1、Get格雅英语系动词详解英语系动词详解系动词，亦称连系动词Linking Verb，是用来帮助说明主语的动词。它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。在英语中，系动词的功能主要是把表语名词、形容词、某些副词、非谓词、介词短语、从句和它的主语联系在一起，说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态。它有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语，必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它虽是虚词，但是其用法是复杂的，而且不可无视。关于连系动词后接不定式 连系动词 be (am,is,are)后根据情况可自由地接不定式作表语：1).My dream is t
2、o be a scientist. 我的梦想是当一名科学家。2).All you have to do is to listen. 你只需要听。 seem, appear, prove, turn out, grow 等连系动词后也可接不定式(尤其是 to be)短语作表语：1).The man seemed to be ill. 这个人好似病了。2).The plan proved to be useful. 这个方案证明是有用的。3).He appears to know this. 他好似知道这一点。4).The weather turned out to be fine. 天气结果很好
3、。5).He has grown to like studying English. 他渐渐喜欢学英语了。假设所接不定式为to be，通常可以省略to be。 sound, smell, feel, taste, become 等连系动词后通常不能接不定式：(也可以理解为用主动表被动误：These oranges taste to be good. (应去掉 to be)误：The roses smell to be nice. (应去掉 to be)连系动词look后有时也可接to be，但以省略to be为多。用法总结：一般地，系动词后接表语：包括形容词原级、比拟级和最高级均可加、不定式等
4、。系动词的主要分类：1状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。2持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lay, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seem
5、s (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.
6、 她没多长时间就富了。6终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达证实，变成之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的方案终于成功了。turn out表终止性结果常见类型归纳：be动词am，is，are，感官动词feel，look，smell，sound，taste，seem，“变得词get，become，turn，grow，“保持keep，stay。1.系动词be是最重要的，主语不同，be的
7、形式也不同，且有时态的变化。通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等，后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。特别要注意“由be+过去分词所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词所构成的被动语态的区别。前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed.后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed by me.还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing所构成的进行时态的区别。前者侧重于说明主语
8、具有的特征或存在的状态，也可说明主语是什么。如：My job is teaching English.后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如：Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。表示人体感官的系动词有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容词；表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，come，fall，prove等，后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词，become后面接单数名词时，名词前要用不定冠词，turn后面接单数名词时，
9、名词前不用不定冠词；表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue，keep，remain，stay，stand lie，rest，stay等，后面接表示状态的形容词；表示判断的系动词有seem和appear，后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。4.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词，又可以做实义动词的用法。系动词局部主要注意：其后
10、要求接形容词，而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例：The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意：在这句话里，taste做系动词，不能使用进行时，后面接形容词。The chief is tasting the fish carefully.厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意：在这句话中，taste做实意动词，可以使用进行时，并且后面接副词做状语。系动词用法应注意的七个问题1系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论
11、。一般地说，状态系动词无进行时态，而动态系动词有进行时态。但是在某些情况下，状态系动词也有进行时态，表示两个用途：一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如：He is being kind.一时而不能持久的性质他装出和蔼可亲的样子。二是表示一种探询口气，使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如：I hope you are keeping well.语气委婉我希望你保持健康。Are you feeling any better?语气亲切你感觉好了些吗？试比拟：Your hand feels cold.无意识的静态性质。你的手摸起来冰凉。不可以说：Your hand is feeling cold.()但可以说：
12、The doctor is feeling her pulse.有意识的动态动作医生正在给她拿脉。The soup tastes good.静态性质，无进行时这汤的味道不错。The cook is tasting the soup.动态动作，有进行时厨师在尝汤的味道。总之，系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。我们在概述某一动词的进行时态时，不能笼统地说feel，smell无进行时，应指出其意义及其语用环境。例如smell的用法可见一斑。smell作“嗅觉的能力时，虽是实义动词，但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态，常与can, could, be able to连用。T
13、he camels can smell the water a mile off.骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。指“嗅、闻的动作时，实义动词，可用于进行时态。The girl is smelling the flower.这姑娘正在闻那朵花。smell指“含有气味，“发出气味等事物性质时，半系动词，无进行时态。The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。2系动词的时态与形容词的比拟级连用的问题。某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比拟级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越。例如：He is growing talle
14、r and taller.他长得越来越高了。Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活是越来越好了。The things are getting worse.情况是越来越糟了。3所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。英语中某动词在作系动词用时，无被动语态，而作实义动词用时，才有被动语态，二者不可混为一谈。例如：不能说：The apple is tasted good.因为taste此时是系动词，“尝起来之意，指的是苹果的性质，无被动语态但我们可以说：The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。taste此时指“尝一尝这一动作
15、，有被动语态因此，在平时的英语教学和学习之，要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法，要注意区分、识别。4瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段，since+时间点，how long until+时间,by + 时间，so far等直接连用。例如：不能说：He has become a teacher for 2 years.应改为：He has been a teacher for 2 years.不能说：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.应改为：He has been
16、a writer since 3 years ago.或It is three years since he turned writer.不能说：He got angry until his child came back home.应改为：He didnt get angry until his child came back home.5系动词能接几种表语从句系动词除了接adj.n.prep.短语，某些adv.以外，还可接以下几种表语形式：能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有：look看起来，smell闻起来，sound听起来，feel觉得；appear显得，seem似乎。
17、例如：It looks as if we are going to have snow.看样子天要下雪了。He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看来好似刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。She seemed as if (though) she couldnt understand why Laura was there.看来她好似不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。It sounds to me as though theres a tap running somewhere.我好似听到某处水龙头流水的声音。
18、She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那条河好似笼罩在烟雾之中。It seems as if it were spring already.好似已是春天了。可用于“It+系动词+that从句结构的有：seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如：It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好似他在工作中犯了严重错误。It appeared that he w
19、as talking to himself.好似他在自言自语。能用不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子们。He seems not to look after the children.他似乎没有照顾孩子。She looks to be a young girl of twenty year-old.她看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。He didnt appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。My advice p
20、roved to be wrong.我的建议证明是错误的。He will grow to like this work gradually.他会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。能与there连用的系动词有：be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room.那儿好似只有一个房间。There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎没有必要走。6能用两种否认形式的系动词有两个：seem, appear.举例说明：It doesnt seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we
21、cant get our money back.He seems not to be her father.= He doesnt seem to be her father.The baby doesnt appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.7后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个：第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等)；第二个是get，口语中常用。当二者作系动词用时，它们均表示一种存在状态，而不表示被动动作；当二者作助动词用时，后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。Be + 过去分词常可
22、以用Get+过去分词来代替，但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。Get+过去分词常用于以下两种情况：1表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了表示意想不到The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。表突发性著名学者周海中教授在论文?Get-Passive研究?中指出：Get+过去分词的被动语态是一种新兴的被动语态形式；相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的被动语态那么广泛，一般限于口语和非正式书面语；但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势，是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象
23、。12表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。John got injured while playing football last Saturday.约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。另外，要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。8.系动词与动词的区别系动词亦称联系动词Link Verb，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语亦称补语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。但是，有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语。例如： He felt
24、 ill yesterday.他昨天病了。felt是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。He fell off the bike.他从自行车上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。但是，有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词。例如： We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。have是实义动词。He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。have是助动词。动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词、不及物动词，英语缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.。但是，
25、同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如： She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。sing在此用作不及物动词。She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。sing用作及物动词。怎样区分编辑连系动词多有自己的意思，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语名词、形容词，或与之相当的词类、短语、从句一起构成合成谓语。最常用的连系动词为be系动词，即完全连系动词，另外还有look，turn，feel，get，become，sound，smell，stand，go，remain等半连系动词。无论是完全连系动词还是半连系动词、后面都
26、有表语。半连系动词是由实意动词变来的，分辨该动词为实意动词还是半连系动词可以尝试用比拟法和替换法。系动词比拟法比拟以下各组句子1.A Please look at the blackboard请看黑板。B He looked a perfect fool他看上去是个十足的神经病2.ATurn to Page 16翻到 16页。BHe turned traitor to his country他背叛了祖国。3.AHe felt it his duty to help others他认为帮助别人是自己的责任。BI felt very hungry after a long walk走了一段长路，我
27、感到很饿。4. me some ink给我一些墨水。BOur motherland is getting stronger and stronger我们国家变得越来越强大了。5.ASuch words do not become a scholar那样的话不像出自学者之口。BSome of the fields became covered with water一些田地覆盖着水。6.AThis black key on the piano wont sound这钢琴上的黑键按下去不响。B The story sounds interesting这故事听起来很有趣。7.A.I am sure I
28、 smell gas我肯定闻到了煤气味。BTheflowers smell sweet花朵散发芳香。8.AHe was too weak to stand他太虚弱，不能站立。BHolding the note in his hand，he stood there dumbfounded他拿着钞票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。9.AHe goes to school early every morning.他每天早上很早上学。B They went mad他们发狂了。10.A I remained 3 weeks in Paris我在巴黎逗留了三周。BHe never remained satisfie
29、d with his success他从不满足于自己的成绩。系动词替换法分析以上10组句子我们不难看出B组动词均为连系动词，因为如果我们把动词 be是的适当形式替代斜体动词，句子能够成立，后面的成分即是表语。1He was a perfect fool2He was a traitor to his country.3I was very hungry after a long walk4Our motherland is stronger and stronger5Some of the land was covered with water6The story is interesting
30、7The flowers are sweet8Holding the note in his hand，he was there dumbfounded9They were mad10He was never satisfied with his success反之，如果把 be是动词的适当形式替代 A组动词，句子那么不能成立，无法解释，A组动词均不为连系动词：*lPlease be at the blackboard*2Be to Page l6*3He was if his duty to help others*4Be me some ink*5Such words are not a
31、scholar*6The black key on the piano wont be*7I am sure I am gas*8He was too weak to be*9He is to school early every morning*10I was 3 weeks in Paris另外半连系动词是由实意动词变来的。所以把含有半连系动词的句子改为疑问句时，一定要用助动词。例如：1 Do they look tired？2Has she got ready？3Did it become much more expensive to travel abroad？不管完全连系动词或半连系动词，它们都有时态的变化
