1、初中宾语从句讲解练习及答案1在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。eg, He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语) He asks him how long Mike has been down . (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语)2 宾语从句的引导词有三类：(1) 以that 引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句， that可以省略。eg, The radio says (that) the clouds will lift later o
2、n.She told me (that) she would like to go with us.(2) 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。从句是陈述语序eg, Could you tell me whats the matter with u?I want to know how soon it will begin.(3) 以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思
3、或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei .3宾语从句的时态(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时，从句可用所需要的任何时态。 eg, I want to know what time he got up this morning.You are telling me that you wont stop until tomorrow?(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时， 从句要用于过去有关的时态。eg,They asked what Jean was doin
4、g now . Linda said that the train had left.(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。eg, Lisa asked whether light travels faster than sound. Polly said no news is a good news注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用ifeg, We are talking about whether well go on the pinic.2. 引导词与动词不定式或 not
5、 连用时， 只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next. Could you tell me whether u go or not?在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否
6、真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我3. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether.eg, You cant work the plan out if you dont have the
7、meeting . 4.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时，这时不能用whether.He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 5.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时，这时不能用whether.He talks as if he has known all about it. 宾语从句的否定转移：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you lik
8、e that.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the p
9、roject, havent you?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed
10、 the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?练习题(1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing foot
11、ball,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句
12、中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 2、 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 3、 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I
13、cant tell him that his mother died. 4、当it作形式宾语时 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。5、当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe6、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; 例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！1. The teacher ask
14、ed the students _.A. if they were interested in dinosaurs B. when was Albert Einstein bornC. what they will do with the computers D. how many trees they have planted解析：宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序，答案B首先删去，主句一般过去式，从句要用于过去有关的时态，删去答案C和D,答案A中的if 意为如果.应选A2. Could you tell me _ ?A. what the matter is with you B. what w
15、as the matter with youC. hats the matter with you D. whats the wrong with you .解析：what 就是从句的主语，whats the matter with you 本身就是陈述语序，因此删掉A; 主句可看作是委婉的请求，并是一般过去式，可删去答案B; wrong 前不用加the, 因此此题选 C.3.He asked me _ I could sing the song My Heart will Go On. A. if B. weather C.what D. that解析：此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代词，故删去
16、D；weather 意为天气，根据句意应选A.4.Our teacher told us that the moon _ round the earth. A. went B. turned C.go D. turns解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D5. It makes no difference _.A. whether will you come tomorrow.B. Whether or not will be pass the examC. If he will come to the meeting or notD. Whether he will
17、 come to the meeting or not解析：答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if 不能与 not 连用。因此此题选D6. They dont know _ their parents are. A.that B. what C. why D. which解析：what 表示职业， 因此选B.7. I am sure _ you said is true. A. what B. that C. which D. who 解析：根据句意应用what , 做said 的内容， 你所说的话。应选A.8. The old man told us _ and _. A. to do wh
18、at , to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do , how to do解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词， 因此需接宾语才正确应选C练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！ 1.-Do you know when the World Cup _ next week?- Next Friday. When it _, I will ring you.A. begins, begin
19、s B. begins, will begin C. will begin, will begin D. will begin, begins2.- Today or tomorrow? - What are you talking about?- We are talking about _ to give a talk on WTO. A. how B. where C. when D. what3. I wonder _. A. where does he live B. where he live C. he lives where D. where he lives4. - Are
20、you sure you have to ? Its been very late. - I dont know _ I can do it if not now. A. where B. why C. when D. how5. -Would you please tell me _? - In a small village near Niingbo. A. where was your mother born B. where your mother was born C. when was your mother born D. when your mother was born6.
21、The photograph will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like7. - Can you guess if they _ to play basketball with us? - I think theyll come if they _ free. A.will come, will be B. will come, are C. co
22、me, are D. come, will be8. -Where does he come from ? - Pardon? - I asked where_. A. did he come from B. he came from C. he comes from D. does he come from9. She wondered _. A. how much he cost the computer B. how much he paid for the computer C. how much the computer will cost him D. how much did h
23、e spend on the computer10. -Do you know _? - Im not sure. Maybe he is a businessman. A. who he is B. who is he C. what he does D. what does he do (二). 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? (四).直接引语与间接引语引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从
24、句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词与主句联接。直接引语变间接引语：1、变人称（动词的变化可根据实际情况，可用say, tell, ask, beg等）如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句的人称变化。She said, “My brother wants to go shopping with me.”She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.如果从句中的主语或宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第
25、一人称。He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?”He asked to Kate how her sister was then.He said, “You are too clever.” He said to me I was too clever. He said he was too clever.He asked, “Is your father older than your mother?” He asked me if my father is older than my mother.如果从句中的主语或宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修
26、饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。Mr. Smith said, “Jack (he) is a good student.” Mr. Smith said Jack (he) was a good boy.2、变时态主句时态为一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时态要做相应的变化：一般现在时变为一般过去时, 现在进行时变为过去进行时, 一般将来时变为过去将来时现在完成时变为过去完成时, 一般过去时变为过去完成时, 过去完成时仍为过去完成时过去进行时仍为过去进行时 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下： 直接引语 间接引语 today that day now t
27、hen, at that moment yesterday the day before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day / the following day the day after tomorrow two days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etc the week / month etc. before here there this that the
28、se those come go bring take 以下情况时态不变主句时态为各种现在时或一般将来时He says, “I cleaned the room.” He says he cleaned the room.直接引语是客观真理The teacher said, “The earth moves around the sun.” The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.直接引语中的情态动词没有过去式或已为过去式The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” The d
29、octor said I should better stay in bed for 2 days.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语Jack said, “I was born on April 21, 1980.” Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变成间接引语时态不变。 He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning.3、变状语时间状语变化：now 变为then；yesterday变为the day before; today 变为that day.He said, “I want to go swimming now.” He said he wanted to go swimming then.地点状语变化(尤其表示方向性的)：here 变为thereHe said, “You should come here at 7:00.” He said I should go there at 7:00.指示代词变化：this 变为thatHe said, “This b
