1、新课标届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点十一特殊句式 考点十一 特殊句式 限时25分钟 一、单句语法填空 1It was last Saturday _ we visited the History Museum 答案:that 此句为强调句型,其中被强调的部分是last Saturday。 2When _ (return) home, I met my old friend Paul in the street 答案:returning 句意:当我回家时,我在街上遇到了我的老朋友保罗。return的逻辑主语与句子主语I一致,且I与return之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填现在分词形式。whe
2、n returning home是when I was returning home的省略。 3Only in this way _ I learn English well 答案:can 句意:只有用这种方法,我才能学好英语。当only用在句首强调状语时,句子要用部分倒装,强调主语时,句子不倒装。 4I wont go to the party tonight even if _(invite) 答案:invited 此句中even if后省略了I am, invite的逻辑主语与句子主语I一致,且I与invite之间存在被动关系,因此应用invited。 5Not only _ I int
3、erested in the photography, but I took a course at university 答案:am 句意:我不仅对摄影感兴趣,在大学里我还上过摄影课。not only位于句首时,所在分句用部分倒装,且此处描述现在的情况,故填am。 6Jim is a student; _ is Tom 答案:so 句意:吉姆是一名学生,汤姆也是。指前者情况也适用于后者,意为“某人也”,表肯定意义,用so助动词主语。 7I cant swim well; _ can Jim 答案:neither/nor 句意:我不擅长游泳,吉姆也不擅长。指前者情况也适用于后者,并且指否定意义
4、时,用neither/nor助动词主语。 8_ (knock) at the door before you enter my room, please 答案:Knock 句意:进我的房间前请你先敲门。本句为祈使句,故用动词原形。 9I have no idea why it is _ he will go there with her 答案:that 句意:我不知道他为什么要跟她去那里。idea后面是why引导的同位语从句,为强调句型。 10Though _(surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome the 后省略了t
5、hough此句是连词后省略了“主语be”。此句中surprised 答案: professor was,因此应填形容词surprised。 11I drove _ slowly as possible in the heavy traffic 答案:as 本句中含有as as possible的省略结构,意为“尽可能”。 12Only _ he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again 答案:when/if 句意:只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时,我才会再次跟他说话。“only状语从句”位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装。根据句意可填whe
6、n/if。 13The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, _ will he even give it a thought 答案:nor/neither 句意:校长不会允许课程变化,他甚至也不会去考虑。“nor/neither助动词主语”是部分倒装结构,意为“也不”。 14At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialingjiang River _ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China
7、答案:lies 介词短语“At the meeting place of ”放在句首作地点状语时,句子要用完全倒装语序。句子的主语为Chongqing,且叙述客观事实,故填lies。 15The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _ (not) 答案:not to 句意:这个司机想把车停在路边,但被警察告知不要这么做。此处是省略,空格处补全为not to park his car near the roadside。 16One talk with Tom, I believe
8、, _ you will find he is outgoing 答案:and 句意:和汤姆谈一谈,我相信你会发现他是外向的。本题是“名词短语and陈述句”的结构,and表示顺承关系,故填and。 17_ (devote) to finding ways to make music accessible to all children is Ms Thompson with a touring company of professional musicians 答案:Devoted 此句为倒装句。还原为“Ms Thompson with a touring company of profess
9、ional musicians is devoted to finding ways to make music accessible to all children” 18Up till now, there has been no scientific evidence about _ it was that caused the death of dinosaurs 答案:what 句意:到目前为止,还没有科学证据证明是什么导致了恐龙的死亡。这里强调了恐龙灭绝的原因,即what,因此这是强调句型的特殊疑问句式。 19I finally got the job I dreamed abou
10、t Never in my life _ I feel so happy 答案:did 句意:我最终得到了我梦想的工作。我一生中从来没有这么高兴过。never 。did可知,填got放在句首,句子用部分倒装,结合前面的 20I went to the classroom as usual But there, next to my desk, _ (sit) a girl I had never seen before 答案:sat 句意:我像平常一样去了教室。但是,在我桌子旁边坐着一个我以前从没见过的女孩。表示地点方位的状语位于句子开头,主语如果是名词,则句子用全部倒装。 21He said
11、 he _ see a woman in black walking out of the office building just now 答案:did 句意:他说他的确看到了一个黑衣女子从办公大楼走出来了。分析句子可知,此处是对谓语动词see的强调,根据时间状语“just now”可知,应该用did表示强调。 22Hardly _ (have) she sat down when she heard someone knocking the door 答案:had 句意:她刚刚坐下,就听到有人敲门。hardly when 表示“一就”,hardly放在句首,用部分倒装。从句使用一般过去时,
12、主句用过去完成时。故填had。 23Are you free tonight? If _, Id like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the States 答案:so 句意:今晚你有空吗?如果有空的话,我想让你见见我的美国新朋友汤姆。if so “如果这样的话”,so替代上文的全部内容,避免重复。 24_ Tom shared his idea with us, we would have made more progress 答案:Had 句意:如果汤姆和我们分享他的想法,我们会取得更大的进步。此处是if引导的非真实条件状语从句,使用虚拟语气,省
13、略了if,并将had提前的用法。故填Had。 25At the top of the hill _ (stand) an ancient tower, which dates back to the Song Dynasty 答案:stands 句意:在山顶上有一座古塔,它可追溯到宋朝。表示地点的介词短语放在句首,句子用全部倒装。句子的主语是an ancient tower, 故填stands。 26Child _ he was, he was able to stand on his own feet 答案:as/though 句意:尽管他是个孩子,但是他已经能够自立了。分析前面的“Chil
14、d _ he was”可知,是一个由as/though引导的让步状语从句,故填as/though。 27She dare not say what she thinks, _ she? 答案:dare 主从复合句的反意疑问句部分中的主语和动词需要根据主句确定,当陈述部分的dare是情态动词,反意疑问句部分也用dare,此复合句中主句是否定句,故此处只填dare。 28If _ (accept) for the job, you will be informed soon 答案:accepted 逗号前是“If you are accepted for the job”的省略形式。当主从句的主语
15、一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以把从句中的主语和be动词一起省略,故填 。accepted 29At last we found a house, in front of which _ (stand) a tall tree 答案:stood 介词短语位于句首,且谓语动词是stand时,句子要用全部倒装结构。由found的提示可知,此空应填stand的过去式stood。 30Fishing in this river, as far as I know, _ (be) prohibited 答案:is 本句中含有插入包含副词的分句,这也是特殊句式的一种,被插入的部分不影响句意和句子的成分。
16、动名词作主语,且描述一般事实,谓语动词应用is。 二、单句改错 1At home, there has a CD player in my room, and the music is on all the time _ 答案:hasis 句意:在家里我的房间里有一台CD播放器,一直放着音乐。前一分句为there be句型。主语为单数名词a CD player, 故将has改为is。 2Only do I know the news here _ 答案:去掉do 句意:这儿,只有我知道这个消息。当only用在句首强调主语时,句子不倒装,强调状语时,句子才倒装。 3Well, I do thin
17、k the horse is a useful animal So it does _ 答案:doesis 句意:嗯,我的确认为马是很有用的动物。 的确是。分析句意可知,第二句是表示肯定、赞同前面说过的话,意为“确实如此,确实是这样”,对应the horse is,故将does改为is。 4Between each of the morning classes are an interval, when the students can have a short break _ 答案:areis 介词短语置于句首时,应用全部倒装,句子的主语是an interval,故将are改为is。 5It
18、 was in the village where he spent much of his childhood _ 答案:wherethat 分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句,故将where改为that。 6Im sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your test How can that be? I did it as tell in class! _ 答案:第二个telltold 答语中后一个句子的状语从句为省略“主语be动词”的形 。as I was told,两者之间为被动关系,还原后为I的逻辑主语为tell式。 7A bit
19、more effort, I think, so you will settle the problem _ 答案:soand 先把插入语I think去掉,则不难看出此句为“(表示条件的)名词短语and陈述句”结构,陈述句表示顺承的结果。 8Not until my son had entered the college he realize the importance of time _ 答案:he前加did not until位于句首时主句应用部分倒装;由从句的时态可知,主句应用一般过去时,因此在he前加助动词did。 9Scarcely I arrived at my second
20、job when a server immediately handed me my first order _ 答案:Scarcely后加had 此处是“scarcely when ”结构,Scarcely用于句首,主句部分倒装。本结构中从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。故在Scarcely后加had。 10There appears to have little enthusiasm for your idea _ 答案:havebe 此处表示“人们好像对你的想法没什么热情”。此处为There be句型,其中be可以用appears to be代替,故将have改为be。 11Stand
21、ing on one foot with your eyes closed, and you will soon lose your balance _ 答案:StandingStand 句意:闭着眼睛用一只脚站立,你很快就会失去平衡。固定句式:祈使句and/or表示某事经常发生或惯常行为的陈述句。 12Though he isnt a driver, he used to _ 答案:to后加be 句意:虽然他现在不是一个司机,但是过去他是。在used to后面如果是系动词be,不能省略。 13Only by studying hard and making good preparations
22、 for exams we avoid suffering from the pressure of exams _ 答案:we前加can 以“Only介词短语”放在句首的句子,使用部分倒装,结合句意,在we前加can。 14Not only I care for my own family, but also I will contribute to building a harmonious society _ 答案:only后加will “not only but also ”结构放在句首,前面的分句用部分倒装,故在only后加will。 15Although Im not a teac
23、her of that famous school, I want to _ 答案:to后加be 在省略句中,如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,则不能省略,通常保留这些词,故此处在to后加be。 特殊句式(一) 一、强调句 强调句型由“Itis/was被强调部分that/who其他部分”构成,可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语;被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用who或that均可,其他情况一律用that。 判断方法:将It is/was和that/who去掉,若剩下的部分仍能表达完整的句意,则为强调句型;若不能,则不是。 1强调句型的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it被强
24、调部分that/who其他? Was it in the park that Tom lost his watch? 2强调句型的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词is/was it that其他? Who_was_it_that broke the window? 3not until 结构的强调句型 其强调句式为:It is/was not until被强调部分that其他。 He didnt go to bed until ten oclock It_was_not_until ten oclock that he went to bed 注意:强调句型不能用来强调谓语,若要强调句子谓语动词,可
25、将助动词do/does/did置于动词原形之前,用来加强语气。 He does like it I did tell you the news yesterday 二、倒装句 1完全倒装 (1)表示方位、地点的副词或介词短语,如:there, here, up, down, now, then, away, in, out, off等置于句首,且主语是名词时,用完全倒装。当主语为代词时不倒装。 Here_comes the first bus Out_rushed a boy! On_the_top_of_the_mountain_stands a temple 等置于句首时用完全倒装。suc
26、h主系表结构中作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、(2) Present_at_the_meeting_were Professor Zhang and many other guests Seated_on_the_ground_are a group of young people 2部分倒装 (1)“only状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)”置于句首时,整个句子或后面的主句用部分倒装;当“only主语”置于句首时,句子不倒装。 Only_in_this_way_can you succeed Only I am here today (2)表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时用部分倒装。 常见的这类词或短语有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time, not only, not until等。 Seldom_in_my_life_have I met so determined a person At_no_time_should you touch it or get it hurt (3)so, neither, nor置于句首表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时用部分倒装。 但是当前面的情况是两种或两种以上时要用It is th