things he had
25、seen. While he was talking to his best friend he saw something18out of his friends school bag. The boy asked his friend what it was, and he was so19that finally his friend had to show him what was in the bag：There, inside, were all the fancydress suits and disguises(假扮的东西) that his friends had been
26、using to try to20the little boy up!And from that day on, the little boy always did his best to make sure that no one felt sad and alone.逻辑推理知识精讲一、逻辑推理题的分类逻辑推理题可分为：反义推理、进一步推理、情感推理和态度推理四类。其中，前两类主要是从做题技巧上进行的分类，而后两类主要是从考查内容上进行分类。总结发现，中考完形填空的考点经常是考查代表人物态度、观点和事件发展走向的。通常情况下，同学们此部分题目的失分率相当高，要引起注意。二、反义推理此类题型
27、通常是指填空部分在语言表述上采用“否定之否定”的方式，进一步说明前文或后文已表达的语义。例如上文表述“我欣赏自己天才的一面”，下文说“我厌恶自己_的一面”。填空部分可以通过“欣赏”和“厌恶”两词反义，推知欣赏“天才”，而厌恶“平庸”。正确答案“平庸”与原文“天才”相对应。这类题目通常以一对反义词为线索，寻找另一对反义词，从而推知正确的答案。通常，可以通过某条件不成立或有变化，从而推知结果相反或不同；可根据结果不同，从而推知原因不同；也可根据选择A，从而推知不能选择与A相反或相对的事物等等。总之，这类题型解题关键就是找出反义的对应词。三、进一步推理进一步推理主要指根据上下文所提供的故事线索和已经
28、发生的故事脉络，按照因果关系或常识等推断故事走向的题目。如上文说“奶奶给我几美元”，后文说“奶奶对我说，拿着_去给需要的人买东西。”可推知，空格处是拿着钱去买东西。此类题目数量最多，难度不一，相对比较复杂。有时是依据常识进行推理，大部分还是要根据上下文流露出的字里行间的语义进行合理推断。四、情感推理此类题目主要是指通过上下文线索，推断文章中人物的情感状况和情绪变化的一类题目。情感通常是指喜、怒、哀、乐等各种情绪。情感推理题是从完形填空考查内容的角度进行分类。情感推理题的难点在于对各类不同情感的辨析，了解相近情感的差异。这类题目出现的频率相当高，并且同学们的失分率也相对较高。五、态度推理此类题目
29、主要是指通过上下文线索，合理地推断文章中人物的态度及其变化。态度推理题通常是指同意与否、喜欢与否、肯定与否、判断和评价类等观点性题目。从词性角度分析，态度推理题主要考查动词和形容词。三点剖析考点：逻辑推理是中考完形填空考查的重中之重。因为中考考查的重点集中在语言知识和语言能力的理解运用上。完形填空正是检验学生们对于文章故事情节理解、判断、推测的能力。在中考完形填空中，逻辑推理题大概占到60%80%的比例，在北京等一些地区所占的比例会更高。随着逻辑推理所占比重的增加，完形填空的整体难度也随之不断提高。题模精讲题模一 反义推理题例1.1、Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVE
30、MENT ON THE SEAWhen you are homesick, the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick, _ you want to be is at sea.A、the first placeB、the last placeC、the only placeD、the safe place例1.2、Animals behavior scientists want to learn how animal behave in their wild homes. When animals live in cages or in zoos, they do not act the same as they do when they are _.A、happyB、freeC、sadD、angry
