1、大学新视野英语2读写教育教案第三版课本学习知识词汇资料讲解Unit 1New wordstediousa.boring and continuing for too long 冗长乏味的Telling the story has become tedious, as I have done it so many times. 讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。obligevt.(usu. passive) make sb. feel that it is necessary to do sth. 迫使；使负有义务He felt obliged to help his mot
2、her, even if it meant leaving college. 他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。absorbeda.so interested or involved in sth. that you do not notice anything else 极感兴趣的；全神贯注的；专注的Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading a good book. 在聚精会神地读一本好书的时候，时间过得非常快。allergica.1 (be to sth.) (infml.) if you are allergi
3、c to sth., you do not like it and try to avoid it 不喜欢某事；对某事反感Most men are allergic to housework. 大多数男人都不喜欢做家务。2 having an allergy 过敏的I do not enjoy picnics because I am allergic to grass. 我不喜欢野餐，因为我对草过敏。excursionn.C a short journey you take for pleasure 短途出行；远足It was such a wonderful day that they d
4、ecided to take a day excursion to the mountain. 这么好的天气，他们决定去山上一日游。Included in the Beijing tour is an excursion to the Great Wall. 北京之行包括了游览长城。earnesta.very serious and sincere 非常认真的；郑重其事的At the office he was very earnest, but he s more relaxed在no办w公. 室他很认真，但是现在他放松多了。Frank is an earnest man; he works
5、 hard and is also very reliable. 弗兰克是一个认真的人，他工作努力，也很可靠。exclaimv.say sth. suddenly and loudly because of surprise, anger, or excitement （由于惊奇、气愤或激动）呼喊，惊叫Susan exclaimed horror when a young man with a gun suddenly appeared from behindher. 当一名年轻男子突然持枪从苏珊背后出现时，她害怕得惊叫起来。whoainterj.said to show that you a
6、re surprised or that you think sth. is impressive 哎呀，哇（表示惊讶或认为某事物令人赞叹）civilizationn.C, U a society that is well organized and developed, used esp. about a particular societyin a particular place or at a particular time 文明（社会）architecturen. U1 the style and design of a building or buildings 建筑风格；建筑式样
7、2 the art and practice of planning and designing buildings 建筑学capturevt.1 succeed in recording, showing, or describing a situation or feeling, using words orpictures （用文字或图片）记录下，描述，捕捉Some artists are able to catch a likeness in a sketch while others are gifted to capture afleeting expression. 有些艺术家能
8、画出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些则善于捕捉到稍纵即逝的表情。The robbery was captured on a police video camera. 抢劫过程被警方的摄像机拍录了下来。2 catch a person and keep them as a prisoner 俘虏；逮捕Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader. 政府军已经成功捕获叛乱分子的头目。condensevt.make sth. that is spoken or written shorter 将（讲话或文章）压缩The whol
9、e chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs. 这一整章可以压缩成几个段落。condenseda.being made shorter, usu. including only the most important parts 压缩的The council was merely given a condensed version of what had already been disclosed inWashington. 该理事会得到的只是已在华盛顿披露的内容的浓缩版。exceedvt.(fml.) be more than a pa
10、rticular number or amount 超过；超出Youll have to pay extra money if you exceed your luggage allowance. 如果你的行李超重，你必须额外付费。distressn.U a feeling of extreme unhappiness 忧虑；苦恼；悲伤She had five years of active and happy life in the hospital before she died, without muchpain or distress from cancer. 她过世前在医院过了五年积
11、极而快乐的生活，并没有因为患癌症而遭受多大的痛苦或忧伤。distinguishv.recognize the differences between things 区分；辨别A formal education with emphasis on history, literature, and culture helps a person learnhow to distinguish right from wrong. 着重于历史、文学和文化的正规教育能帮助一个人学习如何明辨是非。distinctivea.easy to recognize because of being differen
12、t from other people or things of the same type与众不同的；特殊的；特别的The distinctive design of a product provides a powerful competitive advantage over otherproducts. 一个独特的产品设计具有比其他产品更强有力的竞争优势。complimentarya.1 given free to people 免费赠送的All guests will receive a complimentary bottle of champagne. 所有客人都将得到一瓶免费的
13、香槟。2 saying that you admire sb. or sth. 赞美的；钦佩的Mrs. Stevens was most complimentary about your work. 史蒂文斯夫人盛赞你的工作。plementary things go well together although they are usu. different 互为补充的；互补的The economies of the two countries are complementary to one another in nature. 两国经济具有互补性。bulkn.U (the of sth.)
14、 the majority or largest part of sth. （某物的）大部分，多半Because the bulk of the work was supervised by the owner, the overall cost is difficult toassess. 因为大部分的工作是由业主监督，总体成本很难去评估。Buying in bulk is more economical than shopping for small quantities. 大批量采购比小批量更经济。criticismn.C, U remarks that say what you thi
15、nk is bad about sb. or sth. 批评；批判；指责deficitn. C1 a lack of a quality, skill, or ability that you should have （素质、技能或能力的）缺乏，不足knowledge/language/sleep deficit 知识/语言/睡眠的缺乏2 the amount by which sth. is less than you need or should have 赤字；亏损；逆差Owing to the heavy deficit, the company is apparently on th
16、e verge of bankruptcy. 由于巨额亏损，该公司很明显已到了破产的边缘。Tax was low and state spending was high, which resulted in a budget deficit. 低税收和州政府的高支出导致了预算赤字。dumba.(infml.) stupid 愚蠢的The questions were set up just to make her look dumb. 问题这么设计就是为了让她出丑。groceryn.1 C (also store) (AmE supermarket) a store selling food
17、and other goods 超级市场2 (ies) pl. food and other goods 食品杂货stationarya.standing still instead of moving 不（移）动的；静止的Stationary cars in traffic jams caused a great deal of pollution. 交通堵塞中静止不动的汽车产生了大量污染。stationeryn.U materials used for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils, etc. 文具We regret that we are u
18、nable to accept telephone orders for personal stationery items. 很遗憾，我们不能接受个人文具用品的电话订购。padn. C1 several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing or drawing 便笺本；拍纸簿2 a thick flat object made of cloth or rubber, used to protect or clean sth., or to make sth.more comfortable 垫；衬垫；护垫albumn.C a
19、 book that you put photographs, stamps, etc. in （收存照片、邮票等的）簿，册proclaimvt.(fml.) say publicly or officially that sth. important is true or exists 宣称；宣布；声明Britain proudly proclaims that it is a nation of animal lovers. 英国自豪地宣称自己是一个爱护动物的国家。scandaln.1 sing. a situation that shocks you and makes you angr
20、y, esp. one that you think sb. inauthority should change （尤指当局本应改变的）令人震惊的事，引起愤慨的事It is a scandal that a person can be stopped by the police for no reason. 警察竟可以毫无理由地拦人，这很令人震惊。2 C an event in which sb., esp. sb. important, behaves in a bad way that shocks people（尤指牵涉知名人士的） 丑闻，丑事The official got invol
21、ved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later. 那位官员卷入了一桩丑闻，几个星期后被迫辞职。thrustv.(thrust, thrust) push sth. somewhere roughly 猛推；猛塞She never enjoyed the fame that was thrust on her. 对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到过开心。proficiencyn.U a good standard of ability and skill 熟练；精通Evidence of basic proficiency in Engli
22、sh is part of the admission requirements. 具备基本的英语技能是入学要求的一部分。moreoverad.(fml.) in addition used to introduce information that adds to or supports what haspreviously been said 而且；再者；此外Moreover, they become more concerned about their health as they grow older. 此外，随着年龄的增长，他们更加关注自己的健康。evidentlyad.used f
23、or saying that sth. is obviously true 明显地；显然She should have been here two hours ago, so she s evidently decided not to come afterall. 她两小时以前就应该到这儿了，所以她显然决定不来了。Although Miss Smith was evidently not very well, she continued working throughout thesummer. 虽然史密斯小姐身体很明显不适 ，可是她还是坚持工作了一个夏天。exposuren.1 sing.
24、, U the chance to experience new ideas, ways of life, etc. 接触；体验Exposure to a second language should take place in elementary school. 孩子们应该从小学就开始接触第二语言。For as yet unknown reasons, I had come through five years of exposure to a fatal viruswithout being infected. 由于某种未知的原因， 我与一种致命的病毒接触了五年却相安无事，没被感染。2
25、U when sb. is in a situation where they are not protected from sth. dangerous orunpleasant 暴露The doctor told Penny that too much exposure to the sun is bad for the skin and maycause cancer. 医生对彭妮说在太阳底下晒太久对皮肤有害，可能会致癌。adequatea.enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose 足够
26、的；充分的；合乎需要的People accused the governor of failing to take adequate measures which could haveprevented the disaster. 人们指责该州长对本来可以避免的灾难没有采取充分的措施。adequatelyad.足够地；充分地Some students are not adequately prepared for higher education. 有的学生没有充分地准备好接受高等教育。competenta.having enough skills or knowledge to do sth
27、. to a satisfactory standard 合格的；能干的My secretary is perfectly competent, but she doesn t have much patie我nc的e.秘书非常能干，但是她没有多少耐心。jerkn.C a sudden quick movement 猛的一动；猝然一动The old bus started with a jerk, so the passengers shook all of a sudden. 那辆旧的公共汽车猛地一动，车上的乘客都突然摇晃了一下。jerkya.moving roughly with many
28、 starts and stops （在行进中）不平稳的，颠簸的After the bus came to a jerky halt, the passengers got off the bus hurriedly. 公共汽车颠簸着停下来以后，乘客们都匆忙下车了。functionn.C, U the purpose that sth. has, or the job that sb. or sth. does （事物的）功能，作用；（某人的）职责One of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with t
29、heir places insociety. 教育的主要职能之一是帮助未来的公民在社会上找到自己的位置。vi.work or operate in the correct way 正常工作；正常运转If the Internet stopped functioning, the consequent losses could be measured in tens ofbillions of dollars. 如果因特网停止运作，由此产生的损失可用数百亿美元来衡量。spann.C a period of time between two dates or events （两个日期或事件之间的）
30、时距，期间Property gained within the span of marriage such as salary is considered jointly ownedproperty. 婚姻存续期间获得的财产，如工资，都视为夫妻共同财产。The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. 美国人的平均寿命现在超过了 74 年。scratchn. C1 (from ) from a point where nothing has been there, so you have to do everythin
31、gyourself 从零开始；从头开始；白手起家It may be the first time in years when you have had to start from scratch making newfriends. 这可能是多年来的第一次你不得不从头开始结交新朋友。2 a thin mark or cut on the surface of sth. or on sb. （ 物件s或sk皮in肤上的）刮痕，划痕The scratch on the watch was almost too minute to see. 手表上的划痕几乎小得看不见。tunevt.1 (also up) make small changes to an engine so that it works as well as possible 调整，
