1、英语词语辨析总【able，capable，competent】 adj.定，表，补有能力的，能干的able 指有能力做某事，强调聪明、能干、有本事，后面可接动词不定式，后加-er，est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：There are many able students in our institute You are able to do it better than I She is an abler actress than I thoughtcapable 意为“有能力的、有才能的”，与able相比语义较弱，有时两词可以互换使用，但capable后面只可接介词of，而不能接动词不定式
2、， 前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：Let me introduce the capable doctor to your parents Show your teacher what you are capable of He is capable of running a mile in four minutes competent 除表示“有能力”外，还兼有“胜任的” 之义，后面可接动词不定式或介词as，for或to，前接more，themost构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：He isnt a very competent directorIs she com
3、petent to do the work? Is she competent as a teacher?They are competent for designing this type of machineHe is not competent to the task of teaching English【absurd，ridiculous】 ddj.定，表，补荒谬的，可笑的 这两个词前接more，the most构成比较级和最 高级形式。absurd 意为“荒谬的、可笑的”，表示某种言论因其极不符合逻辑、常识和情理而令人发笑，往往指无稽之谈，常后接介词in 用例：It is absu
4、rd in theory n is absurd to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow What could be more absurd than that?ridiculous 指某人或某件事是“荒唐可笑的”，常后接介词in 用例：He looks ridiculous in that hat Dont be ridiculous! The idea seemed ridiculous to him【abundant，ample】 adj. 定，表，补大量的 这两个词意义相近，许多情况下可互换，但仍有差异。abundant 意为“大量
5、的、多的”，多指某物品有“充裕的”供应，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，但很少使用， 用例：abundant rainfall an abundant supply of meat，milk and eggs。ample 本义为“充分的”，可引申为“大量的，表示足够或超出必要的程度，通常后接不可效名词或可数名词复数形式，可前接more， the most或后加er，est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：ample opportunitiesample time We have ample money for the journey【acid，sour】 adj.定，表，补酸
6、的acid 一般指自然的酸味，通常是因含有化学酸，其引申义可表示辛辣、刻薄或讽刺，无比较级或最高级形式，用例：acid rainacid fruits Lemons have an acid taste His wit became acidsour 有时可与acid互换使用，用例：The fruit is still green and tastes sour该词也表示物质由于发酵或变质而发酸，后加-er，est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：sour garbagesour milkHe has a sour temper 用于形容人 时，指人脾气坏、尖酸挑剔，用例：Jane took a
7、sour view of everything【 accurate，exact，precise】 adj.定，表，补准确的，精确的accurate 意为“准确的、精确的”，往往含有小心谨慎地做到与某一标准或客观事物相符合或相一致的意味，可后接介词at，in等，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：Clocks in railway station should be accurate He was accurate in his work His memory was not accurateexact 意为“确切的、精确的、贴切的”，强调与事 实、真实情况或标准绝对相符
8、、严格吻合，语气比accurate强，常后接介词in无比较级或最高级形式，用例：He is always exact in his wordsI can hardly find an exact word to express What is the exact size of the room?precise 意为“准确的、精确的”，着重指具有高度的精确度和准确性，表示连详情细节都精确无误、分毫不差，因此有时含有过于讲究细节甚至吹毛求疵的意味，常后接介词in前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：He is precise in a11 his habits It is
9、hard to give a precise definition to it【 acute，keen，sharp】adj.定，表，补敏锐的acute 意为“敏锐的、精明的”，强调对别人不易察觉的细微差别的感受性，也可表示只能短时间内保持的高度神经紧张状态，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：Her judgment is acute He has an acute awareness of the slightest ambiguity in each statement made by his opponentWith his acute mind，he was a
10、ble to find an answer quicklykeen 意为“敏捷的、敏锐的”，强调机敏过人或非凡的洞察力，同时还带有精力旺盛并令人信服地解决艰深复杂问题的意味，有时比喻目光敏捷，既能明察秋毫又能见木见材，后加er，est 构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：a keen intelligenceThe retired presidents insight is as keen as before Is your grandfathers eyesight still keen?sharp 意为“敏锐的、灵敏的、机敏的”，通常表示天分极高，而不一定在某一领域受过专门教育，强调聪慧、精明、
11、敏于观察和利用，有时含有狡猾之义，后加er，est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：He is old but his mind is still sharp n takes sharp eyes to see the flaw You wont catch himHe is very sharp【acute，nasty，urgent】 adj. 定，表，补严重的，急迫的acute 意为“严重的、激烈的”，通常修饰已使危 机恶化了的缺乏或需求，有时也修饰其它一些紧急情况，该词在医学上表示“急性的”，前接 more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式；用例：an acute water shor
12、tage the acute problem of air pollution in citiesThe doctors think his illness is acute rather than chronicnasty 意为“严重的、凶险的”，在不正式的用法中，该词可以形容任何严厉的、严重的或者有害的行为，后加er，est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：She old him that she wouldnt put up with his nasty remarks any longerI have a nasty cold this morningurgent 常用词，意为“紧迫的、急
13、促的”，该词常修饰某种紧急情况，表示接近危机状态，前接 more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：The matter is urgent；we must do it now The refugees are in urgent need of help I received an urgent message from my father telling me to return home at once【adequate，enough，sufficient】 adj.定，表，补充足的 本组词无比较级或最高级形式。 adequate 较正式用词，意为“充分的、足够的”，指数量或
14、程度上符合某一特定或最低要求，用例：The supply is not adequate to the demand. We took adequate food for a short camping holiday/ Is your salary adequate to support a family of five? enough 常用词，意为“足够的、充足的”，多指数量、份量或程度上能满足需求或愿望，特别是物质上的需要，作定语时多置于所修饰的名词之前，但也可置于其后(强调该名词时，名词在前；反之，该名词在后。用例：We have enough money，so why dont we
15、 have a good meal? We have time enough to get to the airport The food iS enough for a11 of usPlease dont worry sufficient 正式用词，意为“足够的、充分的”，在很多情况下，可与enough通用，主要表示实际需要能够得到满足，作定语时只可置于所修饰的名词之前，用例：Is one hundred yuan sufficient for the expenses of your journey?The poor child didnt have sufficient clothin
16、g for the winterHe has sufficient authority to allow them to do this【adult，mature】 adj.成年的，成熟的 这两个词可指已经完成了生命最初阶段的成长期和发展期的任何生物。adult 定用于修饰人时，指其生理上已过于青少年期，法律上也已达到法定年龄。该词暗示一个年龄分界线，例如18岁或21岁，无比较级 或最高级形式，用例：adult education adult entertainmentAre these films suitable for adult women only?mature 定，表，补修饰人时，
17、常着重表示其智力、智慧及体力“成熟”，而并无严格的具体年龄界定，可前接more，the most或后加er，est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：He is not mature enough to be given too much responsibility/ She is very mature for her age【advanced，progressive】 adj.定，表，补先进的，进步的 这两个词前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式。 advanced 意为“先进的、高级的”，多表示时间上和位置上处于前面的，或者在发展过程中早已超出最初阶段的，用例：advance
18、d science and technology He has advanced ideas The United States has an aircraft Of an advanced design progressive 意为“进步的、先进的”，多表示与落后的和反动的相比较而言先进的或进步的，亦可表示不断前进的，用例progressive ideasprogressive changes a progressive political party This is a very progressive firm that uses the most modern system 【afra
19、id，fearful】 adj. 害怕的 这两个词前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式。 afraid 常用词，表示人害怕或担心，只作表语，用例：Shes much afraid Of dogs Im afraid that I cant come tomorrowShe is afraid to come alone 注意短语be afraid to do something表示“害怕、不敢做某事”，而短语be afraid of doing something表示“担心(会产生某种结果)”，用例：1wasafraid to wake him up意为“我不敢唤醒他。”而I
20、was afraid of waking him up意为“我怕把他惊醒。” fearful 定，表，补意为“胆怯的、害怕的”，指人处于害怕的境况之中，心中不安、感到忧虑，担心的成分多于惊慌，可后接介词of或that从句，用例：The old man is fearful of falling They were fearful that the river would flood She is fearful in case something happens to him【aggressive，bold，brave，courageous heroic】adj. 定，表，补敢作敢为的，勇敢的
21、，英勇的 aggressive 指长期一贯的性格、性质。用作褒义词时，多表示在事业上“敢作敢为的、有进取心的”，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：If you want to be a success in business you must be aggressiveAn aggressive young man can go far in this firm用作贬义词时，表示“爱寻衅的、有侵略性的”，用例：An aggressive country is always ready to start a warSome dogs are trained to be
22、aggressive，bold 可以指长期一贯的性格，也可以指一时的表现。用作褒义词时，意为“勇敢的、无畏的”， 强调勇往直前、无所惧怕，后加-er，est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：I determined to be bold and speak the truth a bold new venture in space science；用作贬义词时，有“冒失的、卤莽的”之义，用例：She is a bold childOne student was so bold as to argue with the professorbrave 褒义词，意为“英勇的、勇敢的”，可以指长期一贯的性
23、格，也可以是时的表现，强调在危险面前无所畏惧，后加-er，est构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：I was brave of her to go into the burning building The boy was very brave about his operationcourageous 文学用词，意为“勇敢的”，强调行为中表现出勇气，前接more，the most构成比较 级和最高级形式，用例：It was courageous of her to go into the burning house to save the childWhat a courageous thing
24、 to do!heroic 褒义词，意为“英勇的”，强调像英雄般勇敢、伟大，多指时的表现，前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式，用例：She died a heroic death Her behavior was indeed heroic【agreeable，favorable，pleasant】Adj. 定，表，补)令人愉快的，讨人喜欢的 本组词前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式。agreeable 正式用词，指因与对方的气质、兴趣、爱好、情感等相和而“令人愉悦的”，用例：She has an agreeable voice。 The designs a
25、re agreeable to the taste of this market He replied with an agreeable cultured intonationfavorable 表示“讨人喜欢的”时，侧重指行为举止赢得赞许，此义不常用，用例：He made a favorable impression on his future employerHer table manner was favorablepleasant 常用词，表示“令人愉快、讨人喜欢”时，要有两种含义：1)指事物或事情引起感官或情感愉悦，用例：What a pleasant taste the food
26、 has! / How pleasant the riverside walk was! / It was a pleasant surprise to see her again2)特指人因其独特的外表、举止而“令人愉快、讨人喜欢”，用例：a pleasant lad Your brother iS a very pleasant person to stay with【alert，careful，cautious】 adj.定，表，补仔细的，谨慎的 本组词前接more，the most构成比较级和最高级形式。alert 意为“警惕的、警觉的”，指思想高度集中地注视着可能发生的事件，尤其是危
27、险的、恐怖的事件，可后接介词to引出警惕的对象，用例：You must be alert to the danger around you/She is always alert during lessons/ They are alert soldierscareful 意为“仔细的、细心的”，指做事细心，连细节也不疏忽，用例：He is a more careful driver than I am. /You cant be too careful in examscautious 意为“小心的、谨慎的”，多表示所有方面都慎重考虑周全后才开始行动，也可表示行 为中带有迟疑、尝试甚至胆怯，
28、可后接介词of引出慎重对待的对象，用例：Cautious people dont take chancesYou must be cautious of being hurt this timeBe cautious when you are swimming in deep water【 alien，contrary，converse，opposite reverse】 adj.相反的 本组词无比较级或最高级形式，除reverse外均可作定，表，补。alien 正式用词，意为“相反的、性质不同的”，强调在性质或性格等方面相反的、迥异的，作表语时常后接介词from或to，用例：an effec
29、t utterly alien from the one intended /Their ideas are completely alien to our way of thinkingcontrary 意为“相反的”，一般用于修饰意见、计划、目的等意义抽象的概念，有时带有矛盾或敌对的意味，作表语时常后接介词to，用例：Your statement is contrary to the facts/ That decision was contrary to my wishes/ What you have done is contrary to the doctors order conv
30、erse 专业用词，指方向、作用方面“相反的”，用例：converse windin converse direction；也可指次序方面“颠倒的”，用例：The converse order of the English alphabet is from Z to A.opposite 常用词，意为“对立的、对面的、相反 的”，指两个彼此尖锐对立的抽象事物，如观点、 条件、陈述、性质或力量，但没有contrary所含的“矛盾、敌对”的意义，用例：What is on the opposite side of the coin? / “True”and “false”have opposite
31、 meanings该词作表语时后接介词to，用例：His political position is opposite to oursreverse 意为“相反的、倒转的”，与converse意义一致，指事物的顺序颠倒或运动的方向相反， 多作定语用例：It would be funny to begin at Z and write the dictionary in reverse order/move in the reverse direction。【 alien，foreign, strange】 adj.定，表，补陌生的alien 意为“陌生的、外来的”，强调一种事情与另一件事情完全不同，根本没有联系或不可能组 成一个整体，含有嫌恶、反感、排外的意味，无比较级或最高级形式，用例：He would often adopt certain modes of thought that he knows to be really alien to his nature/These principles are alien to our religionforeign 意为“陌生的、异质的、外来的”，强调某种事情由于与另一件事情
