1、中考英语二轮复习第4讲名词冠词代词讲义名词、冠词、代词【知识点睛】一、名词难点1：某国人变复数国家人(单数)人(复数)China JapanEnglandFranceGermanyIndiaAmericaAustraliaItalyArabCanadaEurope难点2：双重所有格VS of所有格a picture of my teachers a picture of my teacher我老师的一张照片（强调我老师的众多照片中的一张，不一定是我老师本人）我老师本人的一张照片（强调我老师本人）难点3：名词作定语运动会：a _ meeting two _ meetings服装店：a _ sto
2、re two _ stores男教师：a _ teacher two _ teachers女医生：a _ doctor five _ doctors除这个别名词外，其余名词作定语要用_，如“许多苹果树many _ trees”。二、冠词（一）冠词分类 _、_、_（二）不定冠词的用法1. 用于单数可数名词前，泛指“某一、任一”2. 用于序数词(除first外)前，表示“再一、又一”3. 用于固定搭配中：a few/little/bit; have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest; (感冒)_; (玩得高兴)_; in a hurry; for a w
3、hile; keep a diary; (帮助某人) _（三）定冠词的用法1. the表示特指_：Kim has a cat. The cat is black. _：Lets go to the supermarket! _：I know the girl in red. 2. the表示“独一无二”3. the + 序数词，eg: on _ second floor4. the + 形容词原级，表示“一类人”，eg: 老人：_5. the + 形容词比较级，_ _ (tall) of the two boys6. the + 形容词最高级，eg: _ most beautiful city
4、7. the + 年份的复数，表示某年代，in the 1990s8. 用在姓氏的复数前，指代一家人或夫妻，eg: 格林一家_9. 西洋乐器的名词前加 play _ piano10. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the，eg: the Great Wall11. 用在固定短语中：in the morning/afternoon/evening; in the daytime; in the end; (一直)_; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; (在岁时)_; at the beginning of; on the other si
5、de of; in the middle of; at the moment （四）零冠词的用法 1. 不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时前面用零冠词。 Man cant live without water. Horses are domestic animals. 2. 某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国名、物质名词、抽象名词表示泛指时前面用零冠词。 China is a great country. Mary lives in New York. 3. 名词前已有名词所有格，物主代词或this, that, every修饰时，用零冠词。Every student likes English in
6、our _ class.A. a B. an C. the D. / 4. 在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等前面用零冠词，但若特指某年的某月或某年的某季节时，要在月份、季节前加the。 June 1st is Childrens Day. Spring comes after winter. He was born in _ autumn of 1990. 5. 表示称呼或表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补语时用零冠词。 This is Professor Li. 6. 三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前用零冠词。 have _ breakfast play _ football Do you lik
7、e _ English?7. “专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的名词前用零冠词。 Huanghe Road 8. by + 交通工具，交通工具名词前使用零冠词。by _ bus on _ bus9. 在公共假日、节日名词前用零冠词。New Years Day, Womens Day10. 在某些固定短语中：day and night; face to face; side by side; step by step; at school / work / home; (在危险中)_; in bed; in time; at noon/night/dawn; (值日)_难点1：
8、用a还是an ?a用在以_开头的单词或字母前an用在以_开头的单词或字母前在26个字母中，单个字母前用不定冠词an的有_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_以字母U开头的常见单词_ university _ useful book _ ugly man _ umbrella _ unhappy man _ unusual story _ used car 难点2：名词被such, half, what, many, so, how, too, quite, rather, very等修饰时，不定冠词的位置问题例如：_ such _ honest _ boy half hour what
9、 nice day very interesting story many man so nice girl how nice film quite good book rather useful tool 三、代词（一）人称代词、物主代词、反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单复单复单复人称代词（主格）Iweyouyouhesheitthey人称代词（宾格）形物代名物代反身代词难点1：代词的用法This morning _(她) invited _(我) to _(她的) birthday party. The party is _(她的), not _(我的).难点2：反身代词的常用短语自学_
10、 自学_苏醒_ 独自_随便吃_ 玩得愉快_伤着某人自己_难点3：人称代词主格作主语的语序单数形式(二、三、一) _, _ and _ (I, he/she, you)复数形式(一、二、三) _, _ and _(we, they, you)承认错误时(第一人称放前) _ and _ (I, John)难点4：人称代词it用法小结1. 指代前面提到过的事物。 Do you use your dictionary now? Can I borrow _? Mom, my friend has a beautiful skirt. I want _, too. 2. 用来代替指示代词this或tha
11、t。 Whats this? _ a pen. 3. 指不明性别的婴儿或不明身份的人。 Someone is knocking at the door. Please go and see who _ is. 4. 指时间或季节。Whats the time now? Its ten oclock. 5. 表天气。Whats the weather like? Its sunny. 6. 表距离。How far is it from home to school? 7. 用作_。 It is adj. (for / of sb.) + to do sth.Its ones turn / dut
12、y to do sth.Its adj. that8. 用作形式宾语 Do you think/find _ + adj. to do sth.?（二）疑问代词Who wants to go with me? who作_、_Who are you talking about? To whom are you talking? 宾从：Can you tell me _?Whose book is this? whose作_Whats your father? He is a worker. what询问_Who is that girl? She is my sister. who询问_What
13、 would you like? Id like a cup of juice. what没有_Which do you like, spring or summer? which有_(which指一定范围内，特指的人或物)（三）不定代词：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。some (something，somebody，someone)any (anything，anybody，anyone)no (nothing，nobody，no one) every (everything，everybody，everyone)all，each，both，much，many，(a) l
14、ittle，(a) few，other(s)，another，none，one，either， neither等一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。复合不定代词/副词some一些any任何；一些no 无every每个somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomewhereanywherenowhereeverywhere1. 复合不定代词作主语时，都作_看待，其谓语动词用_ 形式。2. 复合不定代词/副词若有定语修饰，该定语要放在复合不定代词/副词_
15、。For lunch, we had something very specialMalaysian yellow noodles.Do you have anything to say?Can you find _ (else, anyone)?Did you go _ (interesting, somewhere)?两者三者其一都都不两者三者及以上either / neither of + 名词/代词复数 + 谓语动词_数eitheror或neithernor连接两个名词作主语，需要遵循_原则肯定否定肯定否定修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词other一族：泛指（3者/部之一）特指（两者/部
16、之一）单数another /another onethe other /the other one复数others/other onesthe others/the other onesWe have two cats. _ is black and _ is white. A. One; one B. One; the other C. One; other D. One; another 其他each & every 每一个There are trees on _ side of the road._ student passed the exam._ of us wears a yell
17、ow T-shirt.each强调_，作主语时，谓语动词用_形式。另外，其可以用来指_或_以上的人或物。every强调_，修饰名词时谓语动词要用_ 形式。只可以用来指_或_以上的人或物。each可以用作_，而every不可以。（each of）如：Each of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.【精讲精练】一、单项选择( )1. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it.A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water( )2. Whats in the
18、 cupboard?A few _, but little _.A. apples; coffee B. coffee; applesC. apple; coffees D. coffee; apples( )3. He gave us _ on how to protect eyes.A. some advices B. some adviceC. an advice D. a advice( )4. The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes farm and saw many _ there.A. bird B. duck C. sheep D. rabb
19、it( )5. A group of _ are talking with two _ over there.A. Frenchmen; Germans B. Frenchmen; GermenC. German; Frenchmen D. Germans; Frenchmans( )6. There are _ and _ on the table.A. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangesB. two boxes cake; four bottle of orangeC. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of ora
20、ngeD. two boxs of cakes; four bottles of orange( )7. _ mothers are _ teachers. A. Lucys and Mary; woman B. Lucy and Mary; woman C. Lucys and Marys; women D. Lucy and Marys; women ( )8. With whom did you watch 2014 World Cup Opening Ceremony?_.A. A friend of mine B. A friend of me C. A friend of my s
21、ister D. A friend of you ( )9. How far is it from your home to school? Its about twenty _ walk. A. minutes B. minutes C. minutes D. minute ( )10. There is no _ that phones play an important part in modern life. A. question B. problem C. answer D. doubt ( )11. He was born in Italy, but he had made Ch
22、ina his _. A. family B. address C. house D. home ( )12. The customers are pleased with the _ of the restaurant. A. balance B. experience C. surface D. service ( )13. Why didnt Sally play the violin at the concert last night? She said that her hand hurt, but that was only a (n) _. I saw her play tenn
23、is just now.A. matter B. excuse C. result D. expression( )14. _ it is today!A. What fine weather B. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather( )15. This class _ now. Miss Gao teaches them.A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying( )16. How many _can you see in th
24、e picture?Only one.A. dog B. sheep C. child D. cat( )17. Well, you look so happy!Because I got a good _.A. work B. news C. job D. advice( )18. A spaceship flies at about eleven kilometers _ second.A. / B. the C. a D. an( )19. The operation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ danger.A. a, th
25、e B. a, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填, 不填( )20. As _ writer, he was _ complete failure.A. a, a B. a, the C. 不填, 不填 D. a, 不填( )21. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _.A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday( )22. As is known to us all, _ tiger is in _ danger of becoming exti
26、nct.A. the, a B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the( )23. As we know, England is _ European country and Singapore is _ Asian country.A. an; an B. an; a C. a; a D. a; an( )24. There is _ “o” and _ “x” in “box”.A. a; an B. an; a C. a; a D. an; an( )25. _ Greens are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day.A. / B. A C. An D. The( )26. The education of _ young is always _ hot
