1、小初高学习通用版版高考英语一轮复习Unit4AstronomythescienceoftheUnit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars一、单词表词汇全查验运用多媒体，提问默写词汇.阅读词汇(英译汉)第一屏听写1astronomy n 天文学2astronomer n. 天文学家3solar adj. 太阳的；日光的4billion pron.&n.& adj. 英万亿；美十亿5carbon n. 碳6dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散7acid n. 酸 第二屏听写8mammal n 哺乳动物9dioxide n. 二氧化物10extinct
2、 adj. 灭绝的；绝种的11lessen vi.& vt. 减少；减轻12weightlessly adv. 失重地13solar system 太阳系14carbon dioxide 二氧化碳_ .高频词汇(汉译英)第三屏听写1system n 系统；体系；制度2religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰3theory n. 学说；理论4violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的5atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛6unlike prep. 与不同；不像7fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的 第四屏听写8presence n 出席；到场；存在9harmful adj.
3、有害的10chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链11reaction n. 反应；回应12multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加13oxygen n. 氧14exist vi. 存在；生存15thus adv. 因此；于是 第五屏听写16puzzle n 谜；难题vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难17biology n. 生物学18biologist n. 生物学家19gravity n. 万有引力；重力20satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星21gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的 第六屏听写22physicist n 物理学家23climate n. 气候24crash vi
4、.& vt. 碰撞；坠落25spaceship n. 宇宙飞船26pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力27float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物 第七屏听写28globe n 球体；地球仪；地球29exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽30in_time 及时；终于31lay_eggs 下蛋32give_birth_to 产生；分娩33in_ones_turn 轮到某人34prevent_._from 阻止；制止 第八屏听写35block_out 挡住(光线)36cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋37now_that 既然38break_out 突发
5、；爆发39watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防40get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解 二、单元核心考点初热身提供语境，单元考点自测回顾(一)分类识记单词用时少功效高识记单词写对.知其意(英译汉)1.astronomy n天文学2.globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球3.carbon n. 碳4.dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散5.mammal n. 哺乳动物6.dioxide n. 二氧化物.写其形(汉译英)1.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛2.chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链3.thus adv. 因此；于是4.gravity n 万有引力
6、；重力5.satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星6.gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的7.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船8.pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力9.multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加核心单词练通1.Those anxious for reform say that the present system (系统) is too narrow.2.Some experts think reading is the fundamental (基本的) skill upon which school education depends. 3.A truck
7、went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus.4.He found something floating (漂浮) on the lake, which frightened him.5.Unlike (不像) his brother he is talkative and has a sense of humour.6.Accustomed to the climate (气候) in the countryside, the old couple prefer not to move to the city.7.He
8、 had exhausted (使精疲力尽) himself carrying all the boxes upstairs.拓展单词用活记全记牢1.religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的2.theory n学说；理论theoretical adj.理论的；理论性的3.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地4.harmful adj.有害的harm n& v伤害harmless adj.无害的5.exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存6.puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑
9、；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的7.globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的用准用活1.The harmful materials became harmless to the environment after being dealt with.(harm)2.Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)3.Last night we had a
10、discussion, which became more and more violent. Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)4.There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)5.He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but mean
11、while he respects others religious freedom. (religion)1.后缀ist名词荟萃biologist生物学家tourist 旅游者；游客physicist 物理学家scientist 科学家psychologist 心理学家2.“推，拉”家族pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力draw vt.& vi. 拖；拉drag vt.& n. 拖；拉；拽push v& n. 推，推动(力)3.un前缀高频形容词全接触unlike与不同；不像uncertain 不确定的unclear 不清楚的uncomfortable 不舒服的unfair 不公平的
12、 (二)语段串记短语不枯燥兴趣高先 写 对再 用 准第一组1.in_time及时；终于2.prevent_._from 阻止；制止3.now_that 既然4.cheer_up_ 感到高兴；感到振奋5.lay_eggs 下蛋6.give_birth_to 产生；分娩Now_that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health, we should take effective measures to prevent it from getting bad to worse. No matter what happens, w
13、e must cheer_up and try to reduce the pollution. If we keep on, well succeed in_time.第二组1.in_ones_turn 轮到某人2.watch_out_for 密切注意；当心；提防3.depend_on 依靠；取决于4.break_out 突发；爆发5.block_out 挡住(光线)6.get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解A fire broke_out in the building last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time a
14、nd put out the fire. We were warned to watch_out_for electricity and gas when cooking our meals. Thanks to the firefighters help, we were not injured. They are the men that we can depend_on when we are in trouble.1.“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达(1)阻止某人做某事 (2)禁止某人做某事prevent sb. from doing sth. prohibit sb. from d
15、oing sth.stop sb. from doing sth. ban sb. from doing sth.keep sb. from doing sth. forbid sb. from doing sth.2.“动词out”短语荟萃block out挡住(光线) break out 突发；爆发find out 查出；弄明白 look/watch out 当心；提防put out 扑灭 run out 用完let out 泄露；发出(声音) die out 灭绝(三)仿写用活句式造佳句表达高背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1.This produced a chain reaction,
16、 which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。动词itadj./n.(宾补)to do。因特网使得分享最新消息成为可能。The Internet makes_it_possible_to_share the latest news.2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因
17、而我摔倒了。倍数表达法：倍数asadj./adv.原级as其他。在2016年里约奥运会期间，里约的汽车的数量是我们预料的三倍。There were three_times_as_many_cars_as we expected during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games in Rio.3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that“既然；由于”，引导原因状
18、语从句，有时that可以省略。既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。Now_that_Helen_understood_the_key_to_language,_she was very eager to learn more and use them as much as she could.4.We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加， 宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。过
19、去分词作状语，说明主语的情况。猎人在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着他的爱犬。The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed_by_his_loved_dog.考点新组合阅读微技能Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home and the stairs were full of smoke. We tried hard _ (get) the fire under control, though we knew the smoke was harmful to our health
20、. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time. Thus, they, in their turn, began to prevent the fire from spreading and save life. Depending on their professional knowledge, they quickly put out the fire, _ made all of us cheer up.1.处应填词的正确形式为 to_get。2.用名词harm替换处was harmful to：did_harm_to。3.处应填关系词 whic
21、h。1harmful adj.有害的(1)be harmful to 对有害harmless adj. 无害的(2)cause/do harm to . 对造成伤害/有害mean no harm 无恶意there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处多角练透 单句语法填空Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful (harm) to their study.If you want to solve the problem in this way,
22、 there is no harm in calling him. 单句写作这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的破坏。(2013安徽高考书面表达)These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing/doing_serious_harm_to_life and the environment.2in time及时；终于(1)in time for . 刚好赶上in time to do sth. 及时做某事(2)in no time 立刻；马上at no time 决
23、不(放在句首时，句子用部 分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时at times 有时from time to time 有时；偶尔(3)take ones time 别着急；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间多角练透 单句语法填空The car came to a halt just in time to_prevent (prevent) an accident.All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Chr
24、istmas. 补全句子Many people are at the same start, but seldom do they arrive at the ending point at_the_same_time.许多人起点相同，但他们很少同时到达终点。At no time did_they_actually_break_the_rules_of_the_game.It was unfair to punish them.他们实际并未违反比赛规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。3in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn 依次；轮流；反过来；相应地by turns 轮流；交替地take
25、turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that . 结果多角练透 单句语法填空They had to take turns to_look (look) after the patients.Now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work.I think its my turn to_drive (drive) the kids to sch
26、ool this week. 补全句子People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in_turn_creates_more_problems.人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。4cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；(使)振奋(1)cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来cheer sb. on (比赛中)为某人喝彩；为某人加油(2)Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！题点全练补全句子When Im feeling sad, my
27、 mother tells me funny stories to_cheer_me_up.当我感到忧伤时，我的母亲就给我讲有趣的故事哄我高兴。They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered_her_on.他们聚集在游泳池边为她加油。This is just for you. Cheers!这是特意为你调制的。干杯！名师指津cheer up既可以用作及物动词短语，也可用作不及物动词短语。考点新组合阅读微技能Whether there is life on Mars is still _ puzzle to us. The earth is s
28、ix times the size of Mars. Whether we can land on Mars depends on the _ (develop) of science and technology. There is almost no oxygen on Mars and this makes it impossible for life to exist. If we are to go to Mars one day, we should have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter.1.处应填_a_。2.处应填词的正确形式为development；处所在句为whether引导的主语从句。5puzzle n谜；难题；(游戏的)猜谜vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解题点全练单句语法填空The police are still puzzling about/over how the accident could have happ
