1、高考英语专题系列复习动词和动词词组2010届高考英语专题系列复习动词和动词词组概述 动词和动词词组的考查是单项填空的重中之重，就2009年高考而言，各省、市试卷涉及动词与动词词组的考题大都占到69题之多。主要涉及的考点有：常见动词及动词近义词辨析；及物动词常被误为不及物动词；特定语境中常见动词的基本用法和辨析，如：develop发展冲洗；meet见面满足；cover覆盖涉及等；拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词有：hang(hanged绞死，hung悬挂)；lay(laid, laid)放置；lie(lied, lied)说慌；lie(lay, lain)平卧等。其中，常见动词及动词近义词辨析是高考
2、动词类的热点问题。热点1 几个常见的谓语动词常见动词及其搭配是动词类的热点，非常值得注意。以下归纳几个常见动词，其目的就是要让考生在平时的学习过程中学会不断积累和总结。1.关于make（1）make当“做、制造”解时，可跟双宾语，间接宾语用for 引导。如：Hell make me a kite.=Hell make a kite for me.他将给我制作一个风筝。（2）make通常与一些表示动作的名词连用。如： make a study/trip/promise/movement/statement/dive/request/change/fire/demand/speech/report
3、/face/plan/success/living/differencemake an explanation/experiment/excuse/effect/apologyto sb make preparations/progress/roomfor sb make ones way/bread tea coffee/up ones mind/no answer(3)make作使役动词时,表示 “使做某事、使成为“，可跟复合结构，其中的宾补可以是：形容词：They are trying to make our country beautiful.他们在努力使我们的国家变得美丽。名词：I
4、would make you king over the earth.我会使你灰飞烟灭地球之王。过去分词：What made him so frightened?什么使他如此害怕？省去to 的不定式：The boy made faces just to make the other students laugh.这个男孩做鬼脸只是为了使其他孩子发笑。注意：make在被动语态中一定要接带to的不定式。如：No one is ever made to be hero.没有天生的英雄。典例1The regulations were made_ children after the accidents
5、.A. protect B. to protect C. protecting D. to be protected解析 B 在句中因为make用的是被动语态，故其后一定要接带to的不定式，作主语补足语。构成：make it +adj. +to do sth./that-clause使（做）某事成为。典例2The manager, _it clear to us that he didnt agree with us ,left the meeting room.(2005江西卷)A. who has made B. having madeC. made D. making解析 B 关于mak
6、e用法的考查。根据句子结构分析可以判断，主句为：The manager left the meeting room.,中间的部分为分词短语作状语，且动作发生在主句left动作之前，而又并非现在完成时，故排除A。现在分词的完成式先于主句的谓语动词而发生，故选B。（4）make作“制造、组成”时构成的词组，常使用被动语态。成品+be made of +原料（看得出原料）成品+be made from+原料（难看或看不出原料）原料+be made into+成品成品+be made by+执行者制造者成品+be made in+地点物体组织+be made up of +若干成份典例3 The ol
7、d cottage can be_ temporary(临时的)houses.A. made into B. made of C. made by D. made in解析A 此句句意为：这栋旧别墅可以改装成临时住宅。被动词组be made into符合句意。（5）make构成的两个常用词组：make up(for)弥补，虚构，缝制，化妆，整理等。如：make up jokes编笑话；make up a poem/a story/a song编诗歌/故事/歌曲。再如：They hurried on to make up for lost time.他们加速进行以补回失去的时间。The boy
8、made up a story; it was not true.男孩儿编了个故事，这故事不是真的。She made up her face to look prettier.她化了妆以便看上去更漂亮些。典例4Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _jokes.(2005江苏卷)A. turning up B. putting upC. making up D. showing up解析C 动词搭配与辨析。turn up 找到，发现，出现；put up 举起，抬起，进行；show up揭露，露
9、出，露面。而make up jokes为“编笑话”，与句意吻合。make full/good/the best use of 充分利用。如：We must make the best use of the fine weather.我们必须充分利用这好天气。Lets make use of this opportunity to practice our spoken English.让我们好好地利用这个机会来练习英语口语。2.关于consider（1）作“考虑”讲时，可跟名词/代词/从句或跟连接代词/副词+to do或跟动名词连用。如：Have you considered how to g
10、et there?你考虑过如何去那里了吗？He considered going to see them in prison.他考虑去监狱探试他们。（2）作“认为，把当作”讲时，consider+宾语+宾补，作宾补的可以是名词/形容词/不定式（不定式完成式）。如：I consider him to be a fool.我把他当作一个傻子看待。（3）注意结构：consider it + n/ adj. + to do sth.I consider it necessary to study English.我认为学英语很有必要。（4）consider(as)表示“把（某人或某物）看作”。如：Mo
11、st people considered him as a hero.多数人把他看成一个英雄。典例5 Many things_ impossible in the past are common today.A. considering B. to considerC. considered D. being considered解析C 动词consider的非谓语考查形式。剖析其结构：Many things are common today.为主句。considered 是过去分词短语作定语修饰many things, impossible在被动语态中为主语补足语。适用于“consider+
12、宾语+宾补”结构。故选C3.关于keep（1）keep用作及物动词，表示“使继续处于某种状态”，其后的宾补可以是：现在分词 如：Dont keep your mother waiting.别让你母亲再等。过去分词 如：His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered.他的衣服像是刚刚拖起来披盖在自己身上的。副词 如：This helps to keep the cold out.这有助于御寒。介词短语 如：He kept them in the classroom after school.放学后，他让他们呆在教室里。形容词
13、 如：The nurses keep her very clean.护士们将她整理得非常整法。(2)keep作系动词，意为“保持、继续处于某种状态”。如：keep silent/quiet/cool/fit(3)keep doing 与keep on doing表示“决心、毅力、顽强意志力和强调动作的反复”时，多用keep on doing 。如：Dont give up hope, keep on trying.别放弃希望，要不断努力。表示持续状态常用keep doing 。如：Weve kept hoping to go to college. 我们一直希望上大学。keep/keep on
14、一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。如：常不用keep(on)standing/sitting/beginning/leaving 。典例6Keep _after meals, then youll be in good health.A. walking B. sleeping C. standing D. sitting解析 A keep doing的特殊用法。此种结构一般都不能与表示短暂性动作、心理状态或结果的动词连用。而sleeping ,standing, sitting都是表示短暂性动作的动词。故选A。（4）其它搭配keep back 阻止，落在后面keepout
15、 (of)使在外，不让入内keep away 不接近，避开keep from 阻止，抑制，避免于keep off 让开，不接近keep up 坚持，继续，保持，（斗争）不低落keep up with跟上，赶上，不落后于keep in touch with与保持联络典例7We read the newspaper every day to _the present affairs.A. keep up B. keep up withC. catch up with D. keep in touch with解析 B keep词组考查题。根据句意：我们每天读报是为了跟上当前形势。keep up 坚
16、持；keep up with跟上，赶上；catch up with 赶上，逮捕；keep in touch with 与保持联络。只有B项与句意吻合。4.关于go（1）go的过去分词形式gone多用作表语，意为“（人）不在了、走了”，“（物）丢了、用完了”，如：The necklace was gone.这条项链丢了。Liu Mei is already gone.刘梅已经走了。比较：He is already gone.(强调无目的)He has gone.(强调有目的、方向)（2）go 有“说的”之意。常用于“the story goes据说；as the saying goes正如格言所
17、说”。如：As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”正如格言所说，“有志者，事竟成”。典例8As a Chinese old saying_, “Good fortune lies within bad, bad fortune lies within good.”A. goes B. say C. is said D. is written解析 A 与本词条中的含义吻合即用在谚语前表示“说的、叫做”。（3）go为终止性动词，不与表示时间段的状语连用。（见时态和语态专题）（4）go to常与go to attend意
18、义相同，多与一些表示活动的名词连用。如：go to college/a meeting/an English party/a concert/a dance/a film/a lecture/a dinner等。（5）注意区别：go on doing sth.继续做同一个动作go on to do sth.做完一个接着干另一个go on with sth.同一事件中断后又接着做He went on speaking of his war experiences.他继续说着他的战争经历。比较He went on to speak of his war experiences.(=He began
19、 speaking of themafter he had finished speaking of something else.)他做完了别的之后，又继续说他的战争经历。They went on with their work at the empty loom until late into the night.他们在一张空织布机上不停地工作直至深夜。(6)其它搭配go to rest/sleep/bed休息/睡觉go out for a walk/ride/swim/bath/drive外出散步/骑车/游泳/洗澡/兜风go shopping/fishing/shooting/swimm
20、ing/walking购物/钓鱼/射击/游泳/散步go about着手做，从事go ahead 前进，进行go all out for sth./to do sth.全力以赴go in for sth.从事于，酷爱，参加go over仔细检查，润色（文稿），复习go through经历，经受go up 上涨5.关于agree（1）agree 一般用作不及物动词，因此，其后不能直接带宾语。如其后跟从句，则可作及物动词。可跟不定式，但不跟不定式的复合结构。（2）区别： 表示“同意某人的看法”。常说：agree with sb./what sb says。表示“适合、合适”。如：agree with
21、 This climate doesnt agree with me.这里的气候不适合我。表示“一致、协调”。如：The verb must agree with its subject in person and number.动词必须与人称和数保持一致。agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”。常可说：agree to a plan/an arrange ment/a proposal/a decision.agree on /upon表示“对取得一致意见”。如：They both agreed on the plan,他们两个都同意这个方案。典例9 I dont _peo
22、ple smoking all day long.A. agree B. agree to C. agree on D. agree with解析 B 考查动词agree及词组辨析。agree为不及物动词，不带宾语；agree on/upon表示“对取得一致意见”；agree with表示“同意某人的看法”；agree to 表示“同意（某人的建议、安排、计划）”，符合句意。热点2 常见动词近义词辨析常见动词近义词很多，有必要掌握以下常见词类：1.关于win, defeat, beat和gain(1)win作“赢”讲时，其宾语常是：war, battle, game, match, argum
23、ent, a victory, the prize,100 yuan, a race, honor for, the praise, the first place等，而不能是表示人的名词。(2) beat及物动词，后面的宾语是“对手”，表示结果。如：beat sb. in 在比赛、战斗、争论中击败某人。beat him at table tennis在乒乓球赛中击败他(3)defeat sb.在战斗、战争、比赛中击败对手。强调暂时行为。如：defeat the enemy in the war在战争中击败敌人(4)gain及物动词，表示“获得、赢得所需之物/利益或好处”。如：gain exp
24、erience/wealth/a reputation/the time/the marks/the rank/the prize/ones respect/success/knowledge/ones living/happiness/a salary/an honor。典例1Our basketball team_ theirs by a score of 100:98.A. won B. defeat C. beat D. gained解析 C近义词辨析题。根据win不和theirs(their teams)搭配；defeat与sb.连接；gain常有“获得”，也不与theirs搭配。只
25、有beat与“（击败的）对手”搭配，强调结果，故选C。2.关于fit, suit和match(1)fit作及物动词，表示“适合、配上、合身”。如：This coat fits her nicely.这件外套非常合适。The key doesnt fit the lock,这把钥匙不合这把锁。（2）作形容词，表示“适合、健康”常构成be fit for 。如：He is fit for the job,他适合这份工作。The water is fit to drink.这水适合喝。（3）作不及物动词，表示“吻合、合身”。如：Does the coat fit?这件大衣合身吗？（4）suit作适合
26、，常强调颜色、款式等适合某人，而fit则强调大小合身。如：That color doesnt suit your complexion(肤色)。这颜色不适合你的肤色。（5）match表示“在（品质、颜色、设计等方面）与相配”。如：Carpets should match the curtains.地毯必须与窗帘区配。典例2The red tie you bought doesnt _my coat.A. fit B. fit for C. suit D. match解析D 近义词辨析题目。fit作及物动词，表示大小合身；作不及物动词，强调“吻合”；作形容词，则须用be fit for; sui
27、t 强调“款式合适”，只有match强调“与匹配”。故选D。3.关于cost, spend, take和pay(1)从意义上讲，都可表示“花钱”。如：“我花10元钱买衬衣”。这一句话可有四种翻译：The shirt cost me ten yuan.I spent ten yuan on the shirt.It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt.I paid ten yuan for the shirt.(2)结构搭配上的不同spend的主语只能是人。常用结构：sb. +spend(s)+time/money on sth./in doing sth.cos
28、t的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。常用结构：sth. +cost(s)+ sb. +time/moneytake的主语多为指物的名词。常用结构：It + takes +time/ money +to do sth.pay的主语是人，为买某物而付钱。常用结构：sb. +pay(s)+ money +for sth.典例3 I _the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan.A. cost B. paid C. pent D. bought解析 D近义词辨析题。用cost,则主谓搭配不当；用pay，则260 yuan作宾语；用spend,则与for
29、260 yuan搭配不当；应选用buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合。4.关于hurt, wound, injure和harm (1)hurt:表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦，强调疼痛感”。如：Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞，许多人受了伤。（2）wound:表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤，特别是在战争中受伤”。如：The soldier was wounded in the arm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。（3）injure:表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。如：There we
30、re two people injured in the car accident.有两个人在车祸中受了伤。（4）harm: 表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失，其对象可以是自己，也可以是其他人或物”。如：Our dog wont harm you.我们的狗不会伤害你的。Getting up early wont harm you!早起对你没有坏处。典例4There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasnt_ at all .A. hurt B. wounded C. harmed D. injured解析 C
31、近义词辨析题目。hurt强调“精神或肉体上的疼痛”；wound强调“刀、枪伤”；harm强调“危害、损失”；injure强调“意外伤害”。名意为：我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故，但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损。故用harmed合句意。重点 1 两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词hang hanged hanged(绞死) lay laid laid(放置)hang hung hung(悬挂) lie lied lied(说慌) lie lay lain(平卧)find found found(发现) fall fell fallen(跌倒)found founded founded(建立) fell felled felled(砍伐、击倒) fail
