1、高考英语复习必修1Unit 4Earthquakes必修1Unit 4Earthquakes重点单词1crack n裂缝；噼啪声vt.& vi.(使)开裂；破裂2event n事件；大事3ruin n废墟；毁灭vt.毁灭；使破产4track n轨道；足迹；痕迹5useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的6trap vt.使陷入困境n陷阱；困境7bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏8shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽处vt.掩蔽，遮蔽；庇护9damage n& vt.损失；损害10sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地11outline n要点；大纲；轮廓12headline n报刊的大字标题13
2、earthquake；quake n地震14burst n突然破裂；爆发vi.爆裂；爆发burst (过去式)burst (过去分词)15nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.国家的；民族的nationality n国籍16extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极其；非常17injure vt.损害；伤害injury n损害；伤害injured adj.受伤的18destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭destruction n毁坏；毁灭19shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊shocked adj.震惊的shocking adj
3、.令人震惊的20rescue n& vt.援救；营救rescuer n救援者21electricity n电；电流；电学electric adj.用电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电气科学的22disaster n灾难；灾祸disastrous adj.毁灭性的；灾难的23mine n矿；矿山；矿井miner n矿工24frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的25congratulation n祝贺；(pl.)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺26judge n裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；
4、判决judg(e)ment n意见；判断力；审判 27express vt.表示；表达n快车；速递expression n表达；表示；表情重点短语1right_away 立刻；马上2as_if 仿佛；好像3at_an_end 结束；终结 4in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5dig_out 掘出；发现 6a_(great)_number_of 许多；大量的7judge_by/from 根据/由判断 8be_buried_in 埋头于重点句型1部分否定的用法All hope was not lost.(教材P26)2everywhere引导状语从句Everywhere they looked
5、nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P26)3“all of关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(教材P30)4be doing sth when意为“正在做某事这时(突然)”The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.(教材P31)语法要点定语从句()(that, which, wh
6、o和whose引导)1A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.(教材P26)2The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.(教材P26)3Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first
7、one shook Tangshan.(教材P26)4Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.(教材P26)1burstvi.& vt.(burst, burst)爆裂；爆发；突然出现nC突然破裂；爆发In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(教材P26)在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入(2) 突然哭起来/笑起来(3)burst into(4)burst
8、with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支(5)a burst of 一阵The police burst in/into the house and arrested the gang.警察突然闯进房子逮捕了那帮人。Aileen burst out crying (cry) for a while, and burst into laughter (laugh) for another moment, which left us at a loss.艾琳一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。He burst with anger when he found out t
9、he truth.当发现真相后他勃然大怒。Reading The Emperors New Clothes, I had to let out a burst of laughter over his foolishness.读了皇帝的新装，我不禁为他的愚蠢而捧腹大笑。2ruinnU毁灭；毁坏；pl. 废墟；遗迹vt.毁坏；(使)破产；(使)堕落In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(教材P26)在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。(1)(2)ruinA large number of churches fell in
10、to ruin after the war. 战争过后，许多教堂都被毁了。Bad weather ruined our holidays.坏天气把我们的假日全给搅了。3injurevt.损害；伤害Twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(教材P26)他们中有三分之二的人在地震中伤亡。(1)injure ones pride/feelings/reputation 伤害某人的自尊心/感情/名声(2)(3)This could seriously injure the companys reputation. 这会严
11、重损害公司的声誉。Her boyfriend was badly injured in an accident and he may become a vegetable.她男朋友在事故中受伤严重，可能会变成植物人。When we reached the scene of the accident, we were told that the injured (injure) had been sent to the nearest hospital.当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。Last week, four police officers suffered se
12、rious injuries (injure) in the explosion.上周，4名警官在爆炸中受重伤。【比较网站】injure指由于意外或事故而受伤，精神上的伤害多用hurt。hurt受伤，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。wound指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争中、战斗中受伤。4buryvt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(教材P26)军队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。(1) 埋头于；专心于(2)bu
13、ry ones face/head in (ones) hands双手掩面/抱头Ever since he moved there, he has_buried (bury) himself in his research work.Ever since he moved there, he has_been_buried (bury) in his research work.自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。Buried (bury) in his study, he didnt know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了
14、。She buried her face in her hands and cried when she heard the bad news.当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。【提示】 表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to, be lost/engaged/absorbed in, focus/concentrate on, fix/concentrate ones attention on。5judgen裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agre
15、ed that it was the best one this year.(教材P30)五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。(1)(2)judging by/from从上看；根据判断(3)If he had played a part in the film, he would have_been_judged (judge) to be the best actor this year.如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评定为今年的最佳男演员了。Judging (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion
16、that we dont judge a book by/from its cover.从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不要以貌取人。In my judgement (judge), it is necessary to pay him a visit.在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。【提示】 judging from/by表示“从来看；根据来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。1at an end结束；终结It seemed as if the world was at an end! (教材P26)似乎世界末日来临了！(1)(2)make (both)
17、ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出(3)(4)They had reached a divorce settlement, which effectively announced their marriage came to an end.他们已经签署离婚协议，该协议正式宣告他们婚姻的终结。Her sudden arrival put an end to their meeting.她的忽然到来使他们的会议终止了。His efforts were well paid in the end.他的努力终于得到了回报。At first the actor refused to accept an
18、y responsibility but he ended up apologizing (apologize)最初这名男演员拒绝承担有任何责任，到头来还是道了歉。2a (great) number of许多；大量的Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(教材P27)那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。(1)(2)the number of可数名词复数单数谓语(3)不可数名词(4) (5)many a可数名词单数单数谓语Now a great numb
19、er of college graduates are (be) seeking to get a highpaid job. But the number of posts available for them is (be) often not enough.如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份高薪的工作，但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。A great deal of money was_donated (donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.一位普通工人向一所大学捐赠了很多钱
20、，这引起了公众的关注。With more and more forests cut down, large quantities of soil are_being_washed (wash) away.由于越来越多的森林被砍伐，大量的土壤正被冲走。【提示】 “large quantities/amounts ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用复数，而“a large quantity/amount ofn.”作主语时谓语动词用单数。1allnot并非所有的都All hope was not lost.(教材P26)不是所有的希望都破灭了。【句式点拨】该句是表示部分否定的句型。allnotnot a
21、ll，意为“并非所有的都”。(1)英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way 等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。Its impossible f
22、or all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.Its impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them arent fit for them.并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything.我同意你说的大部分内容，但我并非同意你讲的一切。Not
23、hing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall.我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观长城。2be doing sth when意为“正在做某事这时(突然)”The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.(教材P31)那个人正在楼下睡觉，突然发生了地震。【句式点拨】句中when为连词，引导时间状语从句，意义上相当于at that time，意为“就在这时(那时)”，往往具有突然性。I was going out when
24、 I heard a knock at the door. 我正要出门时听到了敲门声。I was_having (have) supper when it suddenly rained. 我正在吃饭，这时突然下起雨来。【拓展延伸】 when用作此意义的连词时的常见句型有：(1)be doing sth when 正在做某事，这时(突然)(2)be about to do sth when 正准备做某事，突然(3)be on the point of doing sth when 正要做某事，这时(4)had just done sth when 刚做完某事，突然.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式
25、或根据语境写一个合适的词)1Her friends expressed their congratulations (congratulate) to her when they heard the good news.2We were_shocked (shock) when we heard they had got killed in the accident.3There is worldwide concern about the destruction (destroy) of the rainforests. 4It is useless (use) arguing with B
26、radford, because he is too stubborn.5She walked here and there on the playground as if looking (look) for something.6. As an old saying goes, failure is never quite so frightening (frighten) as regret.7A number of bombs have exploded in the downtown, seriously injuring (injure) at least five people.
27、8The doctors reputation(名声) was_ruined (ruin) in the accident. Nobody believed that he was innocent.9Knowing someone else cares and hearing an expression (express) of that caring make us feel less alone.10Even if youre running on a path or in a park with no cars, always be aware of other runners and
28、 cyclists (cycle).单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)1At the end of the war, much of Europe and Asia was in ， and America stood alone as the worlds economic superpower. 2The meeting came to end and he set down many key points.3Maria looked at the picture, and then to my surprise she burst / of laughter. 4. from what h
29、e said just now, he must be an honest man.5The brother expressed in concern for everyone in the family but said nothing about what he himself was feeling. 6John pretends as if he know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.7An appeal is being made for help for those lost their homes in
30、the earthquake.8We entered the room, from window we could see the tower clearly.9As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners learning Chinese as a second language.10The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, her head in the novel.课文语法填空The Tangshan Earthquake was 1a natural disaster that occurred on July 28, 1976. It is believed to be the largest earthquake of the 20th century by death toll.Just before the earthquake, strange things were happening: The water in the village wells rose and fell; a 2smelly (smell) gas came out of the cr
